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CN112304026A - Crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system and working method thereof - Google Patents

Crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system and working method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112304026A
CN112304026A CN202011208063.8A CN202011208063A CN112304026A CN 112304026 A CN112304026 A CN 112304026A CN 202011208063 A CN202011208063 A CN 202011208063A CN 112304026 A CN112304026 A CN 112304026A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
gas
compressor
outlet
liquid separator
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Granted
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CN202011208063.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112304026B (en
Inventor
沈九兵
严思远
卢道华
孔祥雷
郭霆
汤雁冰
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0219—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/66—Butane or mixed butanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides a crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction system, including crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction circulation system, pure refrigerant refrigeration circulation system and mixed refrigerant refrigeration circulation system, in crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction circulation system, crude oil volatile gas passes through first heat exchanger in proper order, the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the staged liquefaction is realized to fourth heat exchanger and fifth heat exchanger, crude oil volatile gas passes through the fifth heat exchanger rewarming from the fourth vapour and liquid separator, later through the second compressor compression intensification, then get into the third compressor compression through first cooler and step up, separate out surplus gaseous crude oil volatile gas through the fifth vapour and liquid separator through the fifth heat exchanger and get into the expander expansion refrigeration. The invention utilizes the protective gas nitrogen in the crude oil volatile gas as the refrigerant to carry out nitrogen expansion refrigeration, compensates the power consumption of the compressor by recovering the work done by the expansion machine, reduces the problem of high energy consumption of the peripheral low-temperature equipment, flexibly adjusts the refrigerating capacity of the system by adjusting the nitrogen flow and has good refrigerating capacity adjusting capability.

Description

Crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to fractional liquefaction recovery of crude oil volatile gas generated in the process of crude oil storage and transportation, in particular to a fractional liquefaction system of crude oil volatile gas and a working method thereof.
Background
Crude oil is a mixture of a plurality of liquid hydrocarbons such as alkane, cyclic hydrocarbon and alkene, and is characterized by strong volatility, meanwhile, the crude oil is used as an indispensable energy source, the proportion of the crude oil in a primary energy consumption structure is large, most countries in Europe, America and Asia need to import petroleum from the middle east to meet the energy supply requirement of the country, a large amount of crude oil volatile gas can be generated in the storage and transportation process of the crude oil, and based on the requirements of protecting environment and saving energy, the environmental pollution caused by directly discharging the crude oil volatile gas is avoided, and meanwhile, the requirement of not meeting the economic requirement is met, so that the crude oil volatile gas needs to be liquefied and recovered. The traditional method for liquefying and recovering the volatile gas of the crude oil generally adopts a condensation method, the condensation temperature is reduced to-170 ℃ through an external refrigeration device to ensure that the volatile gas of the crude oil is completely liquefied and recovered, and further the volatile gas reaches the national emission standard, but the low refrigeration temperature means lower energy efficiency ratio, and a plurality of ways of preparing-170 ℃ low temperature through system design or the external refrigeration device are provided, so that the reasonable refrigeration way is designed and selected, and the energy consumption required by the whole liquefaction process is reduced through the reasonable system design.
