CN112331371B - Nuclear reactor plate type fuel stream melting and transferring behavior experimental device and method - Google Patents
Nuclear reactor plate type fuel stream melting and transferring behavior experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112331371B CN112331371B CN202011202471.2A CN202011202471A CN112331371B CN 112331371 B CN112331371 B CN 112331371B CN 202011202471 A CN202011202471 A CN 202011202471A CN 112331371 B CN112331371 B CN 112331371B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种核反应堆板型燃料溪状流熔化迁移行为实验装置及方法，该装置包括加热炉、激光装置、支撑座、板型燃料模拟件、真空泵、控制系统。加热炉内部恒温区最高温度可达600℃，侧壁面开有透明视窗；激光装置分为激光发射装置和激光接收装置。支撑座用于固定板型燃料模拟件，并调整其角度；板型燃料模拟件由存在开孔的包壳和芯体组成；真空泵用于将加热炉抽真空；控制系统与热电偶、加热炉、激光测速装置相连，可根据加热炉恒温区升温速率调整加热炉功率，记录板型燃料模拟件升温速率、芯体发生熔化的时间，记录溪状流流动形态，计算溪状流流速。实验装置能够研究板型燃料的熔化行为以及不同包壳开孔尺寸、形状下的熔融物溪状流迁移特性。
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for the melting and migration behavior of a nuclear reactor plate fuel stream. The device comprises a heating furnace, a laser device, a support seat, a plate fuel simulation piece, a vacuum pump and a control system. The maximum temperature of the constant temperature zone inside the heating furnace can reach 600℃, and a transparent window is opened on the side wall; the laser device is divided into a laser transmitter and a laser receiver. The support base is used to fix the plate-type fuel simulation part and adjust its angle; the plate-type fuel simulation part is composed of a cladding and a core body with openings; the vacuum pump is used to evacuate the heating furnace; the control system is connected with the thermocouple, the heating furnace The power of the heating furnace can be adjusted according to the heating rate of the constant temperature zone of the heating furnace, the heating rate of the plate-type fuel simulation piece, the time when the core body melts, the flow pattern of the stream-like flow, and the flow rate of the stream-like flow can be calculated. The experimental device can study the melting behavior of the plate fuel and the flow characteristics of the melt stream under different cladding opening sizes and shapes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactor plate type fuel stream melting and migration behavior experiments, and particularly relates to a nuclear reactor plate type fuel stream melting and migration behavior experiment device and an experiment method.
Background
The plate type fuel of the nuclear reactor consists of a core body, a frame, an upper cladding plate and a lower cladding plate, has the advantages of good heat transfer characteristic, good thermal stability and the like, and can greatly improve the power-volume ratio of the core. However, relevant experimental research shows that when accidents happen to a nuclear power plant, if the accidents happen in a timely manner, plate-type fuel can be melted, and serious accidents are caused. At present, the research on the behavior of plate type fuel under serious accidents at home and abroad is less.
