CN112316570B - A compact industrial exhaust fine particulate matter efficient removal and cooling device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a compact type industrial tail gas fine particle efficient removing and cooling device and a method, comprising a flue gas pretreatment unit and a cyclone separation unit, wherein the flue gas pretreatment unit comprises a gravity settling chamber and a steam phase change chamber, the lower end of the steam phase change chamber is communicated with the upper part of the gravity settling chamber, the steam phase change chamber is divided into a steam phase change section and a turbulent flow agglomeration section from bottom to top, the device adopts the integrated design of a particle pretreatment unit and a cyclone separation unit, particularly, the steam phase change agglomeration and turbulent flow agglomeration treatment technology is firstly integrated into the particle pretreatment unit, so that the removal of coarse particles and the agglomeration and growth of fine particles in dust-containing tail gas are realized, and the cyclone separation unit adopts an axial flow type cyclone separator structure with a reflecting screen, so that the removal efficiency of the fine particles is effectively improved; the device has compact integral structure, small occupied area and convenient operation, and solves the problem of removing fine particle pollutants in industrial tail gas in a high-efficiency and energy-saving manner.

Description

A compact industrial exhaust fine particulate matter efficient removal and cooling device and method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection equipment in terms of separation and purification in boiler equipment, in particular to a compact industrial tail gas fine particulate matter efficient removal and cooling device and method.

Background technique

Energy, chemical, metallurgy, thermal power and other pillar enterprises of the national economy will emit a large amount of industrial exhaust gas in the production process, which will cause great harm to the atmospheric environment and human health. Among the 385 cities monitored in 2016, only 29.6% of the cities met the air quality standards, and the emission of pollutants mainly came from coal combustion. In response to this problem, my country's environmental protection department has formulated relatively strict legal standards. In addition, the impact of inhalable particulate matter on human health cannot be ignored. Studies have shown that 100% of particles with aerodynamic dimensions less than 2 μm can be inhaled into the alveoli, causing harm to the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and research the high-efficiency purification and dust removal process of industrial exhaust gas, so as to alleviate the above-mentioned adverse effects and make industrial exhaust gas meet the emission standards.

The invention patent with publication number CN101732970B discloses a device and method for promoting the removal of fine particles in a coal-fired wet flue gas desulfurization process. The pre-scrubbing tower is used to increase the humidity of the flue gas and preliminarily remove the dust. The humidified flue gas enters the steam phase change chamber for coarse-grained treatment, and the treated fine particles are introduced into the desulfurization tower for removal. The shortcomings are: the pre-washing tower, the steam phase change chamber and the main desulfurization tower are arranged separately, the overall area of the device is large and the structure is complex; the whole device uses a wet dust removal process, which consumes a lot of water and causes serious secondary pollution.

In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, it is necessary to develop a high-efficiency removal and cooling device and method for industrial exhaust fine particles, taking into account factors such as dust removal efficiency, energy consumption, and safety.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compact industrial exhaust gas fine particle removal and cooling device and method with high efficiency. For the first time, the steam phase change agglomeration and turbulent agglomeration treatment technologies are integrated into the cyclone, which realizes the removal of coarse particles and the agglomeration and growth of fine particles in the dusty exhaust gas, and the cyclone separation unit of the present invention adopts an axial flow cyclone separation with a reflective screen. The structure of the device can effectively improve the removal efficiency of fine particles; the overall structure of the device is compact, the area is small, and the operation is convenient, which solves the problem of efficient and energy-saving removal of fine particle pollutants in industrial exhaust gas.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: a compact industrial exhaust gas fine particle removal and cooling device is characterized in that it includes a flue gas pretreatment unit and a cyclone separation unit, and the flue gas pretreatment unit includes a gravity settling chamber and a cyclone separation unit. The steam phase change chamber, the lower end of the steam phase change chamber is communicated with the upper part of the gravity settling chamber, the gravity settling chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet pipe and a sewage outlet, the flue gas inlet pipe is arranged in the gravity settling chamber, and the flue gas to be treated passes through The flue gas inlet pipe is introduced into the device, the sewage outlet is arranged in the lower part of the gravity settling chamber, the sewage outlet is connected with the public water treatment system, the steam phase change chamber is arranged with a steam distributor and a vortex generating tray, the steam The distributor is connected to the factory steam system through the steam pipeline, and the vortex-generating tray is arranged in the agglomeration nucleation chamber, and the agglomeration nucleation chamber is a jacketed double-layer structure with a water-cooled wall located in the steam phase change chamber, so The flue gas outlet of the agglomeration nucleation chamber is connected with the cyclone separation unit through a flue gas pipe.

