CN112349083B - A multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for unattended stations in the field - Google Patents
A multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for unattended stations in the field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于野外无人值守站的多模式数据管理与通信系统，通过多种通信手段的互相备份以及在各个多模通信单元之间组建MESH网络，在多模通信单元与控制中心间组建星型网络，实现高可靠的数据通信能力，克服了现有RTU技术通信手段单一，容易出现数据终端，系统监测预警功能丧失的缺点；克服了传统通信信号感知算法对通信道质量评估容易出现虚警和漏警，通信模式切换时间过长，影响数据传输即时性和系统可靠性的缺点，通过设计一种基于心跳包数据平滑策略的信道质量快速感知算法和基于双预警门限的通信模式快速切换策略，可以有效提高对通信信道质量感知的灵敏度，并缩短通信模式切换时间。
The invention discloses a multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for unattended stations in the field. A star-shaped network is established between the centers to achieve highly reliable data communication capabilities, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing RTU technology, which is a single communication method, prone to data terminals, and the loss of system monitoring and early warning functions; overcomes the traditional communication signal perception algorithm to evaluate the quality of the communication channel It is prone to false alarms and missed alarms, and the communication mode switching time is too long, which affects the immediacy of data transmission and system reliability. By designing a channel quality fast perception algorithm based on heartbeat packet data smoothing strategy and communication based on double early warning thresholds The fast mode switching strategy can effectively improve the sensitivity of communication channel quality perception and shorten the communication mode switching time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural disaster prevention and forecast, and particularly relates to a multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for a field unattended station.
Background
China is one of the most seriously harmed countries by debris flow, two thirds of residential mountain areas face the threats of natural disasters such as landslide, debris flow, rock rolling and the like, and the countries have urgent needs for monitoring and early warning of geological disasters. In addition, in the safety monitoring field of the security monitoring of the border unattended station, the safety monitoring of heavy projects such as a dam culvert and the like, the requirement for remote monitoring and early warning is very strong.
Most of the monitoring and early warning requirements are located in field unattended areas, and equipment maintenance personnel are not easy to reach, so that the monitoring and early warning equipment is required to have higher communication reliability and stronger fault self-recovery capability.
The common monitoring and early warning system generally comprises three major parts, namely a data monitoring unit, a data acquisition and transmission unit and a control center. The data monitoring unit is used for continuously monitoring specific parameters (such as meteorological information, coordinate information, video information and the like) of a key area; the data acquisition and transmission unit is used for acquiring the monitoring data generated by the monitoring unit and transmitting the monitoring data to the control center; the control center is usually located in a user office area and used for carrying out integration analysis on data returned by each data acquisition and transmission unit so as to realize remote monitoring on key areas.
In the existing solutions of monitoring and early warning systems, a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is mostly used as a data acquisition and transmission Unit to achieve the functions of acquiring and returning monitoring point data. Most of the RTUs are equipped with 4G communication units and Beidou short message units. When the field mobile signal environment is good, monitoring data is sent to a control center at the rear end through wireless internet access service provided by a mobile operator; and when the mobile signal is unavailable, sending the monitoring data to a control center at the rear end through the Beidou short message.
The scheme has the following defects:
1) the communication scheme of 4G + big dipper short message that current RTU adopted, the communication means is more single, and local weather and communication environment are often more abominable during the calamity, and the condition that two kinds of communication modes became invalid simultaneously appears often, leads to data communication to break off, and system monitoring early warning function loses.
2) In the existing 4G communication scheme, the quality of a communication channel is sensed by sending heartbeat packets at regular time, the failure of the 4G communication mode is judged after the heartbeat packet response fails, and the system is automatically switched to a Beidou short message mode. Under the condition that the field communication signal is unstable, the switching method is likely to trigger the communication mode switching or the holding operation because of the accidental heartbeat packet loss or the successful response of the accidental heartbeat packet, so that a false alarm or a false alarm condition occurs.
3) In the existing 4G communication scheme, the system is switched to a Beidou short message mode after judging that the 4G communication mode is invalid, and if the strategy is applied to a satellite communication unit, the system is in an off-line state in the process because the starting and network access time of the satellite communication unit is long (more than 5 minutes), so that the communication instantaneity is poor, and the system reliability is reduced.
