CN112324439A - Mining method for inducing caving roadway roof - Google Patents
Mining method for inducing caving roadway roof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112324439A CN112324439A CN202011279540.XA CN202011279540A CN112324439A CN 112324439 A CN112324439 A CN 112324439A CN 202011279540 A CN202011279540 A CN 202011279540A CN 112324439 A CN112324439 A CN 112324439A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of mining, and provides a mining method for inducing caving of a roadway roof, which comprises the following steps: constructing at least 3 temporary vertical drill holes to determine the crushing height of roof rocks and a rock boundary of the ore; constructing a fan-shaped blast hole; the fan-shaped blast holes comprise a blasting blast hole row loaded with powder and an auxiliary blast hole row not loaded with powder; carrying out coupling charging in the blasting hole row and blasting; and after the blasting is finished, the mining equipment removes the ore. The invention finds the crushing height of the roof rock and the boundary of the ore rock by temporary vertical drilling, collapses and induces the crushed ore body to collapse, can save blast holes and materials, has high personnel operation safety, artificially reduces a layered drift, reduces the engineering investment, basically does not damage the roof and the bottom plate, and improves the stability. And a remote control shovel loader is adopted for subsequent ore removal, so that the ore recovery rate is improved. The invention can complete the construction of all blast holes by only adopting a common medium-length hole drilling machine, and has low equipment use cost and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a mining method for inducing caving of a roadway roof.
Background
Ore refers to a collection of minerals from which useful components can be extracted or which have some property of being exploited themselves, and can be divided into metallic and non-metallic minerals. The mining of the ore mainly comprises three parts of mining preparation, cutting and stoping. The mining preparation comprises a transport roadway, a cross roadway, a chute, a secondary crushing roadway (a scraper way, a grizzly way or a scraper way), a bucket neck, a pedestrian raise, an air return roadway, a communication way, an observation raise, a horizontal observation roadway and the like; the cutting comprises side cutting raise, side cutting drift and cross drift, bottom drawing drift and cross drift, etc.; the stoping comprises ore falling, ore removal, ground pressure management and the like. The specific ore mining method is determined according to the occurrence factors of the ore deposit, the physical and mechanical properties of the ore and the surrounding rock and other factors.
The natural caving mining method is mainly suitable for mining thick and large ore bodies with relatively developed joint cracks and steep dip angles, and has the advantages of safety, high efficiency, large-scale continuous ore removal and the like. At present, more than 50 mines mined by a natural caving method in the world are mainly distributed in the countries such as the United states, Australia, Canada, Chile, south Africa, China and the like, and domestic application mines mainly comprise copper mine, valley copper mine and plain copper mine.
The natural caving mining method is characterized in that bottom drawing is carried out on the bottom of an ore block in a certain area, proper cutting is carried out on the boundary of the bottom of the ore block, the ore block is naturally caved into fragments under the action of dead weight and ground pressure, and caved ore is discharged through a bottom ore removal roadway. In the caving process, partial ore drawing is about one third, the rest ore is reserved to be discharged in a large amount finally after the whole stage natural caving is finished, and the upper part of the overlying strata naturally caves and fills the dead zone along with the discharge of a large amount of ore. The method saves a large amount of rock drilling and blasting work and cost, is particularly suitable for mining low-grade thick and large ore deposits, and is an underground large-scale mining method with low cost, high efficiency and good safety. The method requires that the ore rock mass has good collapsibility and collapsibility, requires that the earth surface is allowed to collapse, and has more severe application conditions, but has low mining cost due to large production capacity.
In practical application, the discovery shows that in the ore body pinch-out zone where some ore bodies are located, most of the iron ore bodies are seriously crushed due to geological structure, so that the roadway construction is difficult, the supporting is difficult, the safety risk is high, and the method is difficult to adopt. Accordingly, there is a need for improvements to the above-described methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a mining method for inducing caving of a roadway roof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the mining method for inducing the caving of the roadway roof comprises the following steps:
constructing at least 3 temporary vertical drill holes to determine the crushing height of roof rocks and a rock boundary of the ore;
constructing a fan-shaped blast hole; the fan-shaped blast holes comprise a blasting blast hole row loaded with powder and an auxiliary blast hole row not loaded with powder;
carrying out coupling charging in the blasting hole row and blasting;
and after the blasting is finished, the mining equipment removes the ore.
