CN112310989B - An overflow energy storage power circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an overflow energy storage type power supply circuit which comprises an energy storage circuit, a rectifying and filtering circuit, a booster circuit, an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit, a first switch control circuit S1 and a second switch control circuit. During the operation of the micro-generator based on the elastic energy storage element, the rotating speed of the generator is gradually attenuated from high to low. When the overvoltage detection circuit works normally, the energy storage circuit stores redundant electric energy in the front stage with higher rotating speed and releases the stored electric energy through the booster circuit in the rear stage with lower rotating speed under the control of the overvoltage detection circuit; when overload occurs, the energy storage circuit stores the electric energy generated by the generator for subsequent use under the control of the overcurrent detection circuit. The invention prolongs the power supply time of the micro generator based on the elastic energy storage element and improves the overall efficiency of the generator.

Description

An overflow energy storage power supply circuit

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of micro-generators, and in particular relates to an overflow energy storage type power supply circuit.

Background technique

In some portable devices with long-term storage requirements, in order to ensure that the supporting power supply does not fail during the storage period, physical power sources based on micro-generators are often used instead of chemical power sources such as batteries. This type of micro-generator mainly uses elastic elements such as springs, coil springs or springs to store energy, and these elements are tightened before storage. When the portable device needs power, the elastic potential energy stored is converted into electrical energy by releasing the elastic elements Support the device to work properly.

CN201710011983.2 discloses a kind of "spring clockwork micro-generator", in which the spring clockwork is stored by manpower rotating the knob, and then the damping sheet and the damping gear cooperate with each other to control the slow release of the clockwork spring, so that the elastic potential energy is stably released. converted into electrical energy. However, although this invention prolongs the power supply time by adding damping sheets and damping gears, the low speed time of the generator is still long, and the voltage provided at the low speed of the generator is relatively low, and the subsequent circuit generally cannot work normally. The residual kinetic energy cannot be fully utilized, and the stored energy will also be released quickly when overloaded. These two reasons make the conversion efficiency of the invention low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an overflow energy storage type power supply circuit, which is suitable for a micro-generator, so that the generator can still supply power normally at a low speed or even for a period of time after it stops rotating, and when it is overloaded, it can still supply power normally. The electrical energy produced by the generator is stored again.

The technical solution to achieve the purpose of the present invention is: an overflow energy storage type power supply circuit, including an energy storage circuit, a rectification filter circuit, a boost circuit, an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit, a first switch control circuit S1 and The second switch control circuit S2. The output end of the generator is connected to the input end of the rectifier filter circuit. The output end of the rectifier filter circuit is divided into two channels, one channel is directly connected to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, and the other channel passes through the first switch control circuit S1 and the energy storage circuit in turn. . The boost circuit is connected to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, and the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit is connected to the load through the second switch control circuit S2. The input end of the overvoltage detection circuit is connected to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, the output end of the overvoltage detection circuit is connected to the control end of the first switch control circuit S1, and the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit is connected to the first switch control circuit S1 and the control terminal of the second switch control circuit S2 is connected. Using the energy storage circuit, the excess electrical energy can be stored when the generator speed is high or overloaded; using the boost circuit, the previously stored electrical energy can be raised to the required voltage when the generator speed is low or stopped. , in order to prolong the power supply time of the generator and improve the efficiency; using the overcurrent detection circuit, the load can be cut off when overloaded, and the electric energy can be stored in the energy storage circuit for subsequent use.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

(1) When the rotational speed of the micro-generator based on the elastic energy storage element is high, the excess electrical energy can be stored in the energy storage circuit, and when the rotational speed of the generator is low or even stopped for a period of time, the energy can be stored from the energy storage. The electric energy is taken out from the circuit for the load to use, which prolongs the power supply time of the generator.

(2) The damping of the generator is not deliberately increased, so that the low-speed running time of the generator is shorter, the kinetic energy of the generator is fully utilized, and the efficiency of the generator is improved.

(3) When overloaded, the power supply to the load is stopped, and the electric energy is stored in the energy storage circuit for subsequent use, avoiding the waste of electric energy during overloading.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an overflowed energy storage power supply circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an overflow energy storage power supply circuit of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An overflow energy storage power supply circuit according to the present invention is suitable for a micro-generator, and includes an energy storage circuit, a rectification filter circuit, a boost circuit, an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit, and a first switch control circuit. S1 and the second switch control circuit S2.