The cyclone separation unit includes a cyclone blade, a reflective screen, a secondary air inlet pipe, a flue gas outlet and an ash discharge pipe, the cyclone blade is fixed on the inside of the flue gas pipe outlet, and the reflective screen is welded to the flue gas pipe outlet. Outside, the secondary air inlet pipe is arranged on the upper part of the cyclone separation unit, the secondary air inlet pipe is connected to the air supply system through a pipeline, the flue gas outlet is connected to a tail gas discharge device through the flue gas pipeline, and the ash discharge pipe is arranged At the lower end of the cyclone separation unit, an external ash recovery device is connected.

The gravity sedimentation chamber is a large-diameter section of the variable-diameter tower body, including a middle cylinder body and cone sections at both ends of the cylinder body, and the flue gas inlet pipe extends downward into the cylinder body with an opening.

The steam phase change chamber is divided into a steam phase change section and a turbulent agglomeration section from bottom to top. The steam phase change section is composed of a steam distributor and the inner wall surface of the agglomeration nucleation chamber. The steam phase change section is provided with flue gas. Inlet, the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet of the gravity settling chamber through a flange, the opening of the steam distributor is facing the inflow direction of the flue gas, the steam distributor is connected to a common steam pipeline through a steam pipeline, and the The turbulent agglomeration section is mainly composed of a vortex-forming tray and the inner wall surface of the agglomeration nucleation chamber. The turbulent agglomeration section is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas pipe. Inside the chamber cylinder, the vortex-generating tray group includes two forms: a "cross"-shaped triangular prism plate and a "well"-shaped triangular prism plate. On the central axis of the plate, the two pairs of parallel triangular prisms on the "well"-shaped triangular prism plate are respectively arranged symmetrically up and down with the central axis of the triangular prism plate as the axis, the "cross"-shaped triangular prism plate and the "well"-shaped triangular prism The plates are arranged alternately in the agglomeration and nucleation chamber, and the bottom surface of the triangular prism is facing the inflow direction of the flue gas.

The main body of the cyclone separation unit is an axial flow cyclone separator, and the axial flow cyclone separator is in the form of lower air intake and lower dust discharge.

The agglomeration nucleation chamber is a jacketed double-layer structure with a water-cooled wall, which has a certain cooling effect on the flue gas to be treated, reduces the overall energy loss of the device, and improves the energy efficiency of the device.

A reflection screen is arranged outside the outlet of the flue gas pipe, and the reflection screen is a conical ring structure with a high center and a low periphery. The setting of the reflection screen greatly reduces the secondary back-mixing of the separated descending particles.

The secondary air inlet pipe adopts a symmetrical double-cut inlet structure, and the secondary air inlet pipe introduces high-speed clean air into the cyclone separation chamber to form a vortex flow field. The swirl field has the same rotation direction, the purpose is to strengthen the vortex strength of the flow field in the cyclone separation chamber, and the secondary air inlet pipe is arranged in the upper part of the cyclone separation chamber to reduce the influence of the secondary air on the downward flow field of the particles.

In addition, the present invention also discloses a dust removal method for a compact industrial tail gas fine particle removal and cooling device with high efficiency. The specific working process is as follows:

(1) The industrial exhaust gas to be purified is introduced into the gravity settling chamber of the dust collector through the flue gas inlet pipe, and the dust-laden flue gas is decelerated to realize the gravity settling of larger particle size particles, and the flue gas after treatment ascends into the agglomeration nucleation chamber;

(2) The dust-laden flue gas is in countercurrent contact with the steam in the steam phase transition section of the agglomeration nucleation chamber. Under the cooling condition of the nucleation chamber, the increase of the steam supersaturation causes the steam to condense and adhere to the surface of the fine particles to realize the heterogeneous nucleation process. After passing through the vortexing trays arranged alternately in the turbulent agglomeration section of the agglomeration nucleation chamber, the turbulence degree of the flue gas flow field increases, the probability of particle collision and agglomeration increases, and the coarse particles are promoted.

(3) After the fine particles in the flue gas are coarsely granulated by the agglomeration and nucleation chamber, they enter the cyclone separation unit quickly through the flue gas pipe, and the dust-laden flue gas is strengthened by the secondary air introduced by the cyclone blades and the secondary air inlet pipe. Then, a vortex flow field is formed in the cyclone separation chamber, and the gas-solid centrifugal separation is carried out.

