CN112377164A - Foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process - Google Patents
Foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112377164A CN112377164A CN202011275753.5A CN202011275753A CN112377164A CN 112377164 A CN112377164 A CN 112377164A CN 202011275753 A CN202011275753 A CN 202011275753A CN 112377164 A CN112377164 A CN 112377164A
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920013818 hydroxypropyl guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001821 foam rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008384 inner phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008385 outer phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/685—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds containing cross-linking agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/703—Foams
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种发泡机构、高能气体泡沫压裂装置及工艺，所述发泡机构与高能气体压裂装置组合形成高能气体泡沫压裂装置，其中，发泡机构用于形成泡沫以对目的层进行泡沫压裂，高能气体压裂装置继续对所述目的层进行高能气体压裂，以解决现有泡沫压裂工艺可以产生较宽的裂缝但难以形成缝网及高能气体压裂工艺可以产生缝网但裂缝短，无法产生大面积裂缝面，对层与层之间的沟通性差的问题。
The invention discloses a foaming mechanism, a high-energy gas foam fracturing device and a process. The foaming mechanism is combined with a high-energy gas fracturing device to form a high-energy gas foam fracturing device, wherein the foaming mechanism is used to form foam to Foam fracturing is performed on the target layer, and the high-energy gas fracturing device continues to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer, so as to solve the problem that the existing foam fracturing process can produce wide cracks, but it is difficult to form a fracture network and the high-energy gas fracturing process can Fracture network is generated but the cracks are short, and a large-area crack surface cannot be generated, and the communication between layers is poor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a horizontal well fracturing device and a fracturing process.
Background
Foam fracturing in the existing fracturing technology has the advantages that the foam fracturing viscosity is high, the stratum can be favorably fractured, wider cracks are generated, but the cracks generated by the foam fracturing mostly extend up and down, the original cracks are not expanded greatly, and a crack network is difficult to form.
The high-energy gas fracturing is a production increasing measure which utilizes a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure gas generated by fast combustion of gunpowder or rocket propellant in a shaft to extrude a radial multi-crack system on a producing layer to improve the permeability of a near-wellbore area, thereby increasing the yield of an oil-gas well and the injection amount of a water injection well.
However, most of high-energy gas fracturing has poor fracture extensibility and short fracture length, cannot generate large-area fracture surfaces like hydraulic fracturing, has poor communication performance between layers, and has very limited effect on improving productivity. And the secondary fracturing operation needs to be repeatedly started and stopped, the construction process is complex, and selective fracturing cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a foaming mechanism, which is applied in a high-energy gas fracturing mechanism to form a high-energy gas foam fracturing device.
In addition, the invention provides a high-energy gas foam fracturing process, which is used for fracturing construction by using the high-energy gas foam fracturing device and solves the problems that the existing foam fracturing process can generate wider cracks but is difficult to form a seam network, the high-energy gas fracturing process can generate the seam network but has short cracks, cannot generate large-area crack surfaces and has poor communication between layers.
In a first aspect, the foaming mechanism is characterized by comprising:
connecting the cylinder body;
the connecting cylinder is filled with a foam generating material;
the foam generating object is used for generating foam after fracturing fluid containing a surfactant passes through the connecting cylinder.
Further, the foam product is foamed rubber wool.
Furthermore, two ports of the connecting cylinder are respectively connected with a valve and a porous plate;
the valve is used for opening or closing the inlet of the connecting cylinder;
the perforated plate is used for supporting the foam generating object so as to prevent the fracturing fluid from flushing the foam generating object out of the connecting cylinder body.
Further, the connecting cylinder is connected with a pressure sensor;
the pressure sensor is used for transmitting a pressure signal in the connecting cylinder body to the ground.
In a second aspect, the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is characterized by comprising:
the foaming mechanism and the high-energy gas fracturing device of the claim.
Further, the high-energy gas fracturing device comprises a fracturing string;
and the lower end of the foaming mechanism is connected with the fracturing string.