As shown in FIG. 1 , solid lines indicate connections between main circuits, and dotted lines indicate connections between control circuits. In the main circuit, the output end of the generator is connected to the input end of the rectifier filter circuit, the output end of the rectifier filter circuit is divided into two channels, one channel is directly connected to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, and the other channel passes through the first switch control circuit in turn S1, the energy storage circuit and the booster circuit are connected to the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, and the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit is connected to the load through the second switch control circuit S2. In the control circuit, the input end of the overvoltage detection circuit is connected with the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, the output end of the overvoltage detection circuit is connected with the control end of the first switch control circuit S1, and the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit is connected with the control end of the first switch control circuit S1. The control terminals of a switch control circuit S1 and a second switch control circuit S2 are connected.

Among them, the use of the energy storage circuit can store excess electric energy when the generator speed is high or overloaded; using the boost circuit, the previously stored electric energy can be raised to all the power when the generator speed is low or stops rotating. Voltage is required to extend the power supply time of the generator and improve efficiency; using the overcurrent detection circuit, the load can be cut off when overloaded, and the electric energy can be stored in the energy storage circuit for subsequent use.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the circuit structure and principle of the above-mentioned energy storage circuit, rectifier filter circuit, boost circuit, overvoltage detection circuit, overcurrent detection circuit, first switch control circuit S1 and second switch control circuit S2 are described in turn. Be explained:

The energy storage circuit includes a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a first reference source U1, a second reference source U2, a third reference source U3, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a third reference source U1. Three resistors R3. The negative electrode of the second capacitor C2 and the anode of the first reference source U1 are grounded respectively. The positive electrode of the second capacitor C2 is divided into two paths, one is connected to the reference pin of the first reference source U1, and the other is connected to the negative electrode of the third capacitor C3. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of the first reference source U1, and the other end is connected to the reference pin of the first reference source U1 and the anode of the second reference source U2 respectively. The reference pin of the second reference source U2 is connected to the negative electrode of the fourth capacitor C4, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the cathode of the second reference source U2, and the other end is connected to the reference pin of the second reference source U2 and the The anode of the three reference sources U3, the anode of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the reference pin of the third reference source U3, one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of the third reference source U3, the other end is divided into three paths, the first path is connected The reference pin of the third reference source U3, the second path is connected to the boosting circuit, and the third path is connected to the first switch control circuit S1.

In the energy storage circuit, the three capacitors are all Farad capacitors, and the models of the three reference sources are all TL431. The withstand voltage value of the energy storage circuit obtained by connecting three Farad capacitors in series is much higher than that of a single Farad capacitor, and when the charging voltage is higher than the reference voltage value inside the TL431, the triode of the output stage is turned on, and the Farad capacitor passes through the branch where the TL431 is located. Leakage current to ensure that the voltage across the Farad capacitor does not exceed its own withstand voltage value.

The rectifier filter circuit includes a first rectifier bridge D1 and a first capacitor C1. The output end of the generator is connected to the AC input end of the first rectifier bridge D1, while the DC output end of the first rectifier bridge D1 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first capacitor C1 in turn. The booster circuit is connected to the first switch control circuit S1.

In the rectifying and filtering circuit, the sinusoidal voltage output by the generator is rectified and filtered to obtain a pulsating DC voltage.

The boost circuit includes a fourth power management chip U4, a fourth diode D4, a first transistor Q1, a first inductor L1, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, and a fourth resistor R4, fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, seventh resistor R7, eighth resistor R8, ninth resistor R9 and tenth resistor R10. The compensation pin Vc of the fourth power management chip U4 is grounded through the seventh resistor R7 and the sixth capacitor C6 in sequence, the feedback pin FB of the fourth power management chip U4 is grounded through the ninth resistor R9, and one end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the first. The other end of the feedback pin FB of the four power management chip U4 is divided into three paths, the first path is connected to the anode of the seventh capacitor C7, the second path is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4, and the third path is connected to the first switch In the control circuit S1, the shutdown pin SHDN of the fourth power management chip U4 is respectively connected to one end of the sixth resistor R6 and the collector of the first transistor Q1, the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is grounded, and the first transistor Q1 is connected to the ground. The base of Q1 is connected to the undervoltage output pin LBO of the fourth power management chip U4 and one end of the eighth resistor R8 respectively, the ground pin GND of the fourth power management chip U4 is connected to the negative electrode of the seventh capacitor C7, and the fourth power management chip The ground pin GND of the chip U4 is connected to ground, and the switch pin SW of the fourth power management chip U4 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4, the other path is connected to one end of the first inductor L1, the first inductor The other end of L1 is respectively connected to the positive pole of the fifth capacitor C5, the voltage input pin VIN of the fourth power management chip U4, the other end of the eighth resistor R8, the other end of the sixth resistor R6, and the energy storage circuit, and the fifth capacitor C5 The negative pole and one end of the fifth resistor R5 are grounded respectively. The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is divided into two channels, one is connected to the undervoltage input pin LBI of the fourth power management chip U4, and the other is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4. The other end of the fourth resistor R4 is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 in the rectification and filter circuit, and the other is connected to the first switch control circuit S1.