(4) The purified flue gas after centrifugal separation is transported to the exhaust gas discharge device through the flue gas outlet pipe, and the ash particles descend along the near wall surface of the cyclone separation chamber and the surface of the reflective screen to the bottom of the cyclone separation chamber, and are output to the ash recovery device through the dust outlet.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

1. The vapor phase change agglomeration and turbulent agglomeration are integrated into the pre-separation of flue gas particles, and a high-efficiency exhaust gas treatment system based on the coupling of pre-treatment and cyclone is proposed. The solid separation mechanism realizes the benign complementation of the three gas-solid separation mechanisms, meets the environmental protection requirements for energy saving and emission reduction of industrial exhaust gas, and has a high separation effect;

2. Under the premise of ensuring the high separation efficiency of the device, the device has a compact structure, a small overall footprint, and fewer manual operation steps, stable and convenient operation, and effectively reduces the footprint and manufacturing cost of the device;

3. A down-inlet axial-flow cyclone separator is proposed. By setting the secondary air structure with double inlets and the reflective screen structure, the stability of the internal flow field of the cyclone separator is ensured, and the secondary back-mixing entrainment of the downward ash particles is reduced. Improve cyclone separation efficiency.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compact industrial exhaust fine particulate matter efficient removal and cooling device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal components of the cyclone separation unit;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the agglomeration nucleation chamber;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tongue-shaped column plate;

In the attached drawings: 1-skirt, 2-flue gas inlet pipe, 3-gravity sedimentation chamber, 4-steam pipeline inlet pipe, 5-agglomeration nucleation chamber, 6-cooling water outlet pipe, 7-reflection screen, 8- Cyclone separation chamber, 9- flue gas outlet pipe, 10- secondary air inlet pipe, 11- rotating blade, 12- flue gas pipe, 13- dust exhaust pipe, 14- vortexing tray group, 15- steam distributor , 16- cooling water inlet pipe, 17- sewage outlet.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings.

The implementation method of the present invention is described below by specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Referring to the accompanying drawings, the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings in this specification are only used to cooperate with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those who are familiar with the technology, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The limited conditions of implementation, so it has no technical significance, any modification of the structure, the change of the proportional relationship or the adjustment of the size, without affecting the effect that the present invention can produce and the purpose that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope of the present invention. The technical content disclosed in the present invention must be within the scope of coverage. At the same time, the position-defining terms quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and clarity, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The change or adjustment of the relative relationship, without substantial changes to the technical content, should also be It is regarded as the scope in which the present invention can be implemented.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of the compact industrial exhaust fine particulate matter efficient removal and cooling device of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the compact industrial exhaust fine particulate matter efficient removal and cooling device includes a flue gas pretreatment unit and a cyclone separation unit. The flue gas pretreatment unit includes a flue gas inlet pipe 2, a gravity settling chamber 3, a sewage outlet 17, a steam distributor 15, a vortex-generating tray group 14 and an agglomeration and nucleation chamber 5. The flue gas inlet pipe 2 is arranged in the In the gravity settling chamber 3, the flue gas to be treated is introduced into the device through the flue gas inlet pipe 2. The lower part of the gravity settling chamber 3 is provided with a sewage outlet 17, and the sewage outlet 17 is connected to a water treatment system. The vortex tray group 14 is arranged in the steam phase change chamber, the steam distributor 15 is connected to a common steam pipeline through a steam line, and the agglomeration nucleation chamber 5 is a jacketed double-layer structure with a water wall. The flue gas outlet of the nucleation chamber 5 is connected to the cyclone separation unit through a flue gas pipe 12 .

The cyclone separation unit includes a cyclone blade 11, a reflection screen 7, a secondary air inlet pipe 10, a flue gas outlet pipe 9 and an ash discharge pipe 13. The cyclone blade 11 is fixed on the inner pipe wall of the upper end of the flue gas pipe 12, The reflecting screen 7 is welded and fixed to the outer pipe wall of the upper end of the flue gas pipe 12, the secondary air inlet pipe 10 is arranged on the upper part of the cyclone separation unit, and the secondary air inlet pipe 10 is connected to the air supply system through a pipe. The outlet pipe 9 is connected to a tail gas discharge device through a flue gas pipeline, and the ash discharge pipe 13 is arranged at the lower end of the cyclone separation unit and is connected to an external ash recovery device.

The gravity settling chamber 3 is a large-diameter section of the variable-diameter tower body, and the opening of the flue gas inlet pipe 2 faces downward.

