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CN112350432B - A backup power supply device and power supply method thereof - Google Patents

A backup power supply device and power supply method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112350432B
CN112350432B CN202011321182.4A CN202011321182A CN112350432B CN 112350432 B CN112350432 B CN 112350432B CN 202011321182 A CN202011321182 A CN 202011321182A CN 112350432 B CN112350432 B CN 112350432B
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China
Prior art keywords
power supply
backup battery
power
detection circuit
backup
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CN202011321182.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112350432A (en
Inventor
潘毅
徐冲
胡崚
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Wuhan Woostar Electrical Technology Co ltd
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Wuhan Woostar Electrical Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种后备电源装置及其供电方法，其装置包括后备电池、功率开关、驱动器、后备电池电压检测电路、负载电压检测电路、负载电流检测电路、市电电源电压检测电路和控制器；每一路后备电池均通过对应的功率开关与负载电连接，每一路功率开关均通过对应的驱动器与控制器电连接；每一路后备电池电压检测电路的输入端均电连接在对应的后备电池和功率开关之间的供电线路上，每一路后备电池电压检测电路的输出端均与控制器电连接；负载电压检测电路的输入端电连接在所有功率开关的公共端与负载之间的供电线路上，负载电压检测电路的输出端与控制器电连接。本发明采用多路后备电池不断电切换供电，保证供电的可靠性。

The present invention relates to a backup power supply device and a power supply method thereof, wherein the device comprises a backup battery, a power switch, a driver, a backup battery voltage detection circuit, a load voltage detection circuit, a load current detection circuit, a mains power supply voltage detection circuit and a controller; each backup battery is electrically connected to the load through a corresponding power switch, and each power switch is electrically connected to the controller through a corresponding driver; the input end of each backup battery voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the power supply line between the corresponding backup battery and the power switch, and the output end of each backup battery voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the controller; the input end of the load voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the power supply line between the common end of all power switches and the load, and the output end of the load voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the controller. The present invention adopts multi-channel backup batteries to switch power supply without interruption, thereby ensuring the reliability of power supply.

Description

Backup power supply device and power supply method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power supply, in particular to a backup power supply device and a power supply method thereof.
Background
The power supply reliability is improved along with the social development, a backup power supply system in a machine room usually adopts a fixed direct current battery, when external alternating current is powered off, the backup battery can be put into the system for supplying power, but when the backup battery is exhausted, the reliable power supply cannot be continuously ensured, so that the unstable power supply condition can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a backup power supply device and a power supply method thereof, wherein the power supply is switched by a plurality of backup batteries without power failure, so that the reliability of the power supply is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention for solving the technical problems is that the backup power supply device comprises backup batteries, power switches, drivers, backup battery voltage detection circuits, load current detection circuits, mains supply voltage detection circuits and controllers, wherein multiple paths of backup batteries, the power switches, the drivers and the backup battery voltage detection circuits are arranged, the number of the backup batteries is the same as that of the backup battery voltage detection circuits and corresponds to the number of the backup batteries one by one, the number of the backup batteries is the same as that of the power switches and corresponds to the number of the circuits of the drivers one by one, each backup battery is connected with the load power through the corresponding power switch, each power switch is connected with the controller through the corresponding driver, input ends of each backup battery voltage detection circuit are electrically connected with a power supply line between the corresponding backup battery and the corresponding power switch, each backup battery voltage detection circuit is the same as the number of the circuits, the number of the backup battery voltage detection circuits is the same as that of the circuits corresponds to one by one, each backup battery voltage detection circuit is connected with the common power supply line between the load power switch and the input ends of the corresponding power supply line, each backup battery voltage detection circuit is connected with the common power supply line between the load voltage detection circuit and the load power supply line, and the common power supply line is connected with the load voltage detection circuit, and the common power supply line is connected with all the load voltage detection circuits.
Based on the backup power supply device, the invention further provides a power supply method of the backup power supply device.
