CN112335489A - Preparation method of horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a substrate block for horticultural cultivation of red matsutake mushrooms, and relates to the technical field of wood-plastic board processing. The preparation method of the red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block includes eight steps of raw material preparation, stacking fermentation, paving and disinfection, layered paving, compression molding, slitting, gluing and drying molding. According to the preparation method of the red pine mushroom horticultural cultivation substrate block, the prepared red pine mushroom horticultural cultivation substrate block can be directly applied to horticultural cultivation, and holes and grooves with equal spacing and size are reserved to facilitate horticultural users to plant red pine mushroom strains, At the same time, it also avoids the situation that the subsequent growth of red matsutake mushrooms is restricted due to the different spacing of manual digging. The plastic effect is achieved by applying glue around the matrix block, which can reduce the possibility of damage due to collision during transportation. Protect it with a variety of foam materials to reduce shipping costs.

Description

Preparation method of horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wood-plastic plate processing, in particular to a preparation method of a horticultural cultivation matrix block of tricholoma matsutake.

Background

The red pine mushroom is bright in color and tender, smooth and crisp in taste, is one of ten major varieties in the international mushroom trading market, the culture medium is crop straw materials such as straw straws and wood chips, and the operations of straw fermentation, ridge stacking, seeding and the like are needed in the conventional field culture.

The tricholoma matsutake is good in taste, wine red in appearance and high in ornamental value, and along with the popularity of natural education, more families like to cultivate plants in balcony courtyards, the tricholoma matsutake is very suitable for gardening cultivation, but the substrate blocks directly applied to the tricholoma matsutake gardening cultivation in the market at present are scarce, and partial substrate blocks directly applied to the tricholoma matsutake gardening cultivation are used, users are required to dig hole grooves with certain intervals and sizes on the surface of the substrate blocks by themselves for planting tricholoma matsutake strains, the intervals of the manually-arranged hole grooves are possibly not uniform, the intervals influence the growth condition of the tricholoma matsutake for a while, the substrate blocks are fragile, are easy to damage due to collision in the transportation process, are not beneficial to popularization and use, and have low practicability no matter from the aspects of convenience in use, cultivation effect and transportation, the invention specially prepares a special substrate block for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake, the prepared horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake has the advantages of convenience in use, good cultivation effect, convenience in transportation and the like, and the problems of complicated steps and long time consumption of part of the conventional methods are solved.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake is characterized by comprising the following steps: the raw materials in the following proportion: 40-50% of straw stalk, 12-18% of corncob, 12-18% of wheat bran, 10-15% of decomposed red pine needle, 8-10% of coconut husk, 6-8% of mulberry branch sawdust and 3-5% of quicklime, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparation of raw materials: putting the rice straw with the corresponding proportion into a cutting machine after finishing, and cutting into small sections of 3-5cm to obtain rice straw section materials; putting the corncobs in the corresponding proportion into a crusher to obtain crushed corncob materials; and putting the straw stalk segment material, the corncob crushed material, wheat bran, mulberry branch scraps and quicklime in a corresponding ratio into a stirring cylinder for mixing to obtain the main matrix primary material.

S2, stacking fermentation: feeding the primary matrix material prepared by S1 into a heat-insulating chamber, stacking into 1m high matrix pile, fermenting for 3-5 days, turning over the pile for 1-3 times, watering every 11-13h, and obtaining the primary matrix blank after fermentation, wherein the temperature in the heat-insulating chamber is controlled at 30-40 ℃.

S3, paving and disinfecting: and (3) moving the main substrate blank prepared in the step (S2) out of the heat preservation chamber, stacking the main substrate blank in a ventilated and cool place, dividing the main substrate blank into two parts, respectively spreading the two parts into cuboid piles with the thickness of 10-15cm and 7-9cm, uniformly spraying disinfectant water to the two parts of piles by using a sprayer for disinfection, and standing for 1-2 hours after disinfection.

