CN112378930A - Pulse laser-based cladding layer surface and deep layer flaw detection method - Google Patents
Pulse laser-based cladding layer surface and deep layer flaw detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112378930A CN112378930A CN202011352329.6A CN202011352329A CN112378930A CN 112378930 A CN112378930 A CN 112378930A CN 202011352329 A CN202011352329 A CN 202011352329A CN 112378930 A CN112378930 A CN 112378930A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
- G01N2021/1706—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in solids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting defects on the surface and the deep layer of a cladding layer based on pulse laser, which belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing process control and has the following beneficial effects that the method comprises a pulse laser, a spectrometer, an ultrasonic probe and the like, wherein the pulse laser is used for carrying out surface scanning analysis on the surface of the cladding layer, extracting characteristic spectral lines in the surface plasma generation process, establishing a pseudo-color image of the surface of the cladding layer, judging abnormal points of element distribution on the surface of the cladding layer through the pseudo-color image, and further judging the defect condition of the surface of the cladding layer; the pulse laser can generate laser ultrasonic waves in the process of inducing plasmas, the ultrasonic waves generated by laser pulses are detected by the piezoelectric sensor while a spectrometer collects spectra, the defect condition of the deep layer of the cladding layer is detected by the signal collecting device and the processing device, and a means for detecting internal and external defects is provided for the field of laser additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a pulse laser-based method for detecting defects on the surface and deep layer of a cladding layer.
Background
In the field of laser material increase, the laser cladding technology is a green and cost-saving advanced remanufacturing surface engineering technology, and the metallurgical bonding between a coating and a substrate material is realized by depositing a metal alloy or other types of materials on the substrate, so that a cladding layer with no holes, fine crystal grains and good mechanical property is obtained, and the application prospect is very wide.
The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique is an atomic emission spectroscopy used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical multi-elements. Can be widely applied to scientific research, industry and other fields in real time. The device can be used for detecting and analyzing solid, liquid and gaseous samples and pasty substances, is free from contact and almost free from damage, does not need sample preparation or only needs a small amount of sample preparation, and can be used for spatial and deep detection and analysis, and the distance of remote detection is up to several meters. The element detection technology carried from curious people to space I is a formal laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology. Laser ultrasound is a non-contact, high-precision, non-destructive novel ultrasonic detection technology. It uses laser pulse to excite ultrasonic wave in the detected workpiece, and uses laser beam to detect the propagation of ultrasonic wave so as to obtain workpiece information, such as workpiece thickness, internal and surface defects, material parameters, etc. The technology combines the advantages of high precision of ultrasonic detection and non-contact optical detection, and has the advantages of high sensitivity and high detection bandwidth.
With the rapid development of scientific technology, the laser cladding technology is also improved, but in the cladding process, the technological parameters are the results summarized in the past. However, deviation occurs due to the influence of temperature, environment, equipment precision and the like in the cladding process, so that cladding layer defects are generated, such as: internal cracks, bubbles, etc. The existence of the defects greatly influences the service life and the performance of the cladding layer, reduces the development of the cladding technology, and lacks an effective surface and internal detection means at present. Under the above circumstances, it is shown that the surface and internal detection fields of the laser cladding technology are still in the trial stage, and a large technical blank is left, especially in the detection of the whole defects of the cladding layer after cladding, so that for the above reasons, a relevant effective monitoring means is urgently needed at the present stage to improve the application value of the laser cladding technology.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention uses a pulse laser to perform surface scanning on the surface of the cladding layer, excites the surface of a sample to form two signals, namely a plasma optical signal and a laser ultrasonic signal, in the surface scanning process, extracts a characteristic spectral line in the surface plasma generation process, establishes a pseudo-color image of the surface of the cladding layer, judges abnormal points of element distribution on the surface of the cladding layer through the pseudo-color image and further judges the defect condition of the surface of the cladding layer; the pulse laser can generate laser ultrasonic waves in the process of inducing plasmas, the ultrasonic probe is used for detecting the ultrasonic waves generated by laser pulses while a spectrometer collects spectra, the defect condition of the deep layer of the cladding layer is detected by the signal collecting device and the processing device, the purpose that the pulse laser can simultaneously detect the conditions of internal and external defects is achieved, and a means for detecting the internal and external defects is provided for the field of laser additive manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention uses a pulse laser to perform surface scanning on the surface of the cladding layer, excites the surface of a sample to form two signals, namely a plasma optical signal and a laser ultrasonic signal, in the surface scanning process, extracts a characteristic spectral line in the surface plasma generation process, establishes a pseudo-color image of the surface of the cladding layer, judges abnormal points of element distribution on the surface of the cladding layer through the pseudo-color image and further judges the defect condition of the surface of the cladding layer; the pulse laser can generate laser ultrasonic waves in the process of inducing plasmas, the ultrasonic probe is used for detecting the ultrasonic waves generated by laser pulses while a spectrometer collects spectra, the defect condition of the deep layer of the cladding layer is detected by the signal collecting device and the processing device, the purpose that the pulse laser can simultaneously detect the conditions of internal and external defects is achieved, and a means for detecting the internal and external defects is provided for the field of laser additive manufacturing.