Preferably, the temporary vertical drilled holes are uniformly distributed, and the interval between adjacent temporary vertical drilled holes is more than 10 m.
Preferably, the depth of each blasting hole row is 20m, the hole bottom distance is 2m, and the diameter is 60-65 mm.
Preferably, the verticality tolerance of the blasting hole row is +/-0.5.
Preferably, the depth of each auxiliary blast hole row is 30m, and the distance between the bottoms of the auxiliary blast holes is 1 m.
Preferably, during ore removal, the overlying strata continuously move downwards to fill the mining area along with the continuous extraction of the ores, the ground pressure is controlled, and the stable bottom structure is ensured.
Preferably, when the broken ore body naturally collapses to the goaf through induction, intelligent remote control mining equipment is adopted to enter the goaf for ore removal.
Preferably, the middle vein-following roadway is used as a mine receiving roadway, and blast hole construction is not carried out.
The mining method for inducing the caving roadway roof provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: constructing at least 3 temporary vertical drill holes to determine the crushing height of roof rocks and a rock boundary of the ore; constructing a fan-shaped blast hole; the fan-shaped blast holes comprise a blasting blast hole row loaded with powder and an auxiliary blast hole row not loaded with powder; carrying out coupling charging in the blasting hole row and blasting; and after the blasting is finished, the mining equipment removes the ore.
According to the invention, the temporary vertical drilling is firstly constructed in the stope for ore crushing to find the crushing height of the roof rock and the boundary of the ore rock, and then the crushed ore body is collapsed and induced to collapse in a charging blasting mode, so that blast holes and materials can be saved, the operation safety of personnel is high, a layered drift is artificially reduced, the engineering investment is reduced, the roof and the bottom plate are basically not damaged, and the stability is improved. And a remote control shovel loader is adopted for subsequent ore removal, so that the ore recovery rate is improved. The invention can complete the construction of all blast holes by only adopting a common medium-length hole drilling machine, and has low equipment use cost and convenient operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a mining method for inducing caving of a roof of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of blasting hole rows according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic arrangement diagram of a blasting hole row and an auxiliary hole row according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a 308-1-1 stope provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a projection view of a 308-1-1 stope provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1. roof rock; 2. crushing an ore body; 4. a mineral rock boundary; 5. a vein-following roadway; 6. and (4) carrying out fan-shaped blast holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a mining method for inducing caving of a roof of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, constructing 3 temporary vertical drill holes in a vein roadway in a stope to determine the crushing height of roof rocks 1 and a rock boundary 4;
s102, constructing a sector blast hole 6 of a stope by adopting a medium-length hole drilling machine YGZ-90 in the vein-following roadway 2, wherein the sector blast hole 6 comprises a blasting blast hole row filled with powder and an auxiliary blast hole row not filled with powder; the hole depth of the blasting hole row is 20m, the hole bottom distance is 2m, the diameter is 60-65 mm, and the verticality tolerance is +/-0.5; the depth of the auxiliary blast hole row is 30m, the hole bottom distance is 1m, and the diameter is 60-65 mm. The verticality tolerance is +/-0.5; the middle vein-following roadway is used as a mine receiving roadway, and blast hole construction is not carried out;
s103, after the construction of all the fan-shaped blast holes 6 in the stope is finished, carrying out coupling charging in the blast hole row for blasting ore caving; the auxiliary blast hole row is added with a free surface to assist natural collapse, and blast holes at the crushing position are filled as much as possible;
s104, carrying out manual ore removal by a forklift after blasting in a stope, and during ore removal, continuously downwards moving overlying strata along with continuous ore removal to fill a mining area, controlling ground pressure and ensuring stable bottom structure; along with the increase of the exposed area of the empty roof, the broken ore body 2 is induced to naturally collapse to the goaf, and after being endangered by the goaf, the broken ore body is changed into a remote control intelligent forklift to enter the goaf for ore removal.