4) The length and the sending frequency of the Beidou short message are limited, only 1 message can be sent outwards every minute, the communication rate is very limited, the communication delay is large, and the requirement of monitoring and early warning on timeliness cannot be met.
5) The Beidou short message satellite is positioned on a geosynchronous orbit, and in a mountain area with the strongest debris flow monitoring demand, due to the north slope effect of the geosynchronous orbit satellite, the satellite and the short message module are shielded by the mountain, a communication link cannot be established, and the short message module fails. And the site selection of disaster monitoring points is restricted.
6) The existing RTU can only realize the functions of data acquisition and data return, does not have the capabilities of equipment working mode control and autonomous health management, and needs equipment maintenance personnel to recover to the site when equipment breaks down, so that the system maintenance difficulty is high, and the maintenance cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for a field unattended station, which overcomes the defects of the existing scheme in the aspects of single communication mode, poor communication timeliness, low system reliability and large maintenance difficulty, and solves the problems of reliable data transmission and autonomous health management of a monitoring station, so as to meet the requirement of the field unattended station on high reliability of a monitoring and early warning system.
A multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for a field unattended station comprises a plurality of multi-mode communication units distributed at different monitoring points of a key monitoring area; each multimode communication unit comprises a comprehensive electronic module and a data communication module; the integrated electronic module comprises a central control unit, a power supply management unit, a storage unit and an interface unit; the data communication module comprises an ad hoc network communication unit, a mobile communication unit, a satellite communication unit, a UHF communication unit and a Beidou short message communication unit;
the central control unit is used for realizing intelligent scheduling and comprehensive management of the multimode communication unit;
the power management unit is used for supplying power to each module in the multimode communication unit and each sensor outside the multimode communication unit and executing a power-on/off instruction sent by the central control unit;
the storage unit is used for storing and reading telemetering data, log data and external acquired data;
the interface unit is used for providing various electrical interfaces required by the normal work of the sensor for the external sensor, and comprises a power supply interface, a communication interface, an analog quantity acquisition interface and a switch control interface;
the ad hoc network communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on WLAN for the multimode communication unit and realizing bidirectional high-speed wireless data communication under the cooperation of the ad hoc network communication unit at a data receiving end;
the mobile communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on a 2G/3G/4G communication network between the multimode communication unit and the control center;
the satellite communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on a maritime satellite communication network between the multimode communication unit and the control center;
the UHF communication unit is used for providing a LORA-based wireless data transmission channel between the multi-mode communication unit and other nearby multi-mode communication units;
the Beidou short message communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on a short message satellite communication network between the multimode communication unit and the control center;
the MESH network is established among the multimode communication units through UHF communication, and a star network is formed by mobile communication, satellite communication, a Beidou short message unit and a control center.
Preferably, the central control unit is configured to implement intelligent scheduling and comprehensive management of the multimode communication unit, and includes: the remote sensing system comprises external interface control, power-on and power-off control over each sensor and each communication unit, data storage and reading control over a storage unit, data communication mode switching control over each communication unit, application layer communication protocol implementation with a control center, relay communication control over an adjacent multimode communication unit, and telemetering data acquisition and interpretation.
Preferably, the data communication mode switching control process of each communication unit by the central control unit is as follows: setting a current communication mode as A and a mode to be switched as B, under the communication mode A, sending a heartbeat packet through a channel of the communication mode A at fixed time in a time period without data sending, if a response signal is received, counting the heartbeat by +1, and when the heartbeat count reaches a maximum value N, keeping the heartbeat count unchanged; if the answer signal is not received, the heartbeat is counted to be-1; when the heartbeat count is lower than a set threshold value N1, starting the communication mode B for standby, entering a preparation state, and when the heartbeat count is recovered to be more than N1, closing the communication mode B; when the heartbeat count continues to be reduced and is lower than a set threshold value N2, switching to a communication mode B; in communication mode B, communication mode a still keeps sending heartbeat packets periodically, and switches back to communication mode a when the heartbeat count returns to N2.