The agglomeration nucleation chamber 5 is divided into a vapor phase transition section and a turbulent agglomeration section from bottom to top. A flue gas inlet is provided, the flue gas inlet is connected to the flue gas outlet of the gravity settling chamber 3 through a flange, the opening of the steam distributor 15 is facing the direction of the inflow of the flue gas, and the steam distributor 15 is connected to the public through the steam pipeline. In the steam pipeline, the turbulent agglomeration section is mainly composed of the vortex-forming tray group 14 and the inner wall of the agglomeration nucleation chamber 5. The turbulent agglomeration section is provided with a flue gas outlet, which is connected to the flue gas pipe 12. The vortex-generating column plate group 14 is fixed at a designated position inside the turbulent agglomeration chamber. The upper triangular prism is vertically crossed on the central axis of the triangular prism plate, and the two pairs of parallel triangular prisms on the well-shaped triangular prism plate are respectively arranged symmetrically up and down with the central axis of the triangular prism plate as the axis. The zigzag triangular prism plates are arranged at equal intervals in the agglomeration and nucleation chamber 5, and the bottom surface of the triangular prism faces the inflow direction of the flue gas.

The main body of the cyclone separation unit is an axial flow cyclone separator, and the axial flow cyclone separator is in the form of lower air intake and lower dust discharge.

The agglomeration and nucleation chamber 5 is a jacket-type double-layer structure with a water-cooled wall, which has a certain cooling effect on the flue gas to be treated, thereby reducing the overall energy loss of the device.

A reflection screen 7 is provided outside the outlet of the flue gas pipe 12, and the reflection screen 7 is a conical ring structure with a high center and a low periphery, so as to reduce the secondary back-mixing of the descending particles.

The secondary air inlet pipe 10 adopts a symmetrical double inlet structure and is arranged at the upper part of the cyclone separation chamber 8 to reduce the influence of the secondary air on the downward flow field of the particles.

The secondary air inlet pipe 10 adopts a symmetrical double-cut inlet structure, and the secondary air inlet pipe 10 introduces high-speed clean air into the cyclone separation chamber 8 to form a vortex flow field. The vortex flow field formed by 11 has the same rotation direction, and the purpose is to strengthen the vortex strength of the flow field in the cyclone separation chamber 8. The secondary air inlet pipe 10 is arranged on the upper part of the cyclone separation chamber 8 to reduce the secondary air for the particles to descend. influence of the flow field.

The specific working process is as follows: the industrial exhaust gas to be purified is introduced into the gravity settling chamber 3 of the dust collector through the flue gas inlet pipe 2, the dust-laden flue gas is decelerated to achieve the gravity settling of larger particle size particles, and the flue gas after treatment ascends into the agglomeration and nucleation chamber 5; The dust-laden flue gas is in countercurrent contact with the steam in the steam phase change section of the agglomeration nucleation chamber 5. Under the cooling condition of the nucleation chamber, the increase of the steam supersaturation causes the steam to condense and adhere to the surface of the fine particles to realize the heterogeneous nucleation process. After passing through the vortex-generating tray groups 14 arranged alternately in the turbulent agglomeration sections of the agglomeration nucleation chamber 5, the turbulence degree of the flue gas flow field increases, the probability of particle collision and agglomeration increases, and the coarse particles are promoted. After the fine particles in the flue gas are coarsely granulated by the agglomeration and nucleation chamber, they enter the cyclone separation unit quickly through the flue gas pipe. A vortex flow field is formed in the cyclone separation chamber for gas-solid centrifugal separation. The purified flue gas after centrifugal separation is transported to the exhaust gas discharge device by the flue gas outlet pipe 9, and the ash particles descend to the bottom of the cyclone separation chamber 8 along the near wall surface of the cyclone separation chamber and the surface of the reflection screen 7, and are output to the ash recovery device through the dust discharge port 13 .

