Assembled hydrodynamics comprehensive experiment device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrodynamics, in particular to a hydrodynamics experimental device, and specifically relates to an assembled hydrodynamics comprehensive experimental device.
Background
Fluid mechanics has evolved in the human fight against nature and in production practice. Hydrodynamics not only contains the fundamental theory of natural science, but also relates to the application in engineering technology science. The contents and branches of the fluid mechanics are mainly explained from the viewpoint of the research object. Furthermore, from the perspective of fluid forces, there are classifications of hydrostatic, hydrokinematic, and hydrodynamic; from the study of different "mechanical models" there are ideal fluid dynamics, viscous fluid dynamics, incompressible fluid dynamics, compressible fluid dynamics and non-newtonian fluid dynamics, etc. In order to observe the fluid phenomenon, a fluid mechanics experimental device was developed.
The existing mature fluid mechanics experimental device has single function, and can not simultaneously carry out a Reynolds experiment, a local resistance coefficient determination experiment, a Venturi flowmeter flow measurement experiment, a pore plate flowmeter experiment, a Pitot tube experiment, a Bernoulli equation experiment, an on-way resistance coefficient determination experiment and the like in a fluid mechanics experiment. For example, in general, only experimental equipment for demonstrating a single fluid mechanics knowledge point is placed on one experiment table, that is, each experiment needs one experiment table, one set of pump and one set of water storage tank. For demonstration of fluid mechanics required for a university based on a certain type of industryThe number of the table sets can be as many as 50, and the floor area is close to 300m by adding spaces such as material preparation and the like2And the waste of resources such as teaching sites is caused. Even if some devices integrate a plurality of experiments, the time cannot be reasonably configured. On the other hand, because the difference of the different demonstration experiment degree of difficulty, the student is great in the operating time difference on different laboratory benches, and it is more to cause the less experiment idle time of the degree of difficulty, and equipment utilization such as pump, table platform is low.
The comprehensive fluid mechanics experimental device has various functions and more styles, but the existing comprehensive experimental device mainly has the following problems: the used material is expensive or the designed components have certain curvature, so that the processing difficulty is high; the components are often integrated devices and are expensive to produce individually, resulting in significant maintenance difficulties; the device can not fundamentally solve the problem of single experimental function, and only integrates a fixed number of experiments without expansibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an assembled fluid mechanics comprehensive experiment device aiming at the problems in the prior art.
The invention aims to solve the problems by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an experimental apparatus is synthesized to assembled hydrodynamics, includes experiment platform, its characterized in that: a steady flow water tank is arranged above one end of the experiment platform, a water storage tank positioned in the inner cavity of the experiment platform is arranged right below the steady flow water tank, and a water pump in the water storage tank supplies water to the steady flow water tank through a steady flow water inlet pipe; an opening is formed in an opening side wall plate, facing the other end of the experiment platform, of the steady flow water tank, and a baffle slot for inserting a corresponding experiment baffle to close the opening is formed in the inner side of the opening side wall plate; be used for installing corresponding unshared experimental subassembly on the experimental platform in this opening lateral wall board outside, and the other end downside of experimental platform is equipped with the return water filter-tank.
The baffle slot and the corresponding experimental baffle are connected by adopting a mortise and tenon structure, and the outer side wall of the baffle slot is an opening side wall plate.
The backwater filter tank is connected with the water storage tank through a backwater pipeline arranged below the experiment platform.
An arc-shaped overflow dam is arranged in the steady flow water tank, the arc-shaped overflow dam divides the inner cavity of the steady flow water tank into a steady flow area and an overflow area, and the bottom of the overflow area is communicated with the water storage tank through a steady flow water outlet pipe; a flow stabilizing mechanism is arranged in the flow stabilizing area, and a flow stabilizing water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the flow stabilizing area between the flow stabilizing mechanism and the arc-shaped overflow dam.
The flow stabilizing mechanism adopts a flow stabilizing drawer or a multi-through hole dislocation type flow stabilizing plate.
A water pump room for placing a water pump is arranged in the water storage tank, a water pumping port of the water pump extends out of the water storage tank outside the water pump room, and a water outlet of the water pump is connected with the bottom end of a steady flow water inlet pipe inserted into the water pump room; the water storage tank is provided with a digital display equipment room, and a controllable stepless speed regulator connected with the water pump through a circuit is arranged in the digital display equipment room to control the water pump.