Furthermore, a perforation is arranged on the fracturing pipe column;
the perforations are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing string, and each perforation is correspondingly provided with an electric spark ignition device.
Furthermore, a packer and a positioner are connected to the fracturing string;
the packer is used for packing a target layer;
the locator is used for locating the fracturing string to the target layer.
In a third aspect, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process is characterized by comprising:
the high energy gas foam fracturing device of any one of the second aspects;
generating foam through the foaming mechanism so as to generate cracks and a seam network after foam fracturing is carried out on a target layer;
and continuing to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer through a high-energy gas fracturing device so as to expand the cracks and the crack network.
Further, the foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid containing surfactant and oxygen into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;
the foam fractures the zone of interest to create the fractures and the network of fractures, and the oxygen is mixed with associated gas within the zone of interest;
and the high-energy gas fracturing is to ignite the high-energy gas fracturing device to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture after the foam fracturing.
Further, the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is lowered into the target layer through a coiled tubing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-energy gas foam fracturing process combines the foam fracturing technology with the high-energy gas fracturing technology, and integrates the advantages of the two technologies, wherein the fracturing fluid is changed into foam through a foaming device, the viscosity is increased, the fracturing fluid is favorable for fracturing a stratum, wider cracks are generated, the foam has low filtration property, the liquid efficiency is high, and the foam is more stable and uniform in the cracks; associated gas in the initiated fracture can further expand the fracture formed after foam fracturing, so that the connectivity among the fractures is increased, and on the other hand, the pollution zone can be effectively penetrated;
the foaming mechanism has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, and can generate bubbles only by injecting fracturing fluid containing a surfactant;
the high-energy gas foam fracturing device disclosed by the invention can be put into a tubular column once, can be used for sequentially performing foam fracturing and other high-energy fracturing, and can be used for realizing twice fracturing on one target layer, so that the fracturing fracture has the advantages of both foam fracturing and high-energy gas fracturing.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a foaming mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high energy gas fracturing apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the foaming mechanism and the pressure sensor and the connecting oil pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below based on examples, but it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth. However, the present invention may be fully understood by those skilled in the art for those parts not described in detail.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of illustrating the invention, features and advantages thereof, and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Also, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, the meaning of "includes but is not limited to".
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a foaming mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; in fig. 1, the foaming mechanism of the present embodiment includes a connecting cylinder 10; the joint cylinder 10 is filled with a foam generator 11, and the foam generator 11 functions to generate foam when a fracturing fluid containing a surfactant passes through the joint cylinder 10. Preferably, the foam product 11 is foamed rubber foam.
In fig. 1, two ports of the connection cylinder 10 are respectively connected with a valve 12 and a porous plate 9, wherein the valve 12 is used for controlling the opening or closing of the inlet of the connection cylinder 10; the porous plate 9 is used for supporting the foamed rubber cotton and fixing the foamed rubber cotton in the connecting cylinder 10 so as to prevent the foamed rubber cotton from being flushed out of the connecting cylinder 10 when the fracturing fluid passes through.
In fig. 3, the connection cylinder 10 is connected with a pressure sensor 6, and the pressure sensor 6 is used for transmitting a pressure signal in the connection cylinder 10 to the ground. Since the fracturing operation is performed under certain pressure conditions, the pressure in the connecting cylinder needs to be monitored at the right time, and the pressure sensor 6 can achieve the purpose.
The foaming mechanism is designed for being combined with a high-energy gas fracturing device to form the high-energy gas foam fracturing device, and the device comprises the foaming mechanism and the high-energy gas fracturing device. As shown in fig. 2, the high-energy gas fracturing device comprises a fracturing pipe column 1, wherein the fracturing pipe column 1 is provided with perforations 4, the perforations 4 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the fracturing pipe column 1, and each perforation 4 is correspondingly provided with an electric spark ignition device 5. The lower extreme of the connecting cylinder body 10 of foaming mechanism with fracturing string 1 is connected, and specifically fracturing string 1 upper portion is equipped with the coupling, realizes the fixed connection of connecting cylinder body 10 and fracturing string 1 through this coupling.