S4, layered paving: uniformly paving the decomposed red pine needles with the corresponding proportion on the surface of one thicker main matrix blank in the S3, wherein the paving thickness is 3-5cm, paving the other thinner main matrix blank in the S3 on the surface of the decomposed red pine needles, and finally paving the coconut husk with the corresponding proportion on the surface of the main matrix blank, wherein the paving thickness is 2-4cm to obtain a matrix block initial material.

S5, compression molding: mechanically pressing the initial material of the matrix block prepared in the die press stack S4 at a compression ratio of 4-5: 1, the pressing mould is provided with cylindrical bulges with the length of 3-5cm and the distance of 5 x 10cm, the diameter of 2cm, and the pressed lump material surface forms a hole groove to obtain a substrate block plate material, the distance and the size of the hole grooves are equal, so that a user can conveniently plant the tricholoma matsutake strains, the condition that the growth of the follow-up tricholoma matsutake is limited due to the different distances among the hole grooves is avoided, and the guarantee is provided for the growth quality of the tricholoma matsutake.

S6, slitting: and (5) placing the substrate block plate prepared in the step (S5) on a cutting table of a cutting machine, and cutting the substrate block plate according to a specified specification to obtain the substrate block material.

S7, sizing: glue is injected into the glue coating machine, the glue coating machine is used for uniformly coating the glue on the periphery of the substrate block material prepared in the S6, the plastic effect is achieved, the possibility that the substrate block material is damaged due to collision in the transportation process can be reduced, various foam materials are not needed to be used for protecting the substrate block material, the transportation cost is reduced, and unnecessary economic loss of merchants is reduced.

S8, drying and forming: and (3) placing the substrate block materials glued in the step (S7) on a drying rack of a drying chamber, drying for 20-30min at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ in the drying chamber to obtain the finished product of the tricholoma matsutake gardening cultivation substrate block, stacking the finished product in a packaging box, and packaging.

Preferably, the disinfectant fluid in S3 includes the following raw materials: 20-25% of chlorine dioxide, 10-15% of hydrogen peroxide, 6-8% of phoxim, 3-5% of ozone, 3-5% of sodium hypochlorite and the balance of water, and adopts oxidation disinfectant fluid, so that the disinfectant fluid has the characteristics of quick action, strong effect and easiness in dispersion, and can kill bacteria and pests generated in the fermentation process of the substrate block.

Preferably, the glue in the S7 mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12% of galactomannan, 8-12% of agar, 3-5% of cellulose, 1-3% of thickening agent, 1-2% of protein and the balance of water, and the coated glue adopts an aldehyde-free formula, has good protection performance, does not cause harm to matrix blocks, the surrounding environment and people, and is healthy and environment-friendly.

Preferably, the rotation speed of the crushing blade of the crusher in the S1 is 1200r/min, the crushing time of the corncobs is 18-24min, the rotation speed of the stirring blade of the stirring cylinder is 500r/min, and the blending and stirring time is 15-25 min.

Preferably, the glue layer thickness of the glue applied in S7 is 0.8-1.6mm, and the glue should be prevented from adhering to the top and bottom of the substrate block.

Preferably, after the sterilization treatment of S3, the main substrate blank may be dried by ventilation using an exhaust fan, a fan, or other devices, so as to shorten the standing time and increase the speed of dispersing the sterilizing water, thereby preventing the residual sterilizing water from harming the growth of the tricholoma matsutake.