The Reynolds baffle for Reynolds experiment is inserted into the baffle slot, the expanding side of the reducing interface of the Reynolds baffle is connected with the tracing kit arranged at the top of the steady flow water tank through the tracing reagent flow guiding pipe, the reducing side of the reducing interface is communicated with one end of the Reynolds outflow pipe, and the other end of the Reynolds outflow pipe is provided with a stepless flow valve.
Experiment platform on be equipped with the reynolds outlet pipe support and the reynolds outlet pipe baffle frame that support reynolds outlet pipe, reynolds outlet pipe baffle frame arranges the inboard at stepless flow valve.
Two karman vortex street side baffles are fixed on the experimental platform, one end of each karman vortex street side baffle is hermetically connected with the opening side wall plate, the other end of each karman vortex street side baffle is sealed by a karman vortex street outer baffle to form a closed channel with an opening at the top, and the height of the karman vortex street outer baffle fixed on the experimental platform is lower than that of the karman vortex street side baffle; the Karman vortex street spoilers arranged in the closed channel are connected with a tracing kit arranged at the top of the steady flow water tank through a tracing reagent guide pipe.
An orifice nozzle outflow baffle plate for orifice and nozzle outflow experiments is inserted into the baffle plate slot, and a conversion wheel disc with a plurality of orifice nozzles is arranged on the orifice nozzle outflow baffle plate; or the orifice nozzle outflow baffle used for the orifice and nozzle outflow experiment is inserted into the baffle slot, a conversion wheel disc with a plurality of orifice nozzles is arranged on the orifice nozzle outflow baffle, the experiment platform is fixed with two gate vortex street side baffles which are hermetically connected with the side wall plate of the opening, and the channel formed by the two gate vortex street side baffles guides the water flow of the orifice and nozzle outflow experiment to the water return filter tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the fluid mechanics comprehensive experiment device can complete different experiments by switching different experiment baffles, and can be used for a Reynolds experiment, a local resistance coefficient determination experiment, a Venturi flowmeter flow measurement experiment, a pore plate flowmeter experiment, a Pitot tube experiment, a Bernoulli equation experiment, an orifice and nozzle outflow experiment, a Karman vortex street experiment, an on-way resistance coefficient determination experiment and the like; the general parts of the comprehensive experiment device can realize modular production and research and development, the research and development cost and the production cost are low, the automation level is high, the using method is simple, the measuring result is accurate, the market popularization value is high, the equipment utilization rate is high, and the comprehensive experiment device is suitable for popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembled fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure of a box body, a steady flow drawer and a Reynolds baffle of the steady flow water tank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a matching structure of a steady flow water tank and a Karman vortex street side baffle of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a matching structure of a Reynolds baffle and a Reynolds outflow pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the orifice nozzle outflow baffle of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a conversion disk of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a baffle frame of the Reynolds outlet pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an outer baffle of a karman vortex street in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an assembly diagram of the assembled fluid mechanics comprehensive experiment device of the present invention when used in a Reynolds experiment;
FIG. 10 is an assembly diagram of the assembled fluid mechanics comprehensive experiment device of the present invention used in Karman vortex street experiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the assembled fluid mechanics integrated experimental apparatus of the present invention assembled for the outlet flow experiment of the orifice nozzle.
Wherein: 1-tracing kit; 2-Reynolds baffle; 3-tracer reagent honeycomb duct; 4-a tapered interface; 5, Reynolds outflow pipe; 6-karman vortex street side baffle; 7-Reynolds flow outlet pipe bracket; 8-Reynolds flow outlet pipe baffle frame; 9-stepless flow valve; 10, converting a wheel disc; 11-karman vortex street spoiler; 12-a backwater filter tank; 13-karman vortex street outer baffle; 14-orifice nozzle outflow baffle; 15-arc overflow dam; 16-steady flow outlet pipe; 17-steady flow water inlet pipe; 18-digital display equipment room; 19-controllable stepless speed regulator; 20-a water return pipeline; 21-no water pump room; 22-a water storage tank; 23-a water pump; 24-steady flow water tank; 25-an open side wall panel; 26-opening; 27-a baffle slot; 28-steady flow drawer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3: an assembled fluid mechanics comprehensive experiment device comprises an experiment platform, a steady flow water tank 24 is arranged above one end of the experiment platform, a water storage tank 22 positioned in an inner cavity of the experiment platform is arranged right below the steady flow water tank 