A power supply method of a backup power supply device, which uses the backup power supply device to supply power, comprises the following steps,
S1, detecting the voltage U1 output by the corresponding backup battery in real time through each backup battery voltage detection circuit, detecting the voltage U2 at two ends of a load in real time through a load voltage detection circuit, detecting the current I flowing into the load in real time through a load current detection circuit, and detecting the mains supply voltage U3 for supplying power to the load in real time through a mains supply voltage detection circuit;
s2, if the mains supply voltage U3 is powered down or the voltage U2 is lower than a first set value, a controller is used for controlling a driver corresponding to a backup battery with the highest voltage U1 to drive a corresponding power switch to be turned on, so that the backup battery with the highest voltage U1 is put into operation;
S3, if the voltage U1 of the backup battery for supplying power to the load is lower than a second set value, selecting another backup battery with the highest voltage U1 from the rest backup batteries, controlling a corresponding driver to drive a corresponding power switch to be turned on through a controller so as to enable the other backup battery with the highest voltage U1 selected from the rest backup batteries to be put into operation, and controlling the corresponding driver to drive the corresponding power switch to be turned off through the controller so as to enable the backup battery which is put into operation previously and has the voltage U1 lower than the second set value to be cut off and put into operation;
S4, when the mains supply voltage U3 is recovered to supply power, the current I flows reversely and the voltage U2 is normal, the input backup battery is charged through the mains supply until the voltage U1 of the input backup battery reaches a third set value and is full, and the corresponding driver is controlled by the controller to drive the corresponding power switch to be turned off, so that the input and full-charged backup battery is cut off and input;
s5, if the voltage U1 of the backup battery is lower than a third set value, charging the backup battery with the lowest voltage U1 until the backup battery is full, and then cutting off the charging;
and S6, repeating the step S5 until all the standby batteries are fully charged.
The backup power supply device and the power supply method thereof have the beneficial effects that the backup power supply device and the power supply method thereof adopt a plurality of backup batteries to switch power supply without power interruption, so that the reliability of power supply is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a backup power supply apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a commercial power supply voltage detection circuit in a backup power supply device according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a backup battery voltage detection circuit or a load voltage detection circuit in a backup power supply device according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for supplying power to a backup power device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
As shown in fig. 1, the backup power supply device comprises a backup battery, a power switch, a driver, a backup battery voltage detection circuit, a load current detection circuit, a mains supply voltage detection circuit and a controller, wherein the backup battery, the power switch, the driver and the backup battery voltage detection circuit are all provided with multiple paths, the number of paths of the backup battery and the backup battery voltage detection circuit is the same as that of the power switch and corresponds to that of the backup battery voltage detection circuit one by one, the number of paths of the power switch and the driver is the same as that of the power switch and corresponds to that of the power switch one by one, each path of the backup battery is connected with the load power through the corresponding power switch, the input end of each path of the backup battery voltage detection circuit is connected with a power supply line between the corresponding backup battery and the power switch, the output end of each path of the backup battery voltage detection circuit is connected with the common power supply line between the input end of the power switch and the load circuit, and the input end of the power switch is connected with the common power supply line between the input end of the power switch and the controller, and the input end of the power switch is connected with the common power supply. In this particular embodiment, the backup battery is provided with three ways, and in other embodiments, the backup battery may be provided with two, four, five or more ways.
In this embodiment, there are the following preferred embodiments:
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the mains supply voltage detection circuit includes a voltage transformer PT and an operational amplifier A1, two input ends of the voltage transformer PT are respectively connected to a zero line and a live line of the mains supply through a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, two output ends of the voltage transformer PT are respectively connected to a forward input end and a reverse input end of the operational amplifier A1, two anti-parallel diodes D1 and D2 are further connected between two output ends of the voltage transformer PT, a resistor R3 and a capacitor C1 which are connected in parallel are connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the operational amplifier A1, and an output end of the operational amplifier A1 is electrically connected with the controller. In the preferred embodiment, the mains voltage detection circuit in fig. 2 only detects one phase voltage in the mains, and if three phases of voltages are required, three mains voltage detection circuits may be provided. The mains supply voltage detection circuit adopts a voltage transformer and an operational amplifier to convert the mains supply voltage into a signal suitable for being collected by the controller.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the circuit structure of the backup battery voltage detection circuit is the same as that of the load voltage detection circuit, and each circuit structure of the backup battery voltage detection circuit comprises an operational amplifier A2, the homodromous input end and the reverse input end of the operational amplifier A2 are respectively and electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply circuit between the corresponding backup battery and the power switch through a resistor R4 and a resistor R5, the homodromous input end of the operational amplifier A2 is also grounded through a resistor R6 and a capacitor C2 which are mutually connected in parallel, a resistor R7 and a capacitor C3 which are mutually connected in parallel are connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the operational amplifier A2, and the output end of the operational amplifier A2 is electrically connected with the controller through a resistor R8. In the preferred scheme, the backup battery voltage detection circuit adopts resistor voltage division and then adjusts the backup battery voltage into a signal suitable for being collected by the controller through the operational amplifier.