(II) technical scheme
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a method for detecting defects on the surface and the deep layer of a cladding layer based on pulse laser, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: clamping: the sample piece is subjected to laser cladding to form a cladding layer on the surface, and is fixed on an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform through a clamp;
step two: setting parameters: planning a detection route according to the shape of the sample piece and the shape of the cladding layer, and setting a moving path of the XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform according to the good route; setting the integration time and average times of a spectrometer, the repetition frequency and laser energy of a pulse laser and the delay time of a DG535 digital delay pulse generator according to the states of a sample piece and a cladding layer;
step three: and (3) correcting the instrument: opening the spectrograph and the ultrasonic probe, correcting the detection background, and closing the spectrograph and the ultrasonic probe after correction;
step four: and (3) detection: starting a pulse laser and an ultrasonic probe to start detection, and automatically starting a spectrometer by a DG535 digital delay pulse generator to acquire spectral data according to the set delay time;
step five: data processing: after the spectrometer records the characteristic spectral line of each position, a pseudo-color image is established according to the spectral line intensity, and the surface defect condition of the cladding layer is judged according to the pseudo-color image; the ultrasonic probe records the amplitude condition of each position, extracts a maximum amplitude condition graph, establishes a time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph, and judges the internal flaw condition of the cladding layer according to the maximum amplitude condition graph and the time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph;
step six: and finishing the detection.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the device comprises an optical fiber detector, a laser control device, a vibration isolation optical platform, a computer and an optical bottom plate fixing block.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic probe is fixed on the vibration isolation optical platform through the optical platform supporting rod.
Furthermore, the surface of the sample piece after laser cladding forms a cladding layer, and the sample piece is fixed on an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform through a clamp.
Furthermore, the pulse laser is fixed on the vibration isolation optical platform through an optical bottom plate fixing block.
Furthermore, the optical fiber detector and the spectrometer are fixed above the pulse laser through an optical platform support rod; the collection angle of the optical fiber detector and the optical path of the pulse laser form an included angle of 45 degrees.
Further, the optical fiber detector and the spectrometer are conducted through optical fibers; the ultrasonic probe is connected with a computer through an ultrasonic high-speed A/D acquisition card for data transmission; the spectrometer is connected with a computer through a USB for data transmission.
Further, the DG535 digital delay pulse generator is connected with a pulse laser and a spectrometer; the laser control device is connected with the pulse laser.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) in order to solve the problem of flaw detection of the surface of the cladding layer, the surface of the cladding layer is swept by a pulse laser, the surface of a sample is excited in the surface sweeping process to form two signals, namely a plasma optical signal and a laser ultrasonic signal, characteristic spectral lines in the surface plasma generating process are extracted, a pseudo-color image of the surface of the cladding layer is established, abnormal points of element distribution on the surface of the cladding layer are judged through the pseudo-color image, and then the flaw condition of the surface of the cladding layer is judged.
2) The detection device comprises a pulse laser, a spectrometer, a signal acquisition device, a processing device and a control device, wherein the pulse laser can generate laser ultrasonic waves in the process of inducing plasma, the spectrometer acquires spectra and simultaneously utilizes an ultrasonic probe to detect the ultrasonic waves generated by laser pulses, and the signal acquisition device and the processing device are utilized to detect the deep flaw condition of the cladding layer.
