Integral impeller electrolysis trepanning and forming processing device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining, in particular to an electrolytic nesting and forming machining device for an integral impeller.
Background
Electrolytic machining is a method for machining and forming a workpiece in a predetermined size and shape using a tool cathode based on the electrochemical anodic dissolution principle. In the machining process, the workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the cathode of the tool is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply. A certain interelectrode gap is maintained between the workpiece anode and the tool cathode, and electrolyte flowing at a high speed is introduced into the interelectrode gap to form a conductive path between the workpiece and the cathode. As the cathode is fed to the workpiece, the workpiece material is continuously dissolved and eroded, the electrolytic product is carried away by the high-speed flowing electrolyte, and when the cathode is fed to a preset position, the processing is completed. Compared with the traditional processing technology, the electrolytic processing has the advantages of no cathode loss, wide processing range, high processing surface quality and the like, and therefore, the electrolytic processing is widely applied to processing aeroengine parts such as blisks, diffusers and the like.
In the prior art, when a blade disc blank is processed, the impeller channel is firstly processed on a special machine tool, the large allowance of the channel is removed, then the processed blade disc is repositioned and installed on an electrolytic machine tool to process the blade, the working efficiency is low, the manufacturing period is long, and the processing precision of the blade disc is influenced because of errors caused by repeated positioning.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an integral impeller electrolysis nesting and forming processing device.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides an integral impeller electrolysis trepanning and shaping processingequipment, includes lathe bed and crossbeam, be equipped with the tool table of following lathe bed length direction round trip movement on the lathe bed, tool table central point puts and is equipped with the C axle, the C epaxial level is equipped with the revolving axle that is used for the fixed impeller dish, the crossbeam is located the lathe bed top, vertically be equipped with the main shaft on the crossbeam, be equipped with on the main shaft and be used for processing out the trepanning cathode processing subassembly of blade rudiment and be used for the blade electrolysis subassembly to blade rudiment finish machining on the impeller.
The blade disc workpiece is arranged on the rotating shaft and is in a vertical state, the workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the tool table slides back and forth along the Y axis to enable the blade disc to be positioned at a correct position below the main shaft; the main shaft is used for driving the jacking cathode processing assembly or the blade electrolysis assembly to be close to or far from the blade disc in the vertical direction; the trepanning cathode processing component is used for processing a blade prototype on the blade disc, and the blade electrolysis component is used for finishing the blade prototype.
Further, trepanning cathode processing subassembly includes first negative pole, installation chuck and fixing base, be equipped with conductive column and two at least water receiving nozzles on the installation chuck, first negative pole is located installation chuck below, first negative pole both ends pass through two connecting rods with installation chuck fixed connection, be equipped with on the first negative pole with blade cross-section complex processing sword, be equipped with on first negative pole, support and the installation chuck with water receiving nozzle and the first feed liquor passageway of processing sword intercommunication, be equipped with the drive on the fixing base installation chuck is along axis pivoted rotary device, be equipped with the drive on the fixing base installation chuck is close to or is kept away from the first drive arrangement of blade dish along vertical direction.
The width of the first cathode machining blade is determined by the width of the minimum passage of the blade disc and the electrolytic machining clearance value, the shape of the first cathode machining blade is determined by the structural shapes of the blade disc and the blade back of the blade, and the through hole in the middle of the first cathode is the shape of the minimum straight line enveloping surface of the machined blade. The blades are twisted, and when the first cathode is processed downwards, the rotating device controls the first cathode to rotate along with the torsion angle of the blades, so that the material in the impeller channel is removed by a large margin, the geometry of the material left in the middle is the rudiment of the blades, and the rudiment of the blades is further processed, but the margin to be processed is small at the moment.
The support is used for connecting the first cathode and the mounting chuck, the mounting chuck is provided with a conductive column for connecting a power supply cathode, and the first cathode, the support and the mounting chuck are all made of conductive materials; the water receiving nozzle is matched with the first liquid inlet channel and used for spraying electrolyte from the first cathode processing blade to carry out electrolytic processing on the blade disc.
Further, in order to drive the first cathode to rotate for processing, the rotating device comprises a motor and a speed reducer, the motor is arranged on the fixing seat, the output end of the motor is in transmission connection with the input end of the speed reducer, and the output end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with the installation chuck.
After the motor reduces the rotating speed through the speed reducer, the motor can drive the installation chuck arranged on the output shaft of the speed reducer to rotate, so that the first cathode on the installation chuck is driven to rotate.
Further, in order to drive first negative pole downwardly processed, first drive arrangement includes V axle and first slip table, the fixing base with first slip table fixed connection, first slip table is located V axle one side, be equipped with in the V axle and be used for the drive first slip table is along vertically gliding motor and lead screw from top to bottom, the V axle with main shaft fixed connection.