And the fracturing string 1 is also connected with a packer 2 and a positioner 3, wherein the packer 2 is used for packing a target layer, and the positioner 3 is used for positioning the fracturing string 1 to the target layer. The perforation 4 arranged on the fracturing string 1 is designed according to the existing high-pressure gas fracturing process requirements, and the structures of the electric spark ignition device 5, the packer 2 and the positioner 3 are designed according to the existing high-pressure gas fracturing process requirements. Of course, the selection and the structural design of the electric spark ignition device 5, the packer 2 and the positioner 3 may not be according to the scheme of fig. 2, as long as the requirement of high-energy gas fracturing can be met.
Of course, the actual high-energy gas fracturing equipment also includes downhole tools such as centralizers, and the present embodiment does not describe these in detail.
Through the high-energy gas foam fracturing device, a new fracturing mode, namely a high-energy gas foam fracturing process can be designed, and the process mainly adopts the following inventive concept:
generating foam through the foaming mechanism so as to generate cracks and a seam network after foam fracturing is carried out on a target layer;
and continuing to perform high-energy gas fracturing on the target layer through a high-energy gas fracturing device so as to expand the cracks and the crack network.
That is to say, adopt the high energy gas foam fracturing device of this application, once go into the tubular column, can carry out foam fracturing and other fracturing of high energy in proper order, and can realize twice fracturing to a target layer to make the fracturing crack have foam fracturing and high energy gas fracturing's advantage simultaneously concurrently.
The technology combines the foam fracturing technology with the high-energy gas fracturing technology, and integrates the advantages of the two technologies, wherein the fracturing fluid is changed into foam through a foaming device, the viscosity is increased, the stratum can be pressed open, wider cracks can be generated, the foam has low filtration, the liquid efficiency is high, and the foam is more stable and uniform in the cracks; associated gas in the initiated fracture can further expand the fracture formed after foam fracturing, so that the connectivity among the fractures is increased, and on the other hand, the associated gas can effectively penetrate through a pollution zone to achieve the purpose of clearing oil layer blockage.
Preferably, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process comprises the following specific steps:
the foam fracturing is to inject fracturing fluid containing a surfactant and oxygen into the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to generate the foam;
the foam fractures the zone of interest to create the fractures and the network of fractures, and the oxygen is mixed with associated gas within the zone of interest;
and the high-energy gas fracturing is to ignite the high-energy gas fracturing device to detonate the associated gas and the oxygen in the fracture after the foam fracturing.
Specifically, the high-energy gas foam fracturing process of the present application is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
(1) firstly, determining a fracturing layer position, and connecting the upper end of a connecting cylinder 10 in the high-energy gas foam fracturing device to the lower part of a continuous oil pipe 8, so that the high-energy gas foam fracturing device is lowered into a target layer along with the continuous oil pipe 8.
(2) The packer 2 is positioned by using the positioner 3, the coiled tubing 8 is lifted by 1-1.2m to change the track of the packer 2, the coiled tubing 8 is lowered, downhole tools such as a centralizer are adjusted, and when the lower pressure is large, the packer 2 is already set, so that the purpose of packing is achieved.
(3) Injecting fracturing fluid containing a surfactant and oxygen through a coiled tubing 8, generating foam through a foaming mechanism 7 by the fracturing fluid, observing downhole pressure through a pressure sensor 6, generating cracks in a target layer when the pressure is higher than the fracture pressure, and mixing the foam and the oxygen with associated gas in a stratum.
(4) Through observing pressure sensor 6, reach certain degree when pressure, close valve 12, utilize electric spark ignition 5 to ignite, explode associated gas and oxygen in the crack, reach the crack and the mesh of seam that produce behind the expansion foam fracturing, reach the purpose of clearing up the oil reservoir that blocks up simultaneously.