Preferably, the load current detection circuit is specifically a hall current sensor. The load current (direct current signal) is collected by a commercial hall current sensor and transmitted to a controller.
Preferably, the controller is specifically a singlechip of STM32F429VET6 type. The controller is composed of a minimum system of a singlechip and can receive and control other units, the controller in the preferred scheme adopts STM32F429VET6 to integrate ADC (analog to digital converter), can collect and detect power data detected by a backup battery voltage detection circuit, a load current detection circuit and a mains supply voltage detection circuit, and can control a driver to carry out switching operation on a power device of a power switch.
Preferably, the driver is internally integrated with two paths of power device drivers. In the preferred scheme, the driver can adopt a driver of a model 2SC0115T, and the driver receives signals sent by the controller and drives the upper power device and the lower power device of the same group in the power switch to be turned on or turned off.
Preferably, each power switch comprises a plurality of groups of parallel power device groups, each power device group consists of two power devices which are connected in reverse series, the control poles of the two power devices of each power device group in each power switch are respectively and electrically connected with the controller through two power device drivers in the corresponding drivers, one parallel end of all the power device groups in each power switch is electrically connected with the positive pole of the corresponding backup battery, the other parallel end of all the power device groups in each power switch is electrically connected with the positive pole of the load, and the negative pole of the backup battery is electrically connected with the negative pole of the load. In the preferred scheme, two power devices are connected in reverse series to turn on or block the backup power supply from being connected with the load side, the power devices can adopt NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tubes, the model is HY5208, and the temperature rise can be according to the requirementTo determine that the number of the groups of groups,For rated current of the NMOS tube, R DS is the resistance when the NMOS tube is conducted, R BJA is the thermal resistance, when the temperature rise does not meet the actual use condition, a plurality of groups of two NMOS tube groups which are reversely connected in series are connected in parallel to reduce R DS, and in addition, a heat dissipation forced air cooling and water cooling structure can be additionally arranged in the power switch to reduce R BJA so as to meet the temperature rise requirement.
Preferably, each power switch protection circuit comprises an inductor L, the inductor L in each power switch protection circuit is connected in series on the power supply line between the parallel end of all the power device groups in the corresponding power switch and the positive electrode of the load, one end of the inductor L is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding backup battery through a capacitor C4, and the other end of the inductor L is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding backup battery through a capacitor C5. In the preferred embodiment, the inductor is used to limit the surge current and protect the power switch.
Preferably, a first hot plug connector is arranged on a power supply line between the positive electrode of each backup battery and a parallel end of all the power device groups in the corresponding power switch; the anodes of the backup batteries are electrically connected to a parallel end of all the power device groups in the power switch through the corresponding first hot plug connectors, second hot plug connectors are arranged on power supply lines between the cathodes of the backup batteries and the cathodes of the loads, and the cathodes of the backup batteries are electrically connected to the cathodes of the loads through the corresponding second hot plug connectors. In the preferred scheme, the first hot plug connector and the second hot plug connector are used for being capable of being replaced and connected with a new backup battery at any time, and replacement is convenient.