Because the core of the plate-type fuel is likely to melt before the cladding, when the cladding has a breach due to radiation embrittlement, bubbling, thermal stress and the like, the melt of the core flows out of the breach and migrates to the lower part of the core, and a special stream-shaped flow melting migration phenomenon is formed. The molten migration of the melt can affect the decay heat distribution in the reactor core, cause the blockage of a flow passage, possibly form an in-reactor molten pool and threaten the safety of the reactor. Therefore, it is necessary to experimentally study the melt migration behavior of the plate-type fuel stream.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nuclear reactor plate type fuel stream melting and transferring behavior experimental device and an experimental method, which are used for researching the melting behavior of plate type fuel and the melt stream transferring characteristics of melts in different cladding opening sizes and shapes, developing a corresponding mechanism model based on experimental results and providing reference for making serious accident relieving measures of a plate type fuel reactor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a nuclear reactor plate type fuel stream melting migration behavior experimental device comprises a heating furnace 1, wherein a shell of the heating furnace 1 is sequentially composed of an internal heating layer 2, an intermediate heat-insulating layer 3 and a shell 4 from inside to outside, and high-temperature-resistant quartz glass windows 5 are arranged on two sides of the shell of the heating furnace (1); a constant temperature area 6 with stable temperature exists in the heating furnace 1; the supporting seat 7 and the plate type fuel simulation piece 8 are placed in the constant temperature area 6; a K-type thermocouple 9 is arranged in the constant temperature area 6; the supporting seat 7 consists of a base 10 and a rotatable fixing frame 12 connected to the base 10 through bolts 11; the plate type fuel simulator 8 is placed in the supporting seat 7 and consists of a lower cladding 13, an upper cladding 15 with an opening 14, an intermediate frame 16 positioned between the lower cladding (13) and the end part of the upper cladding (15) and a core 17 positioned between the lower cladding (13), the upper cladding (15) and the intermediate frame (16), a K-type thermocouple wire 18 is attached to the surface of the upper cladding 15, and a molten substance 19 flows out of the opening 14 after the plate type fuel simulator 8 is melted; the laser device is divided into a laser emitting device 20 and a laser receiving device 21, the laser emitting device 20 and the laser receiving device 21 are respectively arranged at two sides of the heating furnace 1, and a laser beam 22 emitted by the laser emitting device 20 penetrates through the high-temperature resistant quartz glass window 5 and passes through a melt migration path to reach the laser receiving device 21; the laser can be blocked in the stream flowing process of the melt 19, and the melt can also flow out of the laser beam flow channel, and the laser receiving device 21 can detect the position and the blocking time point of the blocked laser beam 22; the vacuum pump 23 pumps the gas in the heating furnace 1 to the gas storage tank 25 through the first exhaust duct 24; a ball valve 26 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline 24; the heating furnace 1 is connected with a gas storage tank 25 through a safety valve 27; argon is filled into the heating furnace 1 through an argon bottle 28 through a charging pipeline 29, a reducing valve 30 is arranged at the outlet of the argon bottle, and a ball valve 26 is arranged on the charging pipeline 29; a buffer tank 31 is arranged in the middle of the inflation pipeline; the K-type thermocouple 9, the K-type thermocouple wire 18, the laser receiving device 21 and the heating furnace 1 are connected with a control system 32; the control system 32 can adjust the power of the heating furnace 1 according to the temperature rising rate in the heating furnace 1 measured by the K-type thermocouple 9, record the temperature of the plate-type fuel simulation piece 8, and calculate the migration form, speed and thickness of the molten material 19 stream according to the time point of blocking the laser beam 22 by the molten material 19, the time point of flowing out of the light path of the laser beam 22, the position of the blocked laser beam 22 and the position of the laser beam which arrives at the laser receiving device 21 again; the heating furnace 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 33 which can detect the pressure in the heating furnace 1; the air storage tank 25 is communicated with the external environment through a second exhaust pipeline 34 provided with a ball valve 26 and a pressure relief pipeline 35 provided with a safety valve 27; the experimental device can be used for researching the melting characteristics of the core body 17 of the nuclear reactor plate type fuel simulation piece with different inclination angles and the migration characteristics of the molten material 19 stream thickness, flow velocity and the like under different sizes and shapes of the opening 14.
The plate type fuel simulation piece 8 is rectangular in overall appearance and 200mm in height; the thickness of the lower cladding 13 and the upper cladding 15 is 0.5mm, and the width is 100 mm; the core body 17 is 1mm thick, 8mm wide and 96mm high, and is placed in the center of the lower cladding 13 and the upper cladding 15, and the core body 17 is surrounded by the intermediate lattice 16; the shape and size of the opening 14 can be set freely.
The base 10 and the rotatable fixing frame 12 of the supporting seat 7 are made of stainless steel; the base 10 is connected with the heating furnace 1 through bolts; the lower cladding 13, the upper cladding 15 and the intermediate lattice 16 of the plate-type fuel simulator 8 are made of stainless steel, and the core 17 is made of zinc metal.