Preferably, the moisture content of the plate material of the substrate block obtained after the S5 treatment is controlled to be 22-26%, and the moisture content of the finished product of the tricholoma matsutake gardening cultivation substrate block obtained after the S8 treatment is controlled to be 5-7%.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of the horticultural cultivation medium block for the tricholoma matsutake, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the preparation method of the matrix block for the horticultural cultivation of the red pine mushrooms comprises the steps of preparing the matrix block for the horticultural cultivation of the red pine mushrooms, wherein the prepared matrix block for the horticultural cultivation of the red pine mushrooms is small in size and can be directly applied to the horticultural cultivation, reserving hole grooves with equal intervals and sizes on the matrix block, putting the matrix block into a foam box or other boxes by a user, sprinkling water to fully absorb water and expand the matrix block, breaking strains into small blocks and putting the small blocks into the hole grooves, covering the small blocks with coconut residues to finish the cultivation operation, avoiding manual setting, solving a big trouble of the user, compared with most of matrix blocks for the horticultural cultivation of the red pine mushrooms on the market, being more convenient and practical, avoiding the situation that the growth of the subsequent red pine mushrooms is limited due to the different interval of the hole grooves, providing guarantee for the growth quality of the red pine mushrooms, setting the hole grooves along with the compression molding step, changing the size of the hole grooves only by changing the protruding specifications of the cylinders on a pressing mold, different requirements of different customers are met, and the practicability and the application range are improved.

2. This preparation method of red pine antler horticulture cultivation matrix piece, quick lime has been added in main matrix raw materials, can accelerate matrix fermentation speed, and then shorten the production of matrix piece consuming time, promote production efficiency, the corruption red pine needle that has strong acidity has been added at matrix piece middle level simultaneously, can neutralize the acid-base nature of matrix piece, the corruption pine needle plays loose ventilative and certain water retaining's effect simultaneously, reinforcing red pine antler root system respiration, rice straw, the interpolation of various materials such as corncob, provide sufficient nutrient element at the in-process that red pine antler grows, promote the cultivation effect of matrix piece, do benefit to popularization and use.

3. The preparation method of the culture medium block for the tricholoma matsutake horticulture coats the periphery of the medium block to solidify the medium block, achieves a plastic effect, can reduce the possibility of damage caused by collision in the transportation process, does not need to use various foam materials to protect the medium block, reduces the transportation cost, reduces unnecessary economic loss of merchants, improves the user experience, adopts a formaldehyde-free formula for the coated glue, has good protection performance, does not harm the medium block, the surrounding environment and people, is healthy and environment-friendly, meanwhile, in the step of disinfection, the oxidation disinfectant is adopted, the sterilization disinfectant has the characteristics of quick action, strong effect and easiness in dispersion, bacteria and pests generated in the fermentation process of the substrate block are killed, and the sterilization disinfectant is also subjected to ventilation treatment after being sprayed so as to prevent the residual disinfectant from harming the growth of the tricholoma matsutake and further improve the quality of the substrate block.