Embodiment two:
As shown in fig. 4, a power supply method of a backup power supply device, which uses the backup power supply device to supply power, includes the following steps,
S1, detecting the voltage U1 output by the corresponding backup battery in real time through each backup battery voltage detection circuit, detecting the voltage U2 at two ends of a load in real time through a load voltage detection circuit, detecting the current I flowing into the load in real time through a load current detection circuit, and detecting the mains supply voltage U3 for supplying power to the load in real time through a mains supply voltage detection circuit;
s2, if the mains supply voltage U3 is powered down or the voltage U2 is lower than a first set value, a controller is used for controlling a driver corresponding to a backup battery with the highest voltage U1 to drive a corresponding power switch to be turned on, so that the backup battery with the highest voltage U1 is put into operation;
S3, if the voltage U1 of the backup battery for supplying power to the load is lower than a second set value, selecting another backup battery with the highest voltage U1 from the rest backup batteries, controlling a corresponding driver to drive a corresponding power switch to be turned on through a controller so as to enable the other backup battery with the highest voltage U1 selected from the rest backup batteries to be put into operation, and controlling the corresponding driver to drive the corresponding power switch to be turned off through the controller so as to enable the backup battery which is put into operation previously and has the voltage U1 lower than the second set value to be cut off and put into operation;
S4, when the mains supply voltage U3 is recovered to supply power, the current I flows reversely and the voltage U2 is normal, the input backup battery is charged through the mains supply until the voltage U1 of the input backup battery reaches a third set value and is full, and the corresponding driver is controlled by the controller to drive the corresponding power switch to be turned off, so that the input and full-charged backup battery is cut off and input;
s5, if the voltage U1 of the backup battery is lower than a third set value, charging the backup battery with the lowest voltage U1 until the backup battery is full, and then cutting off the charging;
and S6, repeating the step S5 until all the standby batteries are fully charged.
The standby power supply device and the power supply method thereof adopt the multi-path standby battery to switch power supply without power failure, thereby ensuring the reliability of power supply.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种后备电源装置，其特征在于：包括后备电池、功率开关、驱动器、后备电池电压检测电路、负载电压检测电路、负载电流检测电路、市电电源电压检测电路和控制器；所述后备电池、所述功率开关、所述驱动器和所述后备电池电压检测电路均设有多路，所述后备电池与所述后备电池电压检测电路的路数相同并一一对应，所述后备电池与所述功率开关的路数相同并一一对应，所述功率开关与所述驱动器的路数相同并一一对应；每一路所述后备电池均通过对应的所述功率开关与负载电连接，每一路所述功率开关均通过对应的所述驱动器与所述控制器电连接；每一路所述后备电池电压检测电路的输入端均电连接在对应的所述后备电池和所述功率开关之间的供电线路上，每一路所述后备电池电压检测电路的输出端均与所述控制器电连接；所述负载电压检测电路的输入端电连接在所有所述功率开关的公共端与所述负载之间的供电线路上，所述负载电压检测电路的输出端与所述控制器电连接；所述负载电流检测电路串联在所有所述功率开关的公共端与所述负载之间的供电线路上并与所述控制器电连接；所述市电电源电压检测电路的输入端电连接在市电电源上，所述市电电源电压检测电路的输出端与所述控制器电连接；1. A backup power supply device, characterized in that it includes a backup battery, a power switch, a driver, a backup battery voltage detection circuit, a load voltage detection circuit, a load current detection circuit, a mains power supply voltage detection circuit and a controller; the backup battery, the power switch, the driver and the backup battery voltage detection circuit are all provided with multiple paths, the backup battery has the same number of paths as the backup battery voltage detection circuit and corresponds one to one, the backup battery has the same number of paths as the power switch and corresponds one to one, and the power switch has the same number of paths as the driver and corresponds one to one; each path of the backup battery is electrically connected to the load through the corresponding power switch, and each path of the power switch is electrically connected to the controller through the corresponding driver ; The input end of each backup battery voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the power supply line between the corresponding backup battery and the power switch, and the output end of each backup battery voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the controller; the input end of the load voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the power supply line between the common end of all the power switches and the load, and the output end of the load voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the controller; the load current detection circuit is connected in series to the power supply line between the common end of all the power switches and the load and is electrically connected to the controller; the input end of the mains power supply voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the mains power supply, and the output end of the mains power supply voltage detection circuit is electrically connected to the controller; 所述负载电流检测电路具体为霍尔电流传感器；所述控制器具体为STM32F429VET6型号的单片机。