The main shaft is used for driving the V-axis to quickly descend so as to drive the first cathode to quickly approach the leaf disc; the first sliding table is used for driving the first cathode to slowly descend during processing, and a blade embryonic form is processed on the blade disc. The screw rod is in threaded connection with the first sliding block, and drives the first sliding table to ascend or descend on the V shaft through forward rotation or reverse rotation of the motor.
Further, in order to carry out the finish machining to the blade rudiment, the blade electrolysis subassembly includes the support, with blade back of the body complex second negative pole and with blade basin complex third negative pole, second negative pole upper end is equipped with the second slider, second negative pole lower extreme be equipped with blade back of the body complex blade, third negative pole upper end is equipped with the third slider, third negative pole lower extreme be equipped with blade basin complex blade, all be equipped with conductive post and water receiving mouth on second slider and the third slider, be equipped with on second negative pole and the second slider with water receiving mouth and the second feed liquor passageway of blade intercommunication, be equipped with on third negative pole and the third slider with water receiving mouth and the third feed liquor passageway of blade intercommunication, second slider and third slider all with support along horizontal direction sliding connection, all be equipped with lead screw and motor drive on second slider and the third slider are followed the horizontal direction and are slided back and forth.
The water receiving nozzle is connected with the electrolyte supply device to supply electrolyte to the second cathode and the third cathode cutting edge, the second sliding block and the third sliding block are made of conductive materials, the second sliding block and the third sliding block are connected with the power supply negative electrode through conductive columns, and an electric loop is formed between the second sliding block and the workpiece during electrolytic machining to carry out electrolytic machining;
The second sliding block and the third sliding block respectively slide back and forth on the bracket along the horizontal direction under the drive of respective motor lead screws, so that the second cathode is close to or far away from the blade back, and the third cathode is close to or far away from the blade basin; the motors on the second slide block and the third slide block can control the second cathode and the third cathode to move in opposite directions or opposite directions at the same speed at the same time, and electrolytic machining is carried out on the blade backs and the blade basins, so that the electrolytic machining quality of the blades is ensured; further, the tool table is made of non-conductive materials such as marble and the like with high flatness and high structural strength.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the integral impeller electrolysis nesting and forming processing device provided by the invention has the advantages that after the impeller blank is clamped once, rough machining and finish machining of the impeller can be completed without repositioning and installing, and repeated positioning errors are reduced, so that the processing precision of the impeller is improved, and the manufacturing period is shortened.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a trepanning cathode processing assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rough cut of the blisk according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the finishing structure of a blade in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of C in FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a molded structure of the blisk.
In the figure: 1. the fixture comprises a fixture table, 2, a cross beam, 3, a C shaft, 4, a main shaft, 5, a blade disc, 5-1, a blade, 6, a first cathode, 6-1, a machining blade, 7, an installation chuck, 8, a fixing seat, 9, a conductive column, 10, a water receiving nozzle, 11, a connecting rod, 12, a motor, 13, a V shaft, 14, a first sliding table, 15, a lead screw, 16, a bracket, 17, a second cathode, 18, a third cathode, 19, a second sliding block, 20 and a third sliding block.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figure is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the basic structure of the invention only by way of illustration, and therefore it shows only the constitution related to the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the integral impeller electrolysis trepanning and forming processing device comprises a lathe bed and a cross beam 2, wherein a tool table 1 which moves back and forth along the length direction of the lathe bed is arranged on the lathe bed, and the tool table 1 is made of marble.
The center position of the tool table 1 is provided with a C shaft 3, a rotary shaft for fixing a blade disc 5 is horizontally arranged on the C shaft 3, a cross beam 2 is arranged above the machine body, a main shaft 4 is vertically arranged on the cross beam 2, and a jacking cathode processing assembly for processing a blade 5-1 blank on the blade disc 5 and a blade electrolysis assembly for finely processing the blade 5-1 blank are arranged on the main shaft 4.
The jacking cathode machining assembly comprises a first cathode 6, an installation chuck 7 and a fixed seat 8, wherein a conductive column 9 and at least two water receiving nozzles 10 are arranged on the installation chuck 7, the first cathode 6 is arranged below the installation chuck 7, two ends of the first cathode 6 are fixedly connected with the installation chuck 7 through two connecting rods 11, machining blades matched with the sections of the blades 5-1 are arranged on the first cathode 6, a support 16 and the installation chuck 7, a first liquid inlet channel communicated with the water receiving nozzles 10 and the machining blades is arranged on the first cathode 6, a rotating device for driving the installation chuck 7 to rotate along an axis is arranged on the fixed seat 8, the rotating device comprises a motor 12 and a speed reducer, the motor 12 is arranged on the fixed seat 8, the output end of the motor 12 is in transmission connection with the input end of the speed reducer, and the output end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with the installation chuck 7.