The laser emitting device 20 can emit laser to penetrate through the high-temperature-resistant quartz glass window 5, the diameter of a single laser beam is 0.05mm, the laser interval in the horizontal direction is 0.05mm, the laser interval in the height direction is 10mm, the distance between the laser of the uppermost layer and the laser of the lowermost layer is 200mm, and the distance between the laser of the innermost layer and the laser of the outermost layer is 1 mm. The plate-type fuel simulator 8 is closely attached with the innermost laser, and the laser emitting device 20 and the laser receiving device 21 are arranged according to the requirement of the position of the laser beam 22 parallel to the plane of the plate-type fuel simulator 8.
According to the experimental method of the experimental device for the melting and migration behavior of the plate-type fuel stream of the nuclear reactor, before an experiment begins, the rotatable fixing frame 12 of the supporting seat 7 is adjusted to a specified inclination angle, the bolt 11 is screwed, the plate-type fuel simulation piece 8 is placed in the rotatable fixing frame 12, the supporting seat 7 is placed in the constant temperature area 6 of the heating furnace 1, and the connecting bolt of the rotatable fixing frame 12 and the base 10 is screwed. In the experimental preheating stage, the temperature of the constant temperature zone 6 of the heating furnace 1 is raised to 200 ℃ within 10-20min, then the gas in the heating furnace 1 is vacuumized by the vacuum pump 23 to prevent the gas in the later high temperature stage from oxidizing the melt, and the argon bottle 28 fills the argon into the heating furnace 1 until the pressure reaches 0.095 MPa. After 3-5 rounds of repeated air extraction and argon filling, the constant temperature area 6 is rapidly heated to 450 ℃, then the heating rate is adjusted, the constant temperature area 6 is slowly heated at the speed of 1 ℃/min until the core body 17 is melted, the melt 19 flows out of the upper cladding 15 through the opening 14, the laser beam 22 is blocked, the time point when the first laser beam is blocked is the melting time point of the core body 17, and the temperature measured by the K-type thermocouple wire 18 is recorded. After the core 17 is melted, the control system 32 continuously adjusts the power of the heating furnace to make the temperature of the constant temperature area 6 basically stable. The melt 19 will block the laser beam 22 during its downward travel in a stream and will also flow out of the path of the laser beam 22. Laser receiver 21 records the point in time at which melt 19 blocks laser beam 22, the point in time at which the laser beam 22 exits the path of laser beam 22, the position of blocked laser beam 22, and the position of laser beam 22 that re-reaches laser receiver 21, and passes to control system 32, and control system 32 records the stream migration pattern of melt 19, calculates its migration velocity, and stream thickness. When the interrupted laser beam 22 does not change within 20min, the flow of the melt 19 is considered to reach a stable state, and the heating furnace 1 is adjusted to zero power to slowly cool the melt; after the experiment is finished, through analyzing the experimental result, the melting behavior mechanism of the nuclear reactor plate type fuel with different inclination angles and the migration behavior mechanism of the melt 19 stream thickness, flow velocity and the like under different sizes and shapes of the opening 14 are revealed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the supporting seat of the experimental device can adjust the angle of the fixing frame, and can research the melting behavior mechanism of nuclear reactor plate type fuels with different inclination angles.
2. The experimental apparatus used a laser apparatus, and flow characteristics such as a stream migration pattern, a migration speed, and a stream thickness of the melt were obtained.
3. The open pore of the cladding of the experimental device can be randomly specified, and the plate type fuel stream migration behavior mechanism under different open pore sizes and shapes can be researched.
4. The heating furnace is internally provided with a safety valve, and when the heating furnace is in overpressure, gas can be discharged into an external gas storage tank, so that the safety is better.
5. The experimental device adopts a modular design, is convenient to install and disassemble, and can carry out multiple groups of experimental working conditions in a short time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for melting migration behavior of a plate-type fuel stream of a nuclear reactor.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a support of an experimental apparatus for melting migration behavior of a plate-type fuel stream of a nuclear reactor.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plate-type fuel simulation piece of an experimental device for melting and transferring behavior of a plate-type fuel stream of a nuclear reactor.