From the safety consideration, the crude oil storage tank can be poured into nitrogen gas as the protective gas, along with going on of crude oil volatile gas recovery process, nitrogen gas content is along with changing, this makes crude oil volatile gas component also can take place great change, when retrieving crude oil volatile gas, also can retrieve reuse with nitrogen gas, the work of doing through nitrogen gas self expansion refrigeration supplies to self compression power consumption usefulness, furthest's saving energy consumption, simultaneously, nitrogen expansion system's compressor and expander can be very convenient sled dress together, avoid too big space occupancy.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a staged liquefaction system for crude oil volatile gas, which adopts nitrogen of crude oil volatile gas to perform expansion refrigeration to prepare low temperature, so as to avoid the problem of high energy consumption of external low-temperature refrigeration equipment, and the designed staged liquefaction system has good cold capacity regulation capability by regulating the flow of nitrogen in the system, so as to fully adapt to the change of the component content of crude oil volatile gas, and ensure that the system operates stably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a staged liquefaction system for staged liquefaction of crude oil volatile gas, which aims at the crude oil volatile gas generated in the storage and transportation processes of crude oil, and adopts self-cascade refrigeration circulation and nitrogen expansion refrigeration in raw material gas to prepare low temperature crude oil volatile gas, and a working method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system comprises a crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction circulating system, a pure refrigerant refrigerating circulating system and a mixed refrigerant refrigerating circulating system, wherein the crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction circulating system comprises a crude oil storage tank 101, a first electromagnetic valve (119), a first compressor 102, a first heat exchanger 103, a first gas-liquid separator 104, a drying filter 120, a second heat exchanger 105, a second gas-liquid separator 106, a third heat exchanger 107, a third gas-liquid separator 108, a fourth heat exchanger 109, a fourth gas-liquid separator 110, a fifth heat exchanger 111, a second compressor 112, a first cooler 113, a third compressor 114, a second cooler 115, a fifth gas-liquid separator 116, a first expander 118, a first throttling valve 121 and a sixth gas-liquid separator 117; the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system comprises a fourth compressor 201, a third cooler 202 and a second throttling valve 203; the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system includes a fifth compressor 301, a fourth cooler 302, a sixth compressor 303, a fifth cooler 304, a seventh gas-liquid separator 305, a third throttle valve 306, and a fourth throttle valve 307;
further, in the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction cycle system, the outlet of the crude oil storage tank 101 is connected with the inlet of a first compressor 102 through a first electromagnetic valve 119, the outlet of the first compressor 102 is connected to the lower inlet a1 of a first heat exchanger 103 through a pipeline, the lower outlet a2 of the first heat exchanger 103 is connected to the inlet of a first gas-liquid separator 104, the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 104 is connected with the inlet of a drying filter 120, the outlet of the drying filter 120 is connected with the lower inlet c1 of a second heat exchanger 105, the lower outlet c2 of the second heat exchanger 105 is connected to the inlet of a second gas-liquid separator 106, the outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 106 is connected to the lower inlet e1 of a third heat exchanger 107 through a pipeline, the lower outlet e2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected to the inlet of a third gas-liquid separator 108, the outlet of the third gas-liquid separator 108 is connected to the lower inlet, the outlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 is connected to the upper inlet v1 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 through a pipeline, the upper outlet v2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 is connected to the inlet of the second compressor 112, the outlet of the second compressor 112 is connected to the inlet of the first cooler 113, the outlet of the first cooler 113 is connected to the inlet of the third compressor 114, the outlet of the third compressor 114 is connected to the inlet of the second cooler 115, the outlet of the second cooler 115 is connected to the intermediate inlet u1 of the fifth heat exchanger 111, the intermediate outlet u2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 is connected to the intermediate inlet r1 of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, the lower outlet r3 of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 is connected to the inlet of the sixth gas-liquid separator 117 through a first throttle valve 121, the upper outlet r2 of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 is connected to the inlet of an expander 118 through a pipeline, the outlet of the expander 118 is connected to the lower inlet t1 of, one path is connected to an intermediate inlet f1 of the third heat exchanger 107 through a first valve 122 and a second electromagnetic valve 123 in sequence, an intermediate outlet f2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected with an intermediate inlet j1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109, an intermediate outlet j2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to a pipeline of an outlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, the other path is connected to an upper inlet b1 of the first heat exchanger 103 through a first regulating valve 124 and a third electromagnetic valve 125 in sequence, and an upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger 103 is communicated with the atmosphere;
further, in the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, the outlet of the fourth compressor 201 is connected with the inlet of the third cooler 202, the outlet of the third cooler 202 is connected to the upper inlet d1 of the second heat exchanger 105 through the second throttling valve 203, and the upper outlet d2 of the second heat exchanger 105 is connected to the inlet of the fourth compressor 201 through a pipeline;
in the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, the outlet of the fifth compressor 301 is connected with the inlet of the fourth cooler 302, the outlet of the fourth cooler 302 is connected with the inlet of the sixth compressor 303 through a pipeline, the outlet of the sixth compressor 303 is connected with the inlet of the fifth cooler 304, the outlet of the fifth cooler 304 is connected with the intermediate inlet p1 of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305, the lower outlet p3 of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 is connected with the upper inlet n1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 through a pipeline, the upper outlet n2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected with the intermediate inlet m1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 through a third throttle valve 306, the intermediate outlet m2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected with the upper inlet h1 of the third heat exchanger 107, the upper outlet h2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected with the pipeline between the fourth cooler 302 and the sixth compressor 303, the upper outlet p 5 of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 is connected with the upper inlet o1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109, the upper outlet o2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected with the intermediate inlet, the intermediate outlet k2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to the intermediate inlet g1 of the third heat exchanger 107, and the intermediate outlet g2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected with the inlet of the fifth compressor 301 through a pipeline;
further, the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system is cascaded with the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction cycle system through a second heat exchanger 105, and the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system is cascaded with the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction cycle system through a third heat exchanger 107 and a fourth heat exchanger 109.