In the boost circuit, the power management chip model is LT1317, the chip is embedded with a switch tube, and the switch tube, the first inductor L1, the fourth diode D4, the fifth capacitor C5, and the seventh capacitor C7 constitute a Boost circuit. . The ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10 are voltage sampling elements in the feedback loop, and their ratio determines the output voltage of the boost circuit. The seventh resistor R7 and the sixth capacitor C6 compensate the internal error amplifier of the chip to improve its frequency response characteristics. The fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are the sampling elements of the DC voltage obtained after filtering. When the filtered voltage is greater than the required output voltage, the under-voltage output pin outputs a low level, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, and the power management The boost function of the chip is turned off. When the filtered voltage is less than the required output voltage, the undervoltage output pin outputs a high level, the first transistor Q1 is turned on, the boost function of the power management chip is turned on, and the boost circuit starts. work to raise the voltage in the tank circuit to the required voltage. In addition, the sixth resistor R6 and the eighth resistor R8 are used as pull-up resistors.

The overvoltage detection circuit includes a third transistor Q3, a first voltage regulator Z1 and a twelfth resistor R12. The cathode of the first voltage regulator Z1 is divided into two paths, the first path is connected to the first switch control circuit S1, the second path is connected to the overcurrent detection circuit, and the anode of the first voltage regulator Z1 is connected to the third voltage through the twelfth resistor R12. The base of the transistor Q3, the emitter of the third transistor Q3 are grounded, and the collector of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the first switch control circuit S1.

In the overvoltage detection circuit, when the input voltage exceeds the turn-on voltage of the first voltage regulator Z1, the third transistor Q3 is turned on, and outputs a low-level overvoltage control signal to the first switch control circuit S1.

The overcurrent detection circuit includes a fourth transistor Q4, a fifth transistor Q5, a sixth transistor Q6, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, and a fifteenth resistor R15. The emitter of the fifth transistor Q5 is respectively connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor R14 and the cathode of the first voltage regulator Z1 in the overvoltage detection circuit. The emitter of the six triode Q6, the other way is connected to one end of the fifteenth resistor R15, the other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is divided into three ways, of which the first way is connected to the switch control circuit S2, and the second way is connected to the fifth and third The base of the transistor Q5, the third way is connected to the base of the sixth transistor Q6, the collector of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the switch control circuit S2, and the collector of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the base of the fourth transistor Q4, the emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 is grounded, and the collector of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the collector of the third transistor Q3 in the overvoltage detection circuit.

In the overcurrent detection circuit, as the output current increases, the voltages across the fourteenth resistor R14 and the fifteenth resistor R15, which are current sampling resistors, increase, and the fifth transistor Q5 and the sixth transistor Q6 is turned on successively. After the fifth transistor Q5 is turned on, the fourth transistor Q4 is also turned on, and outputs a low-level overcurrent control signal to the first switch control circuit S1; after the sixth transistor Q6 is turned on, its The voltage between the emitter and the collector becomes very small, and a high-level overcurrent control signal is output to the second switch control circuit S2.