Specifically, the traditional natural caving mining method has higher requirement on the caving property of the ore and is mainly suitable for mining thick ore bodies. For the crushed ore body 2, the tunnel construction is difficult and difficult to support due to serious crushing of the ore body, and the application is difficult due to larger safety risk. The embodiment of the invention improves the traditional natural caving mining method, and the improved method can be applied to the construction of the crushed ore body 2. The first improvement point is that the crushing height of the roof rock 1 and the boundary 4 of the ore rock are firstly detected by constructing a temporary vertical drilling hole in the ore crushing stope, so that the condition of the crushed ore body 2 can be fully mastered, and the mining safety is improved. The second improvement point is that the fan-shaped blast holes 6 are divided into blasting blast hole rows filled with powder and auxiliary blast hole rows not filled with powder, and the blasting holes and materials can be saved by caving and inducing the broken ore body 2 to caving in a powder-filled blasting mode, so that the engineering investment is reduced, the roof bottom plate is not damaged basically, and the stability is improved. Thirdly, the broken ore body 2 can produce the collecting space area through induced natural collapse, the existence in collecting space area makes the safety in production in mine face very big safety problem, and personnel and mechanical equipment all can fall into the inside injury in collecting space area, so follow-up ore removal adopts the remote control intelligence forklift, improves the completeness of ore removal, avoids causing casualties.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention firstly constructs the temporary vertical drilling in the stope for ore crushing to find the crushing height of the top plate rock 1 and the boundary 4 of the ore rocks, and then collapses and induces the crushed ore body 2 to collapse in the mode of explosive charging and blasting, so that blast holes and materials can be saved, the operation safety of personnel is high, a layered drift is artificially reduced, the engineering investment is reduced, the top plate and the bottom plate are basically not damaged, and the stability is improved. And a remote control shovel loader is adopted for subsequent ore removal, so that the ore recovery rate is improved. In addition, the invention can complete the construction of all blast holes by only adopting a common medium-length hole drilling machine, and has low equipment use cost and convenient operation.
Example 2
This example applies the mining method of example 1 to a 308-1-1 stope. The 308-1-1 stope is positioned between the line 131 and the line 130 of the middle section 265 and belongs to an Fe16 ore body. The ore body in the range is close to the open pit of the small north ditch, is broken and belongs to an ore body pinch-out zone, and is pinched out at the height of +300m, but the overlying rock stratum on the upper part is very firm and stable, and the thickness is more than 30 meters. The initial mining of the security pillar is not carried out, and the later period of resource shortage causes the technical staff to repeatedly demonstrate and decide to carry out the mining. The stope stoping height is 26m (+ 266m to +292 m), and the final height after collapse is 30 meters. The length of the chamber is 35m, the width is 28m, the inclination angle of the ore body is 70 degrees, the ore amount of the chamber is about 12 ten thousand tons, the height of the cutting groove is 26m, and the chamber is very broken, so that the segmented roadway is difficult to construct and support, and the safety risk is high. Because the ore in the stope is broken seriously, the stope is not provided with a layered drift. The specific mining method is as follows:
firstly, constructing 3 vertical drill holes at intervals of 10m by using an YGZ-90 drilling machine to find the ore height and the ore rock boundary of a stope;
constructing fan-shaped blast hole array faces in a vein roadway, constructing 24 blast holes in the stope in total, constructing at intervals, setting every two rows as a blasting period, and assisting the blast hole array holes not to be charged;
coupling and charging explosive into the blasting hole rows, wherein the explosive is emulsion explosive, and the blasting holes are filled as full as possible;
blasting a stope, and continuously downwards moving overlying rocks to fill a mining area along with continuous mining of ores during ore removal, controlling ground pressure and ensuring the stable bottom structure;
along with the increase of the exposed area of the empty roof, the crushed ore bodies are induced to naturally collapse to the goaf, and after the crushed ore bodies approach the goaf, the crushed ore bodies are changed into a remote control intelligent forklift to enter the goaf for ore removal;
and after the ore removal is finished, the three-dimensional laser scanner is used for measuring that the height of the goaf of the stope meets the design height, namely, the crushed ore of the stope is successfully collapsed to the stope through induced blasting.