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows: a preparation method of a horticultural cultivation matrix block of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps: the raw materials in the following proportion: 40% of straw stalk, 15% of corncob, 15% of wheat bran, 15% of decomposed red pine needle, 8% of coconut husk, 3% of mulberry branch sawdust and 3% of quicklime, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, preparing raw materials: putting the rice straw with the corresponding proportion into a cutting machine after finishing, and cutting the rice straw into small sections of 3cm to obtain rice straw section materials; putting the corncobs in the corresponding proportion into a crusher to obtain crushed corncob materials; putting the straw stalk segment material, the corncob crushed material and wheat bran, mulberry branch scraps and quicklime in corresponding proportion into a stirring cylinder for mixing to obtain a main matrix primary material; step two, stacking fermentation: feeding the primary matrix material prepared in the S1 into a heat preservation chamber, stacking into a 1m high matrix pile, fermenting for 3 days, turning the pile for 1 time, watering once every 11h, obtaining a primary matrix blank after fermentation is finished, and controlling the temperature in the heat preservation chamber to be 30 ℃; step three, paving and disinfecting: removing the main substrate blank prepared in the step S2 from the heat preservation chamber, stacking the main substrate blank in a ventilated and cool place, dividing the main substrate blank into two parts, respectively spreading the two parts into cuboid piles with the thickness of 10cm and 7cm, uniformly spraying disinfectant water to the two parts of piles by using a sprayer for disinfection, and standing for 1h after disinfection; step four, layering and paving: uniformly paving the decomposed red pine needles in the corresponding proportion on the surface of one thicker main matrix blank in the S3, wherein the paving thickness is 3cm, paving the other thinner main matrix blank in the S3 on the surface of the decomposed red pine needles, and finally paving the coconut coir in the corresponding proportion on the surface of the main matrix blank, wherein the paving thickness is 2cm, so as to obtain a primary matrix block material; step five, compression molding: the matrix block precursor prepared in the die press stack S4 was mechanically pressed at a compression ratio of 4: 1, arranging cylindrical bulges with the length of 3cm and the diameter of 2cm at intervals of 5 x 10cm on a pressing mould, and forming a hole groove on the surface of a pressed block to obtain a substrate block plate; step six, slitting: placing the substrate block plate prepared in the step S5 on a cutting table of a cutting machine, and cutting the substrate block plate according to a specified specification to obtain a substrate block material; step seven, gluing: injecting glue into the glue spreader, and uniformly spreading the glue on the periphery of the substrate block prepared in the S6 by using the glue spreader; step eight, drying and forming: and (3) placing the substrate block materials subjected to gluing in the step (S7) on a drying rack of a drying chamber, drying for 20min at the temperature of 60 ℃ in the drying chamber to obtain the finished product of the medium blocks for the gardening cultivation of the tricholoma matsutake, and stacking the finished product in a packaging box for packaging.