In the figure, 1 is a heating furnace, 2 is an internal heating layer, 3 is an intermediate heat-insulating layer, 4 is a shell, 5 is a high-temperature-resistant quartz glass window, 6 is a constant-temperature area, 7 is a supporting seat, 8 is a plate-type fuel simulation piece, 9 is a K-type thermocouple, 10 is a base, 11 is a bolt, 12 is a rotatable fixing frame, 13 is a lower cladding, 14 is an opening, 15 is an upper cladding, 16 is an intermediate lattice, 17 is a core, 18 is a K-type thermocouple wire, 19 is a melt, 20 is a laser emitting device, 21 is a laser receiving device, 22 is a laser beam, 23 is a vacuum pump, 24 is a first exhaust pipeline, 25 is an air storage tank, 26 is a ball valve, 27 is a safety valve, 28 is an argon gas bottle, 29 is an inflation pipeline, 30 is a pressure reducing valve, 31 is a buffer tank, 32 is a control system, 33 is a pressure gauge, 34 is a second exhaust pipeline, and 35 is a pressure relief pipeline.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the experimental device for melting and transferring behavior of plate-type fuel stream of a nuclear reactor comprises a heating furnace 1, wherein a shell of the heating furnace 1 consists of an internal heating layer 2, an intermediate insulating layer 3 and a shell 4, and high-temperature-resistant quartz glass windows 5 are arranged on two sides of the shell; a constant temperature area 6 with stable temperature exists in the heating furnace 1; the supporting seat 7 and the plate type fuel simulation piece 8 are placed in the constant temperature area 6; the plate type fuel simulation piece 8 is placed in the supporting seat 7, and the K-type thermocouple 9 is installed in the constant temperature area 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the supporting seat 7 is composed of a base 10 and a rotatable fixing frame 12 connected to the base 10 through a bolt 11; the base 10 and the rotatable fixing frame 12 are made of stainless steel; the base 10 is connected with the heating furnace 1 through bolts;
as shown in fig. 3, the plate-type fuel simulator 8 is composed of a lower cladding 13, an upper cladding 15 having an opening 14, an intermediate lattice 16, and a core 17. The plate type fuel simulator 8 is rectangular in overall appearance and 200mm in height; the thickness of the lower cladding 13 and the upper cladding 15 is 0.5mm, and the width is 100 mm; the core body 17 is 1mm in thickness, 8mm in width and 96mm in height, is placed in the center of the lower cladding 13 and the upper cladding 15, and is surrounded by the intermediate lattice 16 outside the core body 17; the shape and size of the opening 14 can be set freely. The lower cladding 13, the upper cladding 15 and the intermediate lattice 16 of the plate-type fuel simulator 8 are made of stainless steel, and the core 17 is made of zinc metal.
A K-type thermocouple wire 18 is attached to the surface of the upper cladding 15, and a molten substance 19 flows out of the opening 14 after the plate-type fuel simulator 8 is melted; the laser device is divided into a laser emitting device 20 and a laser receiving device 21, the laser emitting device 20 and the laser receiving device 21 are respectively arranged at two sides of the heating furnace 1, and a laser beam 22 emitted by the laser emitting device 20 penetrates through the high-temperature resistant quartz glass window 5 and passes through a melt migration path to reach the laser receiving device 21; the diameter of the single laser beam emitted by the laser emitting device 20 is 0.05mm, the laser interval in the horizontal direction is 0.05mm, the laser interval in the height direction is 10mm, the distance between the laser of the uppermost layer and the laser of the lowermost layer is 200mm, and the distance between the laser of the innermost layer and the laser of the outermost layer is 1 mm. The plate-type fuel simulator 8 is closely attached with the innermost laser, and the laser emitting device 20 and the laser receiving device 21 are arranged according to the requirement of the position of the laser beam 22 parallel to the plane of the plate-type fuel simulator 8.