The load current detection circuit is specifically a Hall current sensor; the controller is specifically a single chip microcomputer of the STM32F429VET6 model. 2.根据权利要求1所述的后备电源装置，其特征在于：所述市电电源电压检测电路包括电压互感器PT和运放A1，所述电压互感器PT的两个输入端分别通过电阻R1和电阻R2对应的连接在市电电源的零线和火线上，所述电压互感器PT的两个输出端分别连接在所述运放A1的正向输入端和反向输入端上，所述电压互感器PT的两个输出端之间还连接有两个反向并联的二极管D1和二极管D2，所述运放A1的反向输入端与输出端之间连接有相互并联的电阻R3和电容C1，所述运放A1的输出端与所述控制器电连接。2. The backup power supply device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mains power supply voltage detection circuit includes a voltage transformer PT and an operational amplifier A1, the two input ends of the voltage transformer PT are respectively connected to the neutral line and the live line of the mains power supply through resistors R1 and R2, the two output ends of the voltage transformer PT are respectively connected to the forward input end and the reverse input end of the operational amplifier A1, two reverse-parallel diodes D1 and diode D2 are also connected between the two output ends of the voltage transformer PT, a resistor R3 and a capacitor C1 connected in parallel are connected between the reverse input end and the output end of the operational amplifier A1, and the output end of the operational amplifier A1 is electrically connected to the controller. 3.根据权利要求1所述的后备电源装置，其特征在于：所述后备电池电压检测电路的电路结构和所述负载电压检测电路的电路结构相同，均包括运放A2，所述运放A2的同向输入端和反向输入端分别通过电阻R4和电阻R5电连接在对应的所述后备电池和所述功率开关之间的供电线路的正负极上，所述运放A2的同向输入端还通过相互并联的电阻R6和电容C2接地，所述运放A2的反向输入端与输出端之间连接有相互并联的电阻R7和电容C3，所述运放A2的输出端通过电阻R8与所述控制器电连接。3. The backup power supply device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the circuit structure of the backup battery voltage detection circuit is the same as the circuit structure of the load voltage detection circuit, and both include an operational amplifier A2, the same-direction input terminal and the reverse input terminal of the operational amplifier A2 are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply line between the corresponding backup battery and the power switch through resistors R4 and R5 respectively, the same-direction input terminal of the operational amplifier A2 is also grounded through a resistor R6 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel, a resistor R7 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel are connected between the reverse input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier A2, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier A2 is electrically connected to the controller through a resistor R8. 4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的后备电源装置，其特征在于：所述驱动器内部集成有两路功率器件驱动器。4. The backup power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two power device drivers are integrated inside the driver. 5.根据权利要求4所述的后备电源装置，其特征在于：每一路所述功率开关均包括多组并联的功率器件组，每一组所述功率器件组均由两个反向串联的功率器件组成，每一路所述功率开关中每一组所述功率器件组的两个功率器件的控制极分别通过对应的所述驱动器内的两路功率器件驱动器与所述控制器电连接；每一路所述功率开关中所有所述功率器件组的一并联端电连接在对应的所述后备电池的正极上，每一路所述功率开关中所有所述功率器件组的另一并联端电连接在所述负载的正极上，所述后备电池的负极电连接在所述负载的负极上。5. The backup power supply device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: each of the power switches includes multiple groups of parallel power device groups, each group of the power device groups is composed of two power devices connected in reverse series, and the control electrodes of the two power devices in each group of the power device groups in each of the power switches are electrically connected to the controller through the two power device drivers in the corresponding driver respectively; one parallel end of all the power device groups in each of the power switches is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the corresponding backup battery, and the other parallel end of all the power device groups in each of the power switches is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the load, and the negative electrode of the backup battery is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the load. 6.根据权利要求5所述的后备电源装置，其特征在于：每一路所述功率开关与所述负载之间的供电线路上均设有功率开关保护电路；每一路所述功率开关保护电路均包括电感L，每一路所述功率开关保护电路中的所述电感L串联在对应的所述功率开关中所有所述功率器件组的一并联端与所述负载正极之间的供电线路上，所述电感L的一端通过电容C4连接在对应的所述后备电池的负极上，所述电感L的另一端通过电容C5连接在对应的所述后备电池的负极上。