The disinfectant fluid in the S3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20% of chlorine dioxide, 10% of hydrogen peroxide, 6% of phoxim, 3% of ozone, 3% of sodium hypochlorite and the balance of water, wherein the glue in S7 mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: galactomannan 8%, agar 8%, cellulose 3%, thickening agent 1%, protein 1% and the balance of water.

The rotation speed of a crushing blade of a crusher in S1 is 1200r/min, the crushing time of the corncobs is 18min, the rotation speed of a stirring blade of a stirring drum is 500r/min, the batching and stirring time is 15min, the thickness of a glue layer coated with glue in S7 is 0.8mm, glue adhesion on the top and the bottom of a matrix block is avoided during coating, an exhaust fan, a fan and other equipment can be used for assisting in ventilation drying of a matrix blank after disinfection treatment of S3, the standing time is properly shortened, the water content of the matrix block plate obtained after treatment of S5 is controlled at 22%, and the water content of a finished product of the tricholoma gambir shavings cultivation matrix block obtained after treatment of S8 is controlled at 5%.

Example two: a preparation method of a horticultural cultivation matrix block of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps: the raw materials in the following proportion: 45% of straw stalk, 13% of corncob, 13% of wheat bran, 12% of decomposed red pine needle, 9% of coconut husk, 6% of mulberry branch sawdust and 2% of quicklime, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, preparing raw materials: putting the rice straw with the corresponding proportion into a cutting machine after finishing, and cutting the rice straw into 4cm small sections to obtain rice straw section materials; putting the corncobs in the corresponding proportion into a crusher to obtain crushed corncob materials; putting the straw stalk segment material, the corncob crushed material and wheat bran, mulberry branch scraps and quicklime in corresponding proportion into a stirring cylinder for mixing to obtain a main matrix primary material; step two, stacking fermentation: feeding the primary matrix material prepared in the S1 into a heat preservation chamber, stacking into a 1m high matrix pile, fermenting for 4 days, turning over the pile for 2 times, watering once every 12h, obtaining a primary matrix blank after fermentation is finished, and controlling the temperature in the heat preservation chamber to be 35 ℃; step three, paving and disinfecting: removing the main substrate blank prepared in the step S2 from the heat preservation chamber, stacking the main substrate blank in a ventilated and cool place, dividing the main substrate blank into two parts, respectively spreading the two parts into cuboid piles with the thickness of 12.5cm and 8cm, uniformly spraying disinfectant water to the two piled materials by using a sprayer for disinfection, and standing for 1.5 hours after disinfection; step four, layering and paving: uniformly paving the decomposed red pine needles in the corresponding proportion on the surface of one thicker main matrix blank in the S3, wherein the paving thickness is 4cm, paving the other thinner main matrix blank in the S3 on the surface of the decomposed red pine needles, and finally paving the coconut coir in the corresponding proportion on the surface of the main matrix blank, wherein the paving thickness is 3cm, so as to obtain a primary matrix block material; step five, compression molding: the matrix block precursor prepared in the die press stack S4 was mechanically pressed at a compression ratio of 4.5: 1, arranging cylindrical bulges with the length of 4cm and the diameter of 2cm at intervals of 5 x 10cm on a pressing mould, and forming a hole groove on the surface of a pressed block to obtain a substrate block plate; step six, slitting: placing the substrate block plate prepared in the step S5 on a cutting table of a cutting machine, and cutting the substrate block plate according to a specified specification to obtain a substrate block material; step seven, gluing: injecting glue into the glue spreader, and uniformly spreading the glue on the periphery of the substrate block prepared in the S6 by using the glue spreader; step eight, drying and forming: and (3) placing the substrate block materials subjected to gluing in the step (S7) on a drying rack of a drying chamber, drying for 25min at the temperature of 65 ℃ in the drying chamber to obtain the finished product of the medium blocks for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake into garden, stacking the finished product in a packaging box and packaging.

The disinfectant fluid in the S3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22.5% of chlorine dioxide, 12.5% of hydrogen peroxide, 7% of phoxim, 4% of ozone, 4% of sodium hypochlorite and the balance of water, wherein the glue in S7 mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10% of galactomannan, 10% of agar, 4% of cellulose, 2% of thickening agent, 1.5% of protein and the balance of water.

The rotation speed of a crushing blade of a crusher in S1 is 1200r/min, the crushing time of corn cobs is 21min, the rotation speed of a stirring blade of a stirring drum is 500r/min, the batching and stirring time is 20min, the thickness of a glue layer coated with glue in S7 is 1.2mm, glue adhesion on the top and the bottom of a matrix block is avoided during coating, an exhaust fan, a fan and other equipment can be used for assisting in ventilation drying of a matrix blank after disinfection treatment of S3, the standing time is properly shortened, the water content of the matrix block plate obtained after treatment of S5 is controlled at 24%, and the water content of a finished product of the tricholoma matsutake gardening cultivation matrix block obtained after treatment of S8 is controlled at 6%.