The fixing seat 8 is provided with a first driving device for driving the mounting chuck 7 to approach or depart from the leaf disc 5 along the vertical direction, the first driving device comprises a V shaft 13 and a first sliding table 14, the fixing seat 8 is fixedly connected with the first sliding table 14, the first sliding table 14 is arranged on one side of the V shaft 13, a motor 12 and a screw rod 15 for driving the first sliding table 14 to slide up and down along the vertical direction are arranged in the V shaft 13, and the V shaft 13 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 4.
The blade electrolysis assembly comprises a support 16, a second cathode 17 matched with the blade 5-1 blade back and a third cathode 18 matched with the blade 5-1 blade basin, a second slide block 19 is arranged at the upper end of the second cathode 17, a cutting edge matched with the blade 5-1 blade back is arranged at the lower end of the second cathode 17, a third slide block 20 is arranged at the upper end of the third cathode 18, a cutting edge matched with the blade 5-1 blade basin is arranged at the lower end of the third cathode 18, a conductive column 9 and a water receiving nozzle 10 are arranged on the second slide block 19 and the third slide block 20, a second liquid inlet channel communicated with the water receiving nozzle 10 and the cutting edge is arranged on the second cathode 17 and the second slide block 19, a third liquid inlet channel communicated with the water receiving nozzle 10 and the cutting edge is arranged on the third cathode 18 and the third slide block 20, the second slide block 19 and the third slide block 20 are both connected with the support 16 in a sliding mode along the horizontal direction, and the second slide block 19 and the third slide block 20 are both provided with a motor 12 and a third slide rod 20 and a second screw rod 19 and a third slide 20 which are driven in the horizontal direction.
The working process comprises the following steps:
The machine tool is used for firstly carrying out rough machining on the impeller channel and removing large allowance of the channel, so that the minimum straight line enveloping surface of the blade 5-1 is processed by the trepanning. For further finishing, the shape of the blade 5-1 is machined in place, and then the two-way feeding electrolytic forming process of the blade 5-1 is performed.
And (3) trepanning: after the blank of the impeller 5 is arranged on the rotating shaft, the blank is adjusted to be in a vertical state, the main shaft 4 moves up and down, the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 are adjusted to be at safe heights, and the second sliding table and the third sliding table move to the two ends to make room for the movement of the first cathode 6. The V-axis 13 drives the first sliding table 14 to drive the first cathode 6 and the rotating device thereof to move downwards to a certain safety value above the blank of the impeller 5, electrolyte is opened, the electrolyte flows through the inside of the bracket 16 from the water receiving nozzle 10 on the installation chuck 7, then is sprayed to a machining gap from the water outlet of the machining edge of the first cathode 6 at a certain speed and pressure, the conductive column 9 on the installation chuck 7 is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the blank of the impeller 5 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the V-axis 13 continuously drives the first cathode 6 to feed the blank of the impeller 5, and when the gap between the two is very small, the blank material is removed by electrolytic machining. The first cathode 6 is driven by the driving motor 12 while being fed downward, and rotates along with the torsion angle of the blade 5-1 until the envelope straight-line surface of the blade 5-1 is machined. The channel shape is now formed, facilitating the shaped electrolytic machining of the blade 5-1.
Forming electrolytic machining of the blade 5-1: the V-axis 13 drives the first cathode 6 to move upwards to a safe height, and the main shaft 4 drives the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 to move above the blisk 5; the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 are respectively clamped on the second sliding table and the third sliding table and are connected with the cathode of a processing power supply, the main shaft 4 drives the cathode to enter an inter-blade channel obtained by processing in the previous procedure, electrolyte flows into the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 from water inlets on the second sliding table and the third sliding table, is sprayed into a processing gap from outlets of the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 (the processing gap is a gap between the cathode and a workpiece anode, and is processed in a non-contact mode), the processing power supply is turned on, a certain voltage (generally 14-24V and pulse current) is applied, the motor 12 controls the second sliding table and the third sliding table to move in opposite directions, namely, the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 simultaneously feed the blade 5-1, materials on two sides of the blade 5-1 are gradually removed by electrolytic processing under the action of an electric field and a flow field, and the shape of the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 are gradually copied, and the shape of the blade 5-1 is processed in place. After the machining is finished, the power supply and the electrolyte are turned off, the motor 12 drives the second cathode 17 and the third cathode 18 to retract to a certain safe position, and the main shaft 4 moves upwards to return to the initial position state.
In the electrolytic machining process of the blade 5-1, the machining system monitors the machining current, when the current is suddenly increased (before short circuit occurs), the motor 12 controls the second sliding table and the third sliding table to stop advancing, and retreats a safe value, and when the current is reduced to a normal value, machining is continued, so that the occurrence of short circuit can be effectively controlled, the burning of the cathode is reduced, and the machining precision is improved.
Directions and references (e.g., up, down, left, right, etc.) in this invention may be used only to aid in the description of features in the drawings. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the claimed subject matter is defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.