The high-energy gas foam fracturing device is connected to 8 tail ends of continuous oil pipe, transfers to the target fracturing horizon that corresponds, can carry out fracturing to the target horizon after the packer, and the deblocking degree of difficulty is less, and convenient operation is swift.
The following describes the effect of the high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process in specific applications with reference to specific implementation cases to assist understanding of the beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the present application:
the daily average liquid production of a certain gas injection oil well in a certain oil field at the initial stage of production is 11m3Gas is not injected before the high-energy gas foam fracturing construction, the liquid production amount is low, and the pollution in the near wellbore area is judged to be serious, and the production is judgedThe pressure drop funnel is generated, and the flow guide capacity is obviously reduced. The plant is carefully analyzed to decide to adopt a high-energy gas foam fracturing process to perform blockage removal and reconstruction on the well.
(1) Firstly to fracturing operation, confirm the position that needs the fracture, short circuit the high energy gas foam fracturing device of this application before coiled tubing, with coiled tubing down to the target zone utilize the sleeve pipe coupling locator to fix a position, descend coiled tubing, adjust downhole tools such as centralizer simultaneously, when the depressurization force is great, the packer has been set up this moment, has realized the packer effect.
(2) After the device is put into the fracturing fluid, starting to inject the fracturing fluid, and adding a surfactant (petroleum sulfonate), a foam stabilizer (carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum), a clay stabilizer (potassium chloride) and a crosslinking agent (borate) into the fracturing fluid; the formula system of the fracturing fluid is as follows: 0.4 to 0.5 percent
The gum comprises carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, 1-2% of petroleum sulfonate, 0.2-0.3% of potassium chloride and 0.5% of borate.
(3) The fracturing fluid is injected with oxygen, the fracturing fluid and the oxygen are mixed to pass through the foaming rubber cotton in the foaming mechanism 7, the surfactant is added into the fracturing fluid to reduce the interfacial tension of the water-based fracturing fluid, when the fracturing fluid and the oxygen pass through micro gaps in the foaming rubber cotton together, a two-phase dispersion system with the oxygen as an inner phase and the surfactant-containing fracturing fluid as an outer phase is formed, and the foaming fracturing fluid is formed.
(4) The fracture pressure of the target layer is 12.5MPa, when the pressure is higher than the fracture pressure of the stratum, the target layer is pressed out of cracks, and a large amount of associated gas is mixed with foam in the cracks. The fracturing design parameters are as follows: injection amount of fracturing fluid 275.4m3Gas injection amount 65m3Injection flow rate of 2.4m3Min, injection pressure 9.6 MPa.
(5) When the pressure of the underground pressure sensor 6 is observed to reach 12.5MPa, the injection speed is kept, the cracks are fully filled with foam, after the fracturing fluid is injected, the valve 12 on the foaming mechanism 7 is controlled to be closed by the ground, then the electric spark ignition device 5 is started on the ground, oxygen in the foam in the cracks and associated gas in the cracks are ignited and exploded, the fracturing operation of the interval is completed, the length of the cracks is averagely increased by 3.45m, and the width of the cracks is increased by 0.2 cm.
The secondary fracturing effect through foam fracturing and high-energy gas can show that the process expands the range of the fractured crack, increases the flow conductivity of the crack, further links up the connectivity between oil layers and the like, and has certain promotion, thereby achieving the purposes of enhancing the exploitation degree and improving the exploitation capacity.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely embodiments for expressing the invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, substitutions of equivalents, improvements and the like can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
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| CN202011275753.5A CN112377164B (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | A foaming mechanism, high-energy gas foam fracturing device and process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119288485A (en) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-01-10 | 山东科技大学 | A method for pre-cracking and caving in a coal mine by combining foam fracturing and blasting |
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| CN119288485B (en) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-04-04 | 山东科技大学 | Advanced pre-fracturing roof caving method for coal mine foam fracturing and blasting cooperation |
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