Example three: a preparation method of a horticultural cultivation matrix block of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps: the raw materials in the following proportion: 50% of straw stalk, 12% of corncob, 12% of wheat bran, 10% of decomposed red pine needle, 8% of coconut husk, 6% of mulberry branch sawdust and 2% of quicklime, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, preparing raw materials: putting the rice straw with the corresponding proportion into a cutting machine after finishing, and cutting the rice straw into 5cm small sections to obtain rice straw section materials; putting the corncobs in the corresponding proportion into a crusher to obtain crushed corncob materials; putting the straw stalk segment material, the corncob crushed material and wheat bran, mulberry branch scraps and quicklime in corresponding proportion into a stirring cylinder for mixing to obtain a main matrix primary material; step two, stacking fermentation: feeding the primary matrix material prepared in the S1 into a heat preservation chamber, stacking into a 1m high matrix pile, fermenting for 5 days, turning over the pile for 3 times, watering once every 13h, obtaining a primary matrix blank after fermentation is finished, and controlling the temperature in the heat preservation chamber to be 40 ℃; step three, paving and disinfecting: removing the main substrate blank prepared in the step S2 from the heat preservation chamber, stacking the main substrate blank in a ventilated and cool place, dividing the main substrate blank into two parts, respectively spreading the two parts into cuboid piles with the thickness of 15cm and 9cm, uniformly spraying disinfectant water to the two parts of piles by using a sprayer for disinfection, and standing for 2 hours after disinfection; step four, layering and paving: uniformly paving the decomposed red pine needles with the corresponding proportion on the surface of one thicker main matrix blank in the step S3, wherein the paving thickness is 5cm, paving the other thinner main matrix blank in the step S3 on the surface of the decomposed red pine needles, and finally paving the coconut coir with the corresponding proportion on the surface of the main matrix blank, wherein the paving thickness is 4cm, so as to obtain a primary matrix block material; step five, compression molding: the matrix block precursor prepared in the die press stack S4 was mechanically pressed at a compression ratio of 5: 1, arranging cylindrical bulges with the length of 5cm and the diameter of 2cm at intervals of 5 x 10cm on a pressing mould, and forming a hole groove on the surface of a pressed block to obtain a substrate block plate; step six, slitting: placing the substrate block plate prepared in the step S5 on a cutting table of a cutting machine, and cutting the substrate block plate according to a specified specification to obtain a substrate block material; step seven, gluing: injecting glue into the glue spreader, and uniformly spreading the glue on the periphery of the substrate block prepared in the S6 by using the glue spreader; step eight, drying and forming: and (3) placing the substrate block materials subjected to gluing in the step (S7) on a drying rack of a drying chamber, drying for 30min at the temperature of 70 ℃ in the drying chamber to obtain the finished product of the medium blocks for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake into garden, stacking the finished product in a packaging box and packaging.

The disinfectant fluid in the S3 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25% of chlorine dioxide, 15% of hydrogen peroxide, 8% of phoxim, 5% of ozone, 5% of sodium hypochlorite and the balance of water, wherein the glue in S7 mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: galactomannan 12%, agar 12%, cellulose 5%, thickening agent 3%, protein 2% and the balance water.

The rotation speed of a crushing blade of a crusher in S1 is 1200r/min, the crushing time of the corncobs is 24min, the rotation speed of a stirring blade of a stirring drum is 500r/min, the batching and stirring time is 25min, the thickness of a glue layer coated with glue in S7 is 1.6mm, glue adhesion on the top and the bottom of a matrix block is avoided during coating, an exhaust fan, a fan and other equipment can be used for assisting in ventilation drying of a matrix blank after disinfection treatment of S3, the standing time is properly shortened, the water content of the matrix block plate obtained after treatment of S5 is controlled at 26%, and the water content of a finished product of the tricholoma matsutake gardening cultivation matrix block obtained after treatment of S8 is controlled at 7%.