As shown in fig. 4, is a plan view of the 308-1-1 stope, and fig. 5 is a projection view of the 308-1-1 stope. According to the embodiment of the invention, the temporary vertical drilling is firstly constructed in the stope for ore crushing to find the crushing height of the roof rock and the boundary of the ore rock, then the crushed ore body is induced to be crushed and is crushed in a charging blasting mode, so that blast holes and materials can be saved, the personnel operation safety is high, a layered drift is artificially reduced, the engineering investment is reduced, the roof and the floor are basically not damaged, and the stability is improved. And a remote control shovel loader is adopted for subsequent ore removal, so that the ore recovery rate is improved. In addition, the invention can complete the construction of all blast holes by only adopting a common medium-length hole drilling machine, and has low equipment use cost and convenient operation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mining method for inducing caving of a roof of a roadway, the mining method comprising the steps of:
constructing at least 3 temporary vertical drill holes to determine the crushing height of roof rocks and a rock boundary of the ore;
constructing a fan-shaped blast hole; the fan-shaped blast holes comprise a blasting blast hole row loaded with powder and an auxiliary blast hole row not loaded with powder;
carrying out coupling charging in the blasting hole row and blasting;
and after the blasting is finished, the mining equipment removes the ore.
2. The mining method for inducing caving in of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temporary vertical boreholes are uniformly distributed, and the interval between adjacent temporary vertical boreholes is more than 10 m.
3. The mining method for inducing caving in of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row of blasting holes has a hole depth of 20m, a hole bottom distance of 2m and a diameter of 60-65 mm.
4. The mining method for inducing caving in of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 3, wherein the perpendicularity tolerance of the blasting hole row is ± 0.5.
5. The mining method for inducing caving in of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary blast hole row has a hole depth of 30m and a hole bottom distance of 1 m.
6. The mining method for inducing caving of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein during ore removal, overlying rock is continuously moved downwards to fill the mining area along with continuous mining of ore, so as to control earth pressure and ensure stable bottom structure.
7. The mining method for inducing caving of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the broken ore body is naturally caving into the goaf through induction, an intelligent remote control mining device is adopted to enter the goaf for ore removal.
8. The mining method for inducing caving of the roadway roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate vein roadway is used as a mine-accepting roadway without blast hole construction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011279540.XA CN112324439A (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Mining method for inducing caving roadway roof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011279540.XA CN112324439A (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Mining method for inducing caving roadway roof |
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| CN112324439A true CN112324439A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113047835A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-29 | 中南大学 | Deep well thick and large ore body mining method integrating emptying, caving and filling |
| CN114353608A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-15 | 金当量能源科技(山东)有限公司 | Safe ore mining method |
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| CN104481539A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Extruding blasting caving mining method for self-pulling slot |
| CN104807381A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-07-29 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for forming cutting surface in deep hole blasting |
| CN105841564A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-08-10 | 西北矿冶研究院 | One-time blasting groove-drawing method without well cutting |
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2020
- 2020-11-16 CN CN202011279540.XA patent/CN112324439A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103726844A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-04-16 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Automatic coal mining method based on coal mining work surface |
| CN104389604A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-03-04 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Method for forming covering layer by stope caving method |
| CN104481539A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-01 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Extruding blasting caving mining method for self-pulling slot |
| CN104807381A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-07-29 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for forming cutting surface in deep hole blasting |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113047835A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-29 | 中南大学 | Deep well thick and large ore body mining method integrating emptying, caving and filling |
| CN113047835B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-04-15 | 中南大学 | Deep well thick and large ore body mining method integrating emptying, caving and filling |
| CN114353608A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-15 | 金当量能源科技(山东)有限公司 | Safe ore mining method |
| CN114353608B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-03-22 | 金当量能源科技(山东)有限公司 | Safety ore mining method |
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