Preferably, the process of the central control unit for implementing relay communication is as follows: if the communication mode with the highest priority in the available communication modes of the multi-mode communication unit is any one direct communication mode, the system enters the corresponding direct communication mode and realizes direct communication through the corresponding communication unit; and if the self-checking storage module feeds back that the communication mode with the highest priority in the available communication modes of the multi-mode communication unit is the relay communication mode, the system enters the relay communication mode.
Preferably, in the relay mode, the relay demand end broadcasts a networking request to the outside according to the role of the LORA terminal, wherein the networking request includes SN information of the target relay; after receiving the networking request, the other multimode communication units judge whether a local direct mode is available, and if the direct mode is available and is a target relay, an LORA gateway response signal is fed back to a relay demand end; if the relay demand end does not receive the response of the LORA gateway, the request is continuously sent until the response of the LORA gateway is received; after receiving the broadcast result, the selected LORA gateway enters a relay mode of the LORA gateway, receives data sent by a relay demand end according to an LORA communication protocol, and sends the data to a control center through a local direct channel; and when the relay requirement of the relay requirement end is completed, a relay ending signal needs to be sent outwards through the LORA, and the relay resource is released.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a multi-mode data management and communication system suitable for a field unattended station, which overcomes the defects that the existing RTU technology has single communication means, is easy to generate data terminals and loses the monitoring and early warning functions of the system, and realizes high-reliability data communication capability by mutually backing up various communication means and establishing an MESH network between multi-mode communication units and establishing a star network between the multi-mode communication units and a control center;
the defects that false alarms and missed alarms are easy to occur to the communication channel quality evaluation by the traditional communication signal perception algorithm, the communication mode switching time is too long, and the data transmission instantaneity and the system reliability are affected are overcome, and the sensitivity of the communication channel quality perception can be effectively improved and the communication mode switching time is shortened by designing a channel quality fast perception algorithm based on a heartbeat packet data smoothing strategy and a communication mode fast switching strategy based on double early warning thresholds;
the defects that the length and the sending frequency of the conventional Beidou short message are limited and service data with larger data volume cannot be transmitted in time are overcome, and higher communication speed and faster system response are realized by providing broadband communication means such as satellite communication, WLAN-based ad hoc network communication and the like;
the defect that a link fails due to the north slope effect of a Beidou short message, so that the layout position of a disaster monitoring point is restricted is overcome, and bidirectional communication between the multimode communication units and a control center is realized in a satellite communication blind area in a relay communication mode through an MESH network established among the multimode communication units;
the remote maintenance and autonomous health management capabilities of the multimode communication units can be realized, the system reliability is improved, and the system maintenance difficulty and maintenance cost are effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a multimode communication unit of the highly reliable multimode data management and communication system for field unattended stations according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a highly reliable multi-mode data management and communication system for field unattended stations according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a software flow chart of the high-reliability multi-mode data management and communication system for field unattended stations according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a channel quality fast sensing algorithm based on a heartbeat packet data smoothing strategy and a communication mode fast switching strategy based on dual early warning thresholds according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A high-reliability multi-mode data management and communication system (hereinafter referred to as a multi-mode communication system) which integrates a plurality of communication modes and has the capabilities of on-site environment perception, autonomous working mode switching and autonomous fault recovery is designed. The system consists of a plurality of multimode communication units distributed at different monitoring points in a key monitoring area. Each multimode communication unit comprises two parts, namely an integrated electronic module and a data transmission module. The integrated electronic module comprises a central control unit, a power supply control unit, a storage unit and an interface unit; the data communication module comprises an ad hoc network communication unit, a mobile communication unit, a satellite communication unit, a UHF communication unit and a Beidou short message communication unit. A schematic block diagram of a multimode communication unit is shown in fig. 1 and a block diagram of the entire communication system is shown in fig. 2.
In the multimode communication unit, a central control unit is used for realizing intelligent scheduling and comprehensive management of the multimode communication unit, and comprises external interface control, power-on and power-off control of each sensor and the communication unit, data storage and reading control of a storage unit, data communication mode switching control of each communication unit, application layer communication protocol realization with a control center, relay communication protocol realization with an adjacent multimode communication unit, and telemetering data acquisition and interpretation.