It can be seen from this that: the method adds the quicklime in the main matrix raw material, can accelerate the matrix fermentation speed, further shorten the production time of the matrix block, improve the production efficiency, simultaneously adds the decomposed red pine needles with strong acidity in the middle layer of the matrix block, can neutralize the acidity and alkalinity of the matrix block, simultaneously plays the effects of loosening, ventilation and certain water retention, enhances the respiration of the red pine mushroom root system, can directly apply the prepared matrix block to gardening cultivation, simultaneously reserves the hole grooves with equal distance and size, solves a great trouble of a user, is more convenient and practical compared with most of red pine mushroom gardening cultivation matrix blocks on the market, simultaneously avoids the condition that the growth of the subsequent red pine mushrooms is limited due to the non-uniform distance between the hole grooves, provides guarantee for the growth quality of the red pine mushrooms, coats the periphery of the matrix block with glue to solidify the matrix block, achieves the plasticity effect, and can reduce the possibility of damage of the matrix block due to collision in the transportation process, and various foam materials are not needed to be used for protecting the container, so that the transportation cost is reduced.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. a preparation method of red pine mushroom horticultural cultivation matrix block, is characterized in that, comprises: the raw material of following proportioning: straw 40-50%, corncob 12-18%, wheat bran 12-18%, rotten red pine needles 10-15%, 8-10% of coconut bran, 3-8% of mulberry branch chips and 2-5% of quicklime, the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: S1, raw material preparation: put the corresponding proportion of straw stalks into the cutting machine after finishing, and cut into 3-5cm pieces to obtain the straw stalk material; put the corresponding proportion of corncob into the pulverizer to obtain corncob scraps; The rice straw stalks and corncob fragments and the corresponding proportions of wheat bran, mulberry branch chips and quicklime are put into the mixing drum for mixing to obtain the primary base material. S2, stacking fermentation: The main substrate prepared by S1 is sent into the insulation room and piled into a 1m high substrate pile, and fermented for 3-5 days, during which the pile is turned 1-3 times, watered once every 11-13 hours, and the fermentation is carried out. After completion, the main matrix blank is obtained, and the temperature in the heat preservation chamber is controlled at 30-40°C. S3. Paving and disinfection: remove the main matrix blanks prepared in S2 from the holding room and stack them in a ventilated and cool place, divide the main matrix blanks into two parts, and spread the two parts into 10-15cm and 7-9cm thick cuboid piles respectively. Use a sprayer to spray disinfectant water evenly on the two stacks for disinfection, and let stand for 1-2 hours after disinfection. S4. Layered paving: Evenly spread the corroded red pine needles of the corresponding proportion on the surface of a thicker part of the main matrix blank in S3, and the paving thickness is 3-5cm, and then pave the thin layer in S3. The other part of the main matrix blank is spread on the surface of the decomposed red pine needles, and finally the corresponding proportion of coconut bran is spread on the surface of this part of the main matrix blank, and the paving thickness is 2-4cm to obtain the initial material of the matrix block. S5. Compression molding: use the raw material of the matrix block prepared in the molding press stack S4 to carry out mechanical compression, the compression ratio is 4-5:1, and the compression mold is provided with 5*10cm spacing, 2cm diameter, 3-5cm long cylinders The surface of the pressed block material forms holes and grooves to obtain a matrix block plate material. S6. Slitting: place the matrix block sheet prepared in S5 on the cutting table of the cutting machine, and cut it according to the specified specifications to obtain the matrix block material. S7, gluing: inject glue into the gluing machine, and use the gluing machine to apply glue evenly around the matrix block prepared in S6. S8. Drying and molding: place the glue-coated matrix block in S7 on the drying rack of the drying room, and dry it for 20-30 minutes. The temperature in the drying room is 60-70°C. The finished matsutake horticultural substrate block is palletized in a box for packaging. 2. the preparation method of a kind of red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the disinfectant water in described S3 comprises the raw material of following proportioning: chlorine dioxide 20-25%, hydrogen peroxide 10-15%, phoxim 6-8%, ozone 3-5%, sodium hypochlorite 3-5% and the balance of water. 3. the preparation method of a kind of red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the glue in described S7 mainly comprises the raw material of following proportioning: galactomannan 8-12%, lithospermum 8-12% of gum, 3-5% of cellulose, 1-3% of thickener, 1-2% of protein and the balance of water. 4. the preparation method of a kind of red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described S1, the rotating speed of pulverizer pulverizing blade is 1200r/min, and the corncob pulverizing time is 18-24min, stirring The rotating speed of the drum stirring blade is 500r/min, and the mixing time of the ingredients is 15-25min. 5. the preparation method of a kind of red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the glue layer thickness of coating glue in described S7 is 0.8-1.6mm, should avoid the substrate block top during coating and glue on the bottom. 6. the preparation method of a kind of red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after described S3 sterilization treatment, equipment such as exhaust fan, fan can be used to assist main substrate blanks to carry out ventilation and drying, appropriately shortening. Rest time. 7. the preparation method of a kind of red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the substrate block sheet moisture content that obtains after described S5 treatment is controlled at 22-26%, and S8 obtains after treatment The moisture content of the finished product of the red matsutake horticultural cultivation substrate block should be controlled at 5-7%.