3) The invention achieves the purpose that one pulse laser simultaneously detects the conditions of internal and external flaws, and provides a means for detecting the internal and external flaws for the field of laser additive manufacturing.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary detection path in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
in the figure: an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform-1, an ultrasonic probe-2, a sample piece-3, a cladding layer-4, an optical fiber detector-5, a pulse laser-6, a spectrometer-7, a DG535 digital delay pulse generator-8, a laser control device-9, a vibration isolation optical platform-10, a computer-11, a clamp-12 and an optical bottom plate fixing block-13.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the present invention provides a method for detecting defects on a surface and a deep layer of a cladding layer based on a pulsed laser, the method comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: clamping: the sample piece is subjected to laser cladding to form a cladding layer on the surface, and is fixed on an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform through a clamp;
step two: setting parameters: planning a detection route according to the shape of the sample piece and the shape of the cladding layer, and setting a moving path of the XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform according to the good route; setting the integration time and average times of a spectrometer, the repetition frequency and laser energy of a pulse laser and the delay time of a DG535 digital delay pulse generator according to the states of a sample piece and a cladding layer;
step three: and (3) correcting the instrument: opening the spectrograph and the ultrasonic probe, correcting the detection background, and closing the spectrograph and the ultrasonic probe after correction;
step four: and (3) detection: starting a pulse laser and an ultrasonic probe to start detection, and automatically starting a spectrometer by a DG535 digital delay pulse generator to acquire spectral data according to the set delay time;
step five: data processing: after the spectrometer records the characteristic spectral line of each position, a pseudo-color image is established according to the spectral line intensity, and the surface defect condition of the cladding layer is judged according to the pseudo-color image; the ultrasonic probe records the amplitude condition of each position, extracts a maximum amplitude condition graph, establishes a time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph, and judges the internal flaw condition of the cladding layer according to the maximum amplitude condition graph and the time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph;
step six: and finishing the detection.
Wherein, still include: the device comprises an optical fiber detector, a laser control device, a vibration isolation optical platform, a computer and an optical bottom plate fixing block.
The ultrasonic probe is fixed on the vibration isolation optical platform through the optical platform supporting rod.
The surface of the sample piece after laser cladding forms a cladding layer, and the sample piece is fixed on an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform through a clamp.
The pulse laser is fixed on the vibration isolation optical platform through the optical bottom plate fixing block.
The optical fiber detector and the spectrometer are fixed above the pulse laser through the optical platform supporting rod; the collection angle of the optical fiber detector and the optical path of the pulse laser form an included angle of 45 degrees.
The optical fiber detector and the spectrometer are conducted through optical fibers; the ultrasonic probe is connected with a computer through an ultrasonic high-speed A/D acquisition card for data transmission; the spectrometer is connected with a computer (11) through a USB for data transmission.
Wherein, the DG535 digital delay pulse generator is connected with a pulse laser and a spectrometer; the laser control device is connected with the pulse laser.
The working principle is as follows:
it is assumed that the worn part of the hot work die steel H13 was clad with a nickel base alloy for repair. Fixing the clad hot work die steel H13 on an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform through a clamp; planning a detection route according to the shape of the hot-work die steel H13 and the shape of the cladding layer, and setting a moving path of an XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform according to the good route; setting the integration time and average times of a spectrometer, the repetition frequency and laser energy of a pulse laser and the delay time of a DG535 digital delay pulse generator according to the shape of the hot-work die steel H13 and the state of a cladding layer; and opening the spectrometer and the ultrasonic probe, correcting the detection background, and closing the spectrometer and the ultrasonic probe after correction. Starting a pulse laser and an ultrasonic probe to start detection, and automatically starting a spectrometer by a DG535 digital delay pulse generator to acquire spectral data according to the set delay time; after the spectrometer records the characteristic spectral line of each position, a pseudo-color image is established according to the spectral line intensity, and the surface defect condition of the cladding layer is judged according to the pseudo-color image; the ultrasonic probe records the amplitude condition of each position, extracts a maximum amplitude condition graph, establishes a time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph, and judges the internal flaw condition of the cladding layer according to the maximum amplitude condition graph and the time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph; and finishing detecting the movement of the XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform to the initial position.
The control mode of the invention is controlled by manually starting and closing the switch, the wiring diagram of the power element and the supply of the power source belong to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting mechanical devices, so the control mode and the wiring arrangement are not explained in detail in the invention.