The first switch control circuit S1 includes a second MOS transistor Q2, a third diode D3, an eleventh resistor R11 and a fifth common cathode diode D5. The cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the third resistor R3 in the tank circuit and the sixth resistor R6 in the boost circuit respectively, the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor Q2, and the second MOS transistor The gate of Q2 is respectively connected to one end of the eleventh resistor R11 and the collector of the third transistor Q3 in the overvoltage detection circuit, and the source of the second MOS transistor Q2 is respectively connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 and the fifth One anode of the common cathode diode D5, the other anode of the fifth common cathode diode D5 is connected to the anode of the seventh capacitor C7 in the boost circuit, and the cathode of the fifth common cathode diode D5 is connected to the first voltage regulator tube Z1 in the overvoltage detection circuit the cathode.

In the first switch control circuit S1, when the DC voltage obtained after rectification and filtering is high, the upper tube of the fifth common cathode diode D5 is turned on, the lower tube is turned off, and the rectified and filtered electric energy is directly sent to the load through the upper tube. , when the voltage on the filter capacitor drops, the lower tube of the fifth common cathode diode D5 is turned on, the upper tube is turned off, and the energy in the energy storage circuit is boosted by the boost circuit and then sent to the load to ensure that the load is fully The power supply voltage obtained during the working time is kept within an appropriate range; when the input voltage is too high or the output current is too large, the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 is pulled to a low level, and a current flows across the eleventh resistor R11 However, when the voltage across the eleventh resistor R11 is greater than the turn-on threshold of the MOS transistor, the second MOS transistor Q2 is turned on, and the rectified and filtered electrical energy is sent to the energy storage circuit to store excess electrical energy.

The second switch control circuit S2 includes a seventh MOS transistor Q7 and a sixteenth resistor R16. The source of the seventh MOS transistor is connected to the base of the fifth transistor Q5 in the overcurrent detection circuit, and the gate of the seventh MOS transistor is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to the sixth transistor Q6 in the overcurrent detection circuit. The collector is connected, the other is grounded through the sixteenth resistor R16, and the load is connected in parallel between the drain of the seventh MOS transistor and the ground.

In the second switch control circuit S2, when the output current is too large, the gate potential of the seventh MOS transistor Q7 is raised to be equivalent to the source, and the seventh MOS transistor Q7 is turned off to disconnect the load from the main circuit. .

In the previous stage of the generator's operation (the rotation speed is high at this time), the electric energy gets a high DC voltage after passing through the rectification filter circuit, the booster circuit does not work, and the overvoltage detection circuit outputs a control signal to turn on the second MOS transistor Q2 At this time, a part of the electric energy is sent to the load through the flow detection circuit and the seventh MOS transistor Q7 in turn, and the other part of the electric energy is sent to the energy storage circuit through the second MOS transistor Q2; or has stopped rotating), the DC voltage obtained after rectification and filtering is low, the boost circuit works, and under its action, the energy in the energy storage circuit is raised to the required voltage, and the overvoltage detection circuit outputs a control signal to make the second The MOS transistor Q2 is turned off, and the electric energy is sent to the load through the energy storage circuit, the booster circuit, the overcurrent detection circuit and the seventh MOS transistor Q7 in turn; The MOS tube Q2 is turned on, the seventh MOS tube Q7 is turned off, the load is disconnected from the main circuit, and all the electric energy is sent to the energy storage circuit.

Claims (4)

1. An overflow energy storage power supply circuit, characterized by: the circuit comprises an energy storage circuit, a rectifying filter circuit, a booster circuit, an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit, a first switch control circuit S1 and a second switch control circuit S2;

the output end of the generator is connected to the input end of the rectifying and filtering circuit, the output end of the rectifying and filtering circuit is divided into two paths, one path is directly connected with the input end of the over-current detection circuit, the other path is connected with the input end of the over-current detection circuit through the first switch control circuit S1, the energy storage circuit and the booster circuit in sequence, and the output end of the over-current detection circuit is connected with a load through the second switch control circuit S2; the input end of the overvoltage detection circuit is connected with the input end of the overcurrent detection circuit, the output end of the overvoltage detection circuit is connected with the control end of the first switch control circuit S1, and the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit is connected with the control ends of the first switch control circuit S1 and the second switch control circuit S2;

the energy storage circuit stores redundant electric energy when the rotating speed of the generator is high or the generator is overloaded;

when the rotating speed of the generator is low or the generator stops rotating, the booster circuit boosts the previously stored electric energy to the required voltage so as to prolong the power supply time of the generator and improve the efficiency;

the over-current detection circuit cuts off the load when the over-current detection circuit is overloaded, and the electric energy is stored in the energy storage circuit for subsequent use;