In order to ensure that the multi-mode communication system can establish a highly reliable two-way communication link with a control center in a complex field environment, a channel quality quick sensing algorithm based on a heartbeat packet data smoothing strategy and a communication mode quick switching strategy based on double early warning thresholds are designed in the multi-mode communication system.
The power management unit is used for supplying power to each module in the multimode communication unit and each sensor outside the multimode communication unit and executing a power-on/off command sent by the central control unit.
The storage unit is used for storing and reading the telemetry data, the log data and the externally acquired data.
The interface unit is used for providing various electrical interfaces required by the normal work of the sensor for the external sensor, and comprises a power supply interface, a communication interface, an analog quantity acquisition interface and a switch control interface.
The ad hoc network communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on the WLAN for the multimode communication unit and realizing bidirectional high-speed wireless data communication under the cooperation of the ad hoc network communication unit at a data receiving end.
The mobile communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on a 2G/3G/4G communication network between the multimode communication unit and the control center.
The satellite communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on a maritime satellite communication network between the multimode communication unit and the control center.
The UHF communication unit is used for providing a LORA-based wireless data transmission channel between the multi-mode communication unit and other nearby multi-mode communication units.
The Beidou short message communication unit is used for providing a wireless data transmission channel based on a short message satellite communication network between the multimode communication unit and the control center.
An MESH network is established among the multimode communication units through UHF communication, and a star network is formed through mobile communication, satellite communication, a Beidou short message unit and a control center, so that a high-reliability network topology structure combined with the star network is finally realized.
Example (b):
the central control unit part consists of an embedded system platform developed based on a ZYNQ7000 series chip of Xilinx company, the embedded system platform comprises two ARM core-A9 processors and an FPGA core, and the ARM and the FPGA are interconnected through an AXI high-speed bus. The driving of SPI, serial port and GPIO interface is realized through FPGA kernel, the comprehensive control of multimode communication unit is realized through Linux operation system running on the embedded platform, and the core function includes communication mode scheduling, command processing and distributing, data storage control and system monitoring. The communication mode scheduling carries out communication mode switching according to the priority set by the platform and the self-checking result; the command processing and distributing function receives the control command sent by the analysis control center through each communication unit, and executes the command or distributes the command to corresponding external equipment or communication units according to protocol convention; the data storage control function generates and stores platform log information and self-checking information, simultaneously stores external telemetering and service data, and reports data information triggered at a specific moment or a specific event according to an instruction of a control center; the system monitors and finishes system self-checking and telemetering data interpretation, and autonomously finishes the switching of the working mode according to a self-checking result and a telemetering interpretation result.
The power supply control unit comprises a power supply input interface, a plurality of power supply output interfaces and relays, the power supply input interface realizes the input of an external main power supply, and distributes power to each power supply output interface in the power supply control unit for each communication unit and an external sensor to use, a power supply filter circuit and a surge suppression circuit are designed between the power supply input interface and the output interface, before each power supply output interface, a fuse and a relay are designed, and the protection of the power supply and the power-on and power-off operation of each path of power supply output can be realized.
The storage unit is realized by a storage module on an embedded system platform, the EMMC is used as a storage medium, and the Linux operating system realizes the addressing and reading and writing operations of the storage unit.
The interface unit consists of 232 serial ports, 485 serial ports, GPIO, SPI interfaces and network ports. The 232 serial port is realized by a MAX3232 chip, the 485 serial port is realized by a MAX3485 chip and a MAX3490 chip, the GPIO and the SPI interface are realized by a 16T245 chip, the network port is realized by an Ethernet port carried by the embedded platform, and the expansion of the network port is realized by an Ethernet switch.