The control mode of the invention is automatically controlled by the controller, the control circuit of the controller can be realized by simple programming of technicians in the field, the supply of the power supply also belongs to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting mechanical devices, so the control mode and the circuit connection are not explained in detail in the invention
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting defects of the surface and the deep layer of a cladding layer based on pulse laser comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: clamping: the surface of the sample piece (3) after laser cladding forms a cladding layer (4), and the sample piece is fixed on the XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform (1) through a clamp (12);
step two: setting parameters: planning a detection route according to the shape of the sample piece and the shape of the cladding layer, and setting a moving path of the XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform (1) according to the good route; setting the integration time and average times of a spectrometer (7), the repetition frequency and laser energy of a pulse laser (6), and the delay time of a DG535 digital delay pulse generator (8) according to the states of the sample piece (3) and the cladding layer (4);
step three: and (3) correcting the instrument: turning on the spectrograph (7) and the ultrasonic probe (2), correcting the detection background, and turning off the spectrograph and the ultrasonic probe after correction;
step four: and (3) detection: starting a pulse laser (6), starting the detection of the ultrasonic probe (2), and automatically starting a spectrometer (7) by a DG535 digital delay pulse generator (8) according to the set delay time to acquire spectral data;
step five: data processing: after the spectrometer (7) records the characteristic spectral line of each position, a pseudo-color image is established according to the spectral line intensity, and the surface defect condition of the cladding layer is judged according to the pseudo-color image; the ultrasonic probe (2) records the amplitude condition of each position, extracts a maximum amplitude condition graph, establishes a time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph, and judges the internal flaw condition of the cladding layer according to the maximum amplitude condition graph and the time domain amplitude condition dynamic graph;
step six: and finishing the detection.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: further comprising: the vibration isolation optical system comprises an optical fiber detector (5), a laser control device (9), a vibration isolation optical platform (10), a computer (11) and an optical bottom plate fixing block (13).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the ultrasonic probe (2) is fixed on the vibration isolation optical platform (10) through the optical platform supporting rod.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the sample piece (3) is subjected to laser cladding, a cladding layer (4) is formed on the surface, and the sample piece is fixed on the XYZ three-dimensional electric moving platform (1) through a clamp (12).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the pulse laser (6) is fixed on the vibration isolation optical platform (10) through an optical bottom plate fixing block (13).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the optical fiber detector (5) and the spectrometer (7) are fixed above the pulse laser (6) through an optical platform supporting rod; the collection angle of the optical fiber detector and the optical path of the pulse laser form an included angle of 45 degrees.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the optical fiber detector (5) and the spectrometer (7) are conducted through optical fibers; the ultrasonic probe (2) is connected with a computer (11) through an ultrasonic high-speed A/D acquisition card for data transmission; the spectrometer (7) is connected with the computer (11) through a USB for data transmission.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the DG535 digital time delay pulse generator (8) is connected with the pulse laser (6) and the spectrometer (7); the laser control device (9) is connected with the pulse laser (6).
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| CN202011352329.6A CN112378930A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Pulse laser-based cladding layer surface and deep layer flaw detection method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114397244A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-26 | 长春工业大学 | A method for identifying defects in metal additive manufacturing parts and related equipment |
| CN116593400A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 国家电投集团江西电力有限公司 | Method and system for detecting black spot damage of solar panel |
| CN118817701A (en) * | 2024-09-19 | 2024-10-22 | 北华大学 | An online defect detection device for additively manufactured parts |
-
2020
- 2020-11-27 CN CN202011352329.6A patent/CN112378930A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114397244A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-26 | 长春工业大学 | A method for identifying defects in metal additive manufacturing parts and related equipment |
| CN116593400A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 国家电投集团江西电力有限公司 | Method and system for detecting black spot damage of solar panel |
| CN116593400B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-17 | 国家电投集团江西电力有限公司 | Method and system for detecting black spot damage of solar panel |
| CN118817701A (en) * | 2024-09-19 | 2024-10-22 | 北华大学 | An online defect detection device for additively manufactured parts |
| CN118817701B (en) * | 2024-09-19 | 2024-11-19 | 北华大学 | Online defect detection device for additive manufacturing parts |
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