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, they do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work. Modifications or deformations of various equivalent structures or equivalent processes that can be made, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A compact type industrial tail gas fine particle matter efficient removing and cooling device is characterized by comprising a flue gas pretreatment unit and a cyclone separation unit; the flue gas pretreatment unit comprises a gravity settling chamber and a steam phase change chamber, the lower end of the steam phase change chamber is communicated with the upper part of the gravity settling chamber, a flue gas inlet pipe and a drain outlet are arranged in the gravity settling chamber, the flue gas inlet pipe is arranged in the gravity settling chamber, flue gas to be treated is introduced into the device through the flue gas inlet pipe, the drain outlet is arranged at the lower part of the gravity settling chamber, the drain outlet is connected with a public water treatment system pipeline, a steam distributor and a vortex-making tower plate are arranged in the steam phase change chamber, the steam distributor is externally connected with the public steam system pipeline through a steam pipeline, the vortex-making tower plate is arranged in an agglomeration nucleation chamber, the agglomeration nucleation chamber is of a jacket type double-layer structure with a water-cooled wall and is positioned in the steam phase change chamber, and the outlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit is connected with a cyclone separation unit through a flue gas pipe;

the cyclone separation unit comprises a rotary vane, a reflection screen, a secondary air inlet pipe, a flue gas outlet pipe and an ash discharge pipe, wherein the rotary vane is fixed on the inner side of the outlet pipe wall at the upper end of the flue gas pipe; the reflecting screen is a conical ring structure with a high center and low periphery.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a variable diameter tower structure comprising a bottom large diameter section and an upper small diameter section, the gravity settling chamber is arranged on the large diameter section of the variable diameter tower body, and the flue gas inlet pipe is opened downwards.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the steam phase change chamber is divided into a steam phase change section and a turbulent flow agglomeration section from bottom to top, the steam phase change section is composed of a steam distributor and an inner wall surface of a cylinder of the agglomeration nucleation chamber part, the steam phase change section is provided with a flue gas inlet, the flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas outlet of the gravity settling chamber through a flange, the steam distributor is provided with a downward opening and faces the incoming flow direction of the flue gas, the steam distributor is externally connected with a common steam pipeline through a steam pipeline, the turbulent flow agglomeration section is composed of a vortex-making tower plate group and an inner wall surface of a cylinder of the agglomeration chamber part, the turbulent flow agglomeration section is provided with a flue gas outlet, the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas pipe, and the vortex-making tower plate group is composed of a plurality of vortex-making tower plates which are equidistantly arranged in the agglomeration chamber.

4. The device of claim 3, further characterized in that the vortex making tower plate group comprises two forms of a cross-shaped triangular prism tower plate and a well-shaped triangular prism tower plate, wherein the triangular prisms on the cross-shaped triangular prism tower plate are vertically and crossly arranged on the central axis of the triangular prism tower plate, two pairs of parallel triangular prisms on the well-shaped triangular prism tower plate are vertically and symmetrically arranged by taking the central axis of the triangular prism tower plate as an axis respectively, the cross-shaped triangular prism tower plate and the well-shaped triangular prism tower plate are equidistantly and alternately arranged in the agglomeration nucleation chamber, and the bottom surfaces of the triangular prisms are right opposite to the incoming flow direction of the flue gas.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized in that the cyclone unit body is an axial flow cyclone separator in the form of a lower inlet and a lower outlet.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further characterized in that the overfire air inlet duct is a symmetrical double-slit inlet structure.

7. The dust removing method of the compact type industrial tail gas fine particle matter high-efficiency removing and cooling device according to any one of the claims 1-6, which comprises the following specific working processes:

(1) introducing industrial tail gas to be purified into the gravity settling chamber of the device through a flue gas inlet pipe, decelerating dust-containing flue gas to realize free settling of large-particle-size particles, and allowing the flue gas subjected to gravity settling treatment to ascend to enter an agglomeration nucleation chamber;

(2) the flue gas is in countercurrent contact with steam at a steam phase transition section in an agglomeration nucleation chamber, the steam supersaturation degree is increased under the cooling condition of the nucleation chamber, so that the steam is condensed and attached to the surface of fine particles, the heterogeneous nucleation process is realized, and then the flue gas flow field turbulence degree is increased after passing through vortex making tower plate groups arranged at intervals at a turbulent agglomeration section of the agglomeration chamber, the particle collision agglomeration probability is increased, and the coarse granulation of the particles is promoted;

(3) after coarse granulation of fine particles in the flue gas is carried out in an agglomeration nucleation chamber, the fine particles quickly ascend through a flue gas pipe and enter a cyclone separation unit, after the dust-containing flue gas is strengthened by matching of a cyclone blade and secondary air introduced by a secondary air inlet pipe, a vortex flow field is formed in the cyclone separation chamber, and gas-solid centrifugal separation is carried out;

(4) the purified flue gas after centrifugal separation is conveyed to a tail gas discharge device through a flue gas outlet pipe, and ash particles descend to the bottom of the cyclone separation chamber along the near-wall surface of the cyclone separation chamber and the surface of the reflecting screen and are output to an ash recovery device through a dust exhaust port.

Images