The data communication module part, the network bridge module based on CPE technique is selected for use to realize from the network deployment communication unit, and the mobile communication unit selects for use to support the 4G router realization of multiple mobile communication system, and the marine satellite communication terminal is selected for use to realize the satellite communication unit, and LORA communication module is selected for use to realize the UHF communication unit, and big dipper short message communication unit selects for use integrated big dipper short message communication terminal to realize. The self-networking unit, the mobile communication unit and the satellite communication unit are connected with the Ethernet switch through network cables and connected with the embedded system platform through the Ethernet switch; the UHF communication unit is designed on the embedded platform and is connected with the embedded platform through a self-defined control and data interface; the Beidou short message communication unit is connected with the embedded platform through a serial port. Each data communication module is provided with an antenna, so that the conversion of space electromagnetic wave signals and radio frequency signals is realized.
The working flow of the software part is as shown in fig. 3, after the multimode communication unit is started or reset, the system configuration table is read first, the internal module of the system is started according to the configuration table, and the internal logic is entered. The internal logic is divided into a control flow module, a communication module, a priority switching module, a data acquisition module and a self-checking storage module. Several modules run in parallel under the unified coordination of the control flow module, and the control flow module realizes command analysis and distribution; the communication module realizes the specific operation of direct communication (4 direct communication units based on ad hoc network, mobile communication, satellite communication and Beidou short message communication) and relay communication (based on UHF communication); the priority switching module realizes switching control of various communication modes; the data acquisition module realizes the acquisition of data of a serial port, an SPI and a GPI interface; the self-checking storage module realizes system self-checking, data storage and service data and telemetering data interpretation.
And in the priority switching module, a channel quality quick sensing algorithm based on a heartbeat packet data smoothing strategy and a communication mode quick switching strategy based on double early warning thresholds are adopted to realize quick switching among different communication modes. Taking the 4G and satellite communication modes as an example, in the 4G communication mode, the system sends a heartbeat packet through a 4G channel at a fixed time in a time period without data sending, if a response signal is received, it indicates that the channel at the current time is good, and the heartbeat count is +1 (if the heartbeat count has reached the maximum value N, the heartbeat count remains unchanged); if the answer signal is not received, the current time channel is unavailable, and the heartbeat is counted to be-1; when the heartbeat count is lower than a threshold value N1, the 4G signal is relatively frequently unavailable, the satellite communication module is started and enters a preparation state (when the heartbeat count is recovered to be more than N1, the satellite communication module is powered off); when the heartbeat count is lower than a threshold value N2, the 4G signal is frequently unavailable and the effective transmission of data cannot be ensured, and the system is switched to a satellite communication mode; in the guard mode, the 4G module still keeps sending the heartbeat packet periodically, and when the heartbeat count is recovered to N2, the 4G signal is considered to be recovered at the moment, and the 4G working mode is switched back.
In the communication modes, if the communication mode with the highest priority in the communication modes available for the multi-mode communication unit fed back by the self-checking storage module is any one direct communication mode, the system enters the corresponding direct communication mode and realizes direct communication through the corresponding communication unit; and if the self-checking storage module feeds back that the communication mode with the highest priority in the available communication modes of the multi-mode communication unit is the relay communication mode, the system enters the relay communication mode.
In the relay mode, the relay demand end broadcasts a networking request (namely seeking an LORA gateway) outwards according to the role of the LORA terminal, and the networking request comprises SN information of a target relay. After receiving the networking request, the other multimode communication units judge whether a local direct mode is available, and if the direct mode is available and is a target relay, an LORA gateway response signal is fed back to a relay demand end; if the relay demand end does not receive the response of the LORA gateway, the request is continuously sent until the response of the LORA gateway is received; after receiving the broadcast result, the selected LORA gateway enters a relay mode of the LORA gateway, receives data sent by a relay demand end according to an LORA communication protocol, and sends the data to a control center through a local direct channel; when the relay requirement of the relay requirement end is completed (for example, data transmission is completed, or a direct mode is recovered to be available), a relay ending signal needs to be sent out through the LORA, and the relay resource is released.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN114172559A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-11 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | An ad hoc network transmission device |
| CN114172560A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-11 | 国网福建省电力有限公司莆田供电公司 | Method for controlling fusion use of multiple communication links |
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| CN101860492A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-10-13 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for fast switching |
| CN203930813U (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-11-05 | 山东超越数控电子有限公司 | A kind of CAN bus redundancy communication system based on Godson platform |
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