the boost circuit comprises a fourth power management chip U4, a fourth diode D4, a first triode Q1, a first inductor L1, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9 and a tenth resistor R10; the power management chip is LT1317, a switch tube is embedded in the chip, and the switch tube, a first inductor L1, a fourth diode D4, a fifth capacitor C5 and a seventh capacitor C7 form a Boost circuit; the ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10 are voltage sampling elements in the feedback loop, and the ratio of the voltage sampling elements determines the output voltage of the booster circuit; the seventh resistor R7 and the sixth capacitor C6 compensate the error amplifier inside the chip, and the frequency response characteristic of the error amplifier is improved; the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are sampling elements of the direct-current voltage obtained after filtering, when the voltage after filtering is larger than the required output voltage, the undervoltage output pin outputs a low level, the first triode Q1 is cut off, the boosting function of the power management chip is closed, when the voltage after filtering is smaller than the required output voltage, the undervoltage output pin outputs a high level, the first triode Q1 is switched on, the boosting function of the power management chip is switched on, the boosting circuit starts to work, and the voltage in the energy storage circuit is boosted to the required voltage; in addition, a sixth resistor R6 and an eighth resistor R8 are used as pull-up resistors;

in the previous stage of the generator operation, the rotating speed is higher at the moment, the electric energy obtains higher direct-current voltage after passing through the rectifying and filtering circuit, the booster circuit does not work, the overvoltage detection circuit outputs a control signal to enable the MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube in the first switch control circuit S1 to be conducted, at the moment, a part of electric energy is sequentially transmitted to a load through the MOS tube in the current detection circuit and the MOS tube in the second switch control circuit S2, and the other part of electric energy is transmitted to the energy storage circuit through the MOS tube in the first switch control circuit S1; at the later stage of the power generation device, the rotating speed is low or the power generation device stops rotating at the moment, the direct-current voltage obtained after rectification and filtering is low, the booster circuit works and boosts the electric energy in the energy storage circuit to the required voltage under the action of the booster circuit, the overvoltage detection circuit outputs a control signal to turn off the MOS tube in the first switch control circuit S1, and the electric energy is sent to a load through the MOS tube in the energy storage circuit, the booster circuit, the overcurrent detection circuit and the second switch control circuit S2 in sequence; in addition, when the load is over-current or short-circuited, the over-current detection circuit outputs a control signal to enable the MOS tube in the first switch control circuit S1 to be conducted, the MOS tube in the second switch control circuit S2 to be disconnected, the load is disconnected from the main circuit, and all electric energy is transmitted to the energy storage circuit.

2. The overflow energy storage power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein: the energy storage circuit comprises a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a first reference source U1, a second reference source U2, a third reference source U3, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3; the cathode of the second capacitor C2 and the common end of the anode of the first reference source U1 are grounded, the anode of the second capacitor C2 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the reference pin of the first reference source U1, the other path is connected with the cathode of the third capacitor C3, one end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the first reference source U1, the other end of the first resistor R is connected with the reference pin of the first reference source U1, the common end of the anode of the second reference source U2 is connected with the reference pin of the first reference source U1, the anode of the third capacitor C3 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the reference pin of the second reference source U2, the other path is connected with the cathode of the fourth capacitor C4, one end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the cathode of the second reference source U2, the other end of the second reference source U2, the common end of the anode of the third reference source U3 is connected with the reference pin of the second reference source U2, one end of the anode of the third resistor R3 is connected with the cathode of the third reference source U3, the other end is divided into three paths, the first path is connected with the anode of a fourth capacitor C4, the second path is connected with a booster circuit, and the third path is connected with the first path.

3. The overflow energy storage power supply circuit of claim 2, wherein: the three capacitors are all farad capacitors, and the model of the three reference sources is TL 431.

4. The overflow energy storage power supply circuit of claim 3, wherein: the withstand voltage value of the energy storage circuit obtained by sequentially connecting the three farad capacitors in series is far higher than that of a single farad capacitor, and when the charging voltage is higher than the reference voltage value in the TL431, the triode of the output stage of the energy storage circuit is conducted, and the farad capacitor is drained through the branch where the TL431 is located, so that the voltages at two ends of the farad capacitor cannot exceed the withstand voltage value of the farad capacitor.

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