6. The backup power supply device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: a power switch protection circuit is provided on each power supply line between the power switch and the load; each power switch protection circuit includes an inductor L, and the inductor L in each power switch protection circuit is connected in series on the power supply line between a parallel end of all the power device groups in the corresponding power switch and the positive electrode of the load, one end of the inductor L is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding backup battery through a capacitor C4, and the other end of the inductor L is connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding backup battery through a capacitor C5. 7.根据权利要求5或6所述的后备电源装置，其特征在于：每一路所述后备电池的正极与对应的所述功率开关中所有所述功率器件组的一并联端之间的供电线路上均设有第一热插拔接头；每一路所述后备电池的正极通过对应的所述第一热插拔接头与对应的电连接在所述功率开关中所有所述功率器件组的一并联端上；每一路所述后备电池的负极与所述负载的负极之间的供电线路上均设有第二热插拔接头，每一路所述后备电池的负极通过对应的所述第二热插拔接头电连接在所述负载的负极上。7. The backup power supply device according to claim 5 or 6 is characterized in that: a first hot-plug connector is provided on the power supply line between the positive electrode of each backup battery and a parallel end of all the power device groups in the corresponding power switch; the positive electrode of each backup battery is electrically connected to the corresponding parallel end of all the power device groups in the power switch through the corresponding first hot-plug connector; a second hot-plug connector is provided on the power supply line between the negative electrode of each backup battery and the negative electrode of the load, and the negative electrode of each backup battery is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the load through the corresponding second hot-plug connector. 8.一种后备电源装置供电方法，其特征在于：利用如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的后备电源装置进行供电，包括如下步骤，8. A method for supplying power using a backup power supply device, characterized in that: supplying power using the backup power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1，通过每一路后备电池电压检测电路实时检测对应的后备电池输出的电压U1，通过负载电压检测电路实时检测负载两端的电压U2，通过负载电流检测电路实时检测流入负载的电流I，通过市电电源电压检测电路实时检测给负载供电的市电电源电压U3；S1, through each backup battery voltage detection circuit to detect the corresponding backup battery output voltage U1 in real time, through the load voltage detection circuit to detect the voltage U2 at both ends of the load in real time, through the load current detection circuit to detect the current I flowing into the load in real time, through the mains power supply voltage detection circuit to detect the mains power supply voltage U3 supplying power to the load in real time; S2，若市电电源电压U3掉电或电压U2低于第一设定值时，通过控制器控制与电压U1最高的一路后备电池对应的驱动器驱动对应的功率开关导通，以使电压U1最高的一路后备电池投入；S2, if the mains power supply voltage U3 is powered off or the voltage U2 is lower than the first set value, the controller controls the driver corresponding to the backup battery with the highest voltage U1 to drive the corresponding power switch to turn on, so that the backup battery with the highest voltage U1 is put into use; S3，若给负载供电的后备电池的电压U1低于第二设定值时，则在剩余的后备电池中选择出电压U1最高的另一路后备电池，并通过控制器控制对应的驱动器驱动对应的功率开关导通，以使在剩余的后备电池中选择出的电压U1最高的另一路后备电池投入，且通过控制器控制对应的驱动器驱动对应的功率开关关断，以使先前已投入的且电压U1低于第二设定值的后备电池切除投入；S3, if the voltage U1 of the backup battery supplying power to the load is lower than the second set value, another backup battery with the highest voltage U1 is selected from the remaining backup batteries, and the controller controls the corresponding driver to drive the corresponding power switch to turn on, so that the other backup battery with the highest voltage U1 selected from the remaining backup batteries is put into use, and the controller controls the corresponding driver to drive the corresponding power switch to turn off, so that the previously put into use backup battery with a voltage U1 lower than the second set value is removed and put into use; S4，当市电电源电压U3恢复供电且电流I的流向反向以及电压U2正常时，通过市电电源给投入的后备电池充电，直至投入的后备电池的电压U1达到第三设定值后充满，通过控制器控制对应的驱动器驱动对应的功率开关关断，以使投入的且充满电的后备电池切除投入；S4, when the mains power supply voltage U3 is restored and the current I flows in the reverse direction and the voltage U2 is normal, the backup battery is charged by the mains power supply until the voltage U1 of the backup battery reaches the third set value and is fully charged, and the corresponding driver is controlled by the controller to drive the corresponding power switch to turn off, so that the backup battery that is fully charged is disconnected and put into use; S5，若还存在后备电池的电压U1低于第三设定值时，则将电压U1最低的一路后备电池投入充电，直至充满再切除投入；S5, if there is still a backup battery whose voltage U1 is lower than the third set value, the backup battery with the lowest voltage U1 is charged until it is fully charged and then disconnected; S6，重复循环执行所述S5，直至所有备用电池充满电。S6, repeating the S5 in a loop until all backup batteries are fully charged.
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