24, and a water pump 23 in the water storage tank 22 supplies water to the steady flow water tank 24 through a steady flow water inlet pipe 17; an opening 26 is formed in an opening side wall plate 25, facing the other end of the experiment platform, of the steady flow water tank 24, a baffle slot 27 for inserting a corresponding experiment baffle to close the opening 26 is formed in the inner side of the opening side wall plate 25, the baffle slot 27 and the corresponding experiment baffle are connected through a mortise and tenon structure, and the outer side wall of the baffle slot 27 serves as the opening side wall plate 25; be used for installing corresponding unshared experiment subassembly on the experiment platform in this opening lateral wall 25 outside, and the other end downside of experiment platform is equipped with return water filter tank 12, and return water filter tank 12 is connected with water storage box 22 through return water pipe 20 that the experiment platform below set up.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in order to improve the performance of the steady flow water tank 24, an arc-shaped overflow dam 15 is arranged in the steady flow water tank 24, the arc-shaped overflow dam 15 divides the inner cavity of the steady flow water tank 24 into a steady flow area and an overflow area, and the bottom of the overflow area is communicated with the water storage tank 22 through a steady flow water outlet pipe 16; a steady flow mechanism is arranged in the steady flow area, and a steady flow water inlet pipe 17 is arranged at the bottom of the steady flow area between the steady flow mechanism and the arc-shaped overflow dam 15. The flow stabilizing mechanism adopts a flow stabilizing drawer 28 or a multi-through hole dislocation type flow stabilizing plate, and particles filled in the flow stabilizing drawer 28 are silica particles or spherical particles made of other materials; the steady flow drawer 28 centralizes the steady flow process, and the adjustable steady flow drawer 28 has the characteristics of easy cleaning, easy storage and easy equipment maintenance.
Furthermore, a water-free pump room 21 for placing a water pump 23 is arranged in the water storage tank 22, a water pumping port of the water pump 23 extends out of the water storage tank 22 outside the water-free pump room 21, and a water outlet of the water pump 23 is connected with the bottom end of a steady flow water inlet pipe 17 inserted into the water-free pump room 21; the water storage tank 22 is provided with a digital display equipment room 18, and a controllable stepless speed regulator 19 connected with the water pump 23 through a circuit is arranged in the digital display equipment room 18 to control the water pump 23.
The assembled fluid mechanics comprehensive experimental device provided by the invention is further illustrated by three specific experiments.
EXAMPLE A Reynolds experiment
Assembling as shown in fig. 9, inserting a reynolds baffle 2 (shown in fig. 4) for reynolds experiment at the baffle slot 27, connecting the expanding side of the tapered interface 4 of the reynolds baffle 2 with the tracer reagent kit 1 arranged at the top of the steady flow water tank 24 through the tracer reagent draft tube 3, connecting the shrinking side of the tapered interface 4 with one end of the reynolds outflow tube 5, and having a stepless flow valve 9 at the other end of the reynolds outflow tube 5; simultaneously, be equipped with reynolds play flow tube support 7 and reynolds play flow tube baffle plate frame 8 (as shown in fig. 7) that support reynolds play flow tube 5 on the experiment platform, reynolds play flow tube baffle plate frame 8 arranges the inboard at stepless flow valve 9.
The procedure of the Reynolds experiment was as follows:
(1) supplying enough water to the water storage tank 22, switching on the power supply, and starting the water pump 23 to supply water to the steady flow water tank 24 through the steady flow water inlet pipe 17;
(2) when the height of water in the steady flow water tank 24 is equal to that of the arc-shaped overflow dam 15 and the water starts overflowing, the electrodeless flow valve (9) is slightly opened to enable the Reynolds outflow pipe 5 to pass through low-flow water flow, and then a switch of the tracing kit 1 is opened to enable a tracing reagent to flow into the Reynolds outflow pipe 5;
(3) slowly increasing the flow rate by adjusting the stepless flow valve 9, and carefully observing the phenomena of laminar flow and turbulent flow;
(4) slowly adjusting the flow from small to large, and calculating and measuring the Reynolds number when the critical flow rate is reached (namely, when the flow state starts to be converted);
(5) and (5) after the experiment is finished, closing a switch of the tracing kit 1, closing the water pump 23 and disconnecting the power supply.
Example two Karman vortex street experiment
Assembling as shown in fig. 10, fixing two karman vortex street side baffles 6 on the experimental platform, wherein one end of each karman vortex street side baffle 6 is hermetically connected with an open side wall plate 25, and the other end is sealed by a karman vortex street outer baffle 13 (as shown in fig. 8) to form a closed channel with an open top, and the height of the karman vortex street outer baffle 13 fixed on the experimental platform is lower than that of the karman vortex street side baffle 6; the Karman vortex street spoilers 11 arranged in the closed channel are connected with the tracing kit 1 arranged at the top of the steady flow water tank 24 through the tracing reagent guide pipe 3.