The laser can be blocked in the stream flowing process of the melt 19, and the melt can also flow out of the laser beam flow channel, and the laser receiving device 21 can detect the position and the blocking time point of the blocked laser beam 22; the vacuum pump 23 pumps the gas in the heating furnace 1 to the gas storage tank 25 through the first exhaust duct 24; a ball valve 26 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline 24; the heating furnace 1 is connected with a gas storage tank 25 through a safety valve 27; argon is filled into the heating furnace 1 through an argon bottle 28 through a charging pipeline 29, a reducing valve 30 is arranged at the outlet of the argon bottle, and a ball valve 26 is arranged on the charging pipeline; a buffer tank 31 is arranged in the middle of the inflation pipeline; the K-type thermocouple 9, the K-type thermocouple wire 18, the laser receiving device 21 and the heating furnace 1 are connected with a control system 32; the control system 32 can adjust the power of the heating furnace 1 according to the temperature rising rate in the heating furnace 1 measured by the K-type thermocouple 9, record the temperature of the plate-type fuel simulation piece 8, and calculate the migration form, speed and thickness of the molten material 19 stream according to the time point of blocking the laser beam 22 by the molten material 19, the time point of flowing out of the light path of the laser beam 22, the position of the blocked laser beam 22 and the position of the laser beam which arrives at the laser receiving device 21 again; the heating furnace 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 33 which can detect the pressure in the heating furnace 1; the air storage tank 25 is communicated with the external environment through a second exhaust pipeline 34 provided with a ball valve 26 and a pressure relief pipeline 35 provided with a safety valve 27; the experimental device can be used for researching the melting characteristics of the core body 17 of the nuclear reactor plate type fuel simulation piece with different inclination angles and the migration characteristics of the molten material 19 stream thickness, flow velocity and the like under different sizes and shapes of the opening 14.
The experimental method of the present invention is described in detail below as follows:
the whole experiment is carried out on the experimental device, all circuits, instruments and loops need to be checked before the experiment is started, and the safety of the experiment is guaranteed.
Before the experiment is started, the rotatable fixing frame 12 of the supporting seat 7 is adjusted to a designated inclination angle, the bolt 11 is screwed, the plate type fuel simulation piece 8 is placed in the rotatable fixing frame 12, the supporting seat 7 is placed in the constant temperature area 6 of the heating furnace 1, and the connecting bolt of the rotatable fixing frame 12 and the base 10 is screwed.
In the experimental preheating stage, the temperature of the constant temperature zone 6 of the heating furnace 1 is raised to 200 ℃ within 10-20min, then the gas in the heating furnace 1 is vacuumized by the vacuum pump 23 to prevent the gas in the later high temperature stage from oxidizing the melt, and the argon bottle 28 fills the argon into the heating furnace 1 until the pressure reaches 0.095 MPa. After repeated air exhaust and argon filling for 3-5 rounds, the constant temperature area 6 is rapidly heated to 450 ℃.
And then adjusting the heating rate, slowly heating the constant temperature area 6 at the speed of 1 ℃/min until the core body 17 is melted, enabling the melt 19 to flow out of the upper cladding 15 through the opening 14, blocking the laser beam 22, taking the time point when the first laser beam is blocked as the melting time point of the core body 17, and recording the temperature measured by the K-type thermocouple wire 18. After the core 17 is melted, the control system 32 continuously adjusts the power of the heating furnace to make the temperature of the constant temperature area 6 basically stable. The melt 19 will block the laser beam 22 during its downward travel in a stream and will also flow out of the path of the laser beam 22. The laser receiver 21 records the point in time when the melt 19 blocks the laser beam 22, the point in time when the laser beam 22 exits the beam path of the laser beam 22, the position of the blocked laser beam 22, and the position of the laser beam 22 that has again reached the laser receiver 21, and passes them to the control system 32, and the control system 32 records the stream migration pattern of the melt 19, calculates its migration velocity, and its stream thickness.
When the interrupted laser beam 22 does not change within 20min, the flow of the melt 19 is considered to reach a stable state, and the heating furnace 1 is adjusted to zero power to slowly cool the melt;
after the experiment is finished, through analyzing the experimental result, the melting behavior mechanism of the nuclear reactor plate type fuel with different inclination angles and the migration behavior mechanism of the melt 19 stream thickness, flow velocity and the like under different sizes and shapes of the opening 14 are revealed.
The invention can be used in the plate type fuel severe accident melting and transferring behavior experiment.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
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