The karman vortex street experiment comprises the following steps:
(1) supplying enough water to the water storage tank 22, switching on the power supply, and starting the water pump 23 to supply water to the steady flow water tank 24 through the steady flow water inlet pipe 17;
(2) after the outer baffle 13 of the Karman vortex street experiment starts overflowing, a switch of the tracer kit 1 is opened to enable the tracer to flow into the Karman vortex street spoiler 11 through the tracer flow guiding pipe 3, and the flow of the water pump 23 is adjusted until the Karman vortex street phenomenon shown by the tracer can be seen around the Karman vortex street spoiler 11;
(3) observing and recording the phenomenon;
(4) and (5) after the experiment is finished, closing a switch of the tracing kit 1, closing the water pump 23 and disconnecting the power supply.
Example three orifice and nozzle outflow experiment
Assembled as shown in fig. 11, an orifice nozzle outflow baffle 14 (shown in fig. 5) for orifice and nozzle outflow experiments is inserted into the baffle slot 27, and a conversion wheel disc 10 with a plurality of orifice nozzles is arranged on the orifice nozzle outflow baffle 14; or the orifice nozzle outflow baffle 14 for the orifice and nozzle outflow experiment is inserted in the baffle slot 27, a conversion wheel disc with a plurality of orifice nozzles is arranged on the orifice nozzle outflow baffle 14, two karman vortex street side baffles 6 which are hermetically connected with the opening side wall plate 25 are fixed on the experiment platform, and the water flow of the orifice and nozzle outflow experiment is guided to the water return filter tank 12 by a channel formed by the two karman vortex street side baffles 6. As shown in fig. 6, the switching wheel 10 can achieve the function of switching different orifices and nozzles and keep the height of the water outlet constant in a limited space (A, B, C is different orifice nozzles, and D is a screw fixing hole).
The orifice and nozzle outflow experiment was performed as follows:
(1) supplying enough water to the water storage tank 22, switching on the power supply, and starting the water pump 23 to supply water to the steady flow water tank 24 through the steady flow water inlet pipe 17;
(2) when the height of the water storage surface is equal to that of the arc-shaped overflow dam 15 and the overflow starts, the conversion wheel disc 10 is rotated, and the orifice or the nozzle on the conversion wheel disc 10 is aligned with the hole on the orifice nozzle outflow baffle 14;
(3) observing the flow forms of water flows of the orifices and the nozzles, wherein the flow forms of the effluent of the orifices and the nozzles are different due to different shapes and different flow resistances of the orifices and the nozzles;
(4) after the experiment, the water pump 23 is turned off and the power supply is cut off.
And (3) regulating the flow stabilizing effect of the flow stabilizing drawer: under the karman vortex street experimental device described in the second embodiment, the steady flow effect of the steady flow drawer 28 can be calibrated, a circular bullet-shaped suspension buoy with the height of 2cm is used, the suspension buoy is placed about 2cm outside the steady flow drawer 28 under the condition of water storage, and the lifting stop valve is opened, so that the fluid is in a laminar flow state. The suspension mark is placed at different heights, the acceleration of the suspension mark in 0.5s is calculated under the condition of 50Hz or 60Hz camera shooting by utilizing a camera, and the particles in the steady flow drawer 28 are adjusted to ensure that the acceleration at all heights is the same to finish the adjustment of the steady flow effect.
Compared with the existing comprehensive experiment device, the device has the advantages of clear and stable component composition, extremely low processing difficulty, lower maintenance cost, strong expansibility, capability of meeting common fluid mechanics experiment requirements, low quantity of connected pipe fittings, quick adjustment of the device and low requirement on assembly fineness. The connection of the comprehensive experimental device of the invention generally adopts a physical mode, such as a slot-in type design, for blocking water flow and separating space except for the box body part. The replaceable mortise and tenon structural connection scheme between the baffle slot 27 and the corresponding experimental baffle is flange connection, magnetic attraction connection and the like, and the mortise and tenon structure provides a general scheme for developing other experimental components based on different experimental requirements for the connection of non-shared components of different experiments; detachable baffle is like karman vortex street side shield 6, reynolds play flow tube baffle frame 8, karman vortex street outer baffle 13 chooses for use screw fixation, flange joint, anchor clamps centre gripping, magnetism to inhale connection, the fixed interface of side buckle, board formula high-speed joint etc. detachable baffle design is convenient for experimental apparatus's washing, maintenance, is accomodate and transportation.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.