Further, the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction system further comprises a nitrogen storage tank 401, a pressure relief valve 406, a second regulating valve 405, a third regulating valve 402, a fourth electromagnetic valve 404 and a fifth electromagnetic valve 403, wherein an outlet s1 of the nitrogen storage tank 401 is connected to a pipeline between the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 sequentially through the third regulating valve 405 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 404, an inlet s3 of the nitrogen storage tank 401 is connected to a pipeline between the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 and the expander 118 sequentially through the fifth electromagnetic valve 403 and the third regulating valve 402, and an outlet s2 of the nitrogen storage tank 401 is connected with the pressure relief valve 406.
Further, the second compressor 112 and the third compressor 114 are both N2-CH4 variable frequency screw compressors.
Further, the expander 118 is an N2 expander.
Further, the third throttle valve 306 and the fourth throttle valve 307 are external balance thermal expansion valves.
Further, the first regulating valve 124 and the second regulating valve 405 are both temperature-controlled energy regulating valves.
Further, the third heat exchanger 107, the fourth heat exchanger 109 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 are all plate-fin heat exchangers or wound-tube heat exchangers
The invention discloses a working method of a crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system, which is divided into two working methods according to the nitrogen content of the crude oil volatile gas, and comprises the following specific contents and steps:
firstly, when the nitrogen content of crude oil volatile gas is sufficient:
opening the first electromagnetic valve 119, the second electromagnetic valve 123, the third electromagnetic valve 125, the fifth electromagnetic valve 403, the first valve 122, the first regulating valve 124 and the third regulating valve 402, closing the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 404, opening the first compressor 102, the second compressor 112, the third compressor 114, the fourth compressor 201, the fifth compressor 301, the sixth compressor 303 and the expander 118, discharging the crude oil volatile gas from the crude oil storage tank 101 after being sucked and compressed by the first compressor 102, then entering the first heat exchanger 103 for heat release, condensing part of the high boiling point crude oil volatile gas and then entering the first gas-liquid separator 104 along with the gaseous volatile gas, storing the condensed liquid in the first gas-liquid separator 104, leaving the gaseous crude oil volatile gas to flow out from the first gas-liquid separator 104, removing moisture through the drying filter 120, entering the second heat exchanger 105 for heat release and condensation, storing part of the liquefied crude oil volatile gas in the second gas-liquid separator 106, the residual gaseous volatile gas flows out of the second gas-liquid separator 106, enters the third heat exchanger 107 for heat release and condensation, the condensed liquid is stored in the third gas-liquid separator 107, the gaseous volatile gas flows out of the third gas-liquid separator 107, enters the fourth heat exchanger 109 for heat release, partially liquefies again, enters the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, the residual gas flows out of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, firstly passes through the fifth heat exchanger 111 for heat absorption and temperature recovery, is sucked and compressed by the second compressor 112, enters the first cooler 113 for heat release and temperature reduction after the pressure is increased, the gas flowing out of the first cooler 113 is sucked by the third compressor 114 for further pressure increase, sequentially enters the second cooler 115 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 for heat release and temperature reduction, the partial gas is condensed into the liquid, enters the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, flows out of the bottom outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, passes through the first throttle valve 121, and is stored in the sixth gas-liquid separator 117, the rest high-pressure gas is divided into two paths after coming out from the outlet at the top of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, one path enters the nitrogen storage tank 401 through the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 403, the other path enters the fifth heat exchanger 111 for absorbing heat after being sucked and expanded by the expander 118, the gas comes out of the fifth heat exchanger 111 after absorbing heat and is divided into two paths, one path enters the first heat exchanger 103 for absorbing heat and raising temperature and then is discharged to the atmosphere, and the other path enters the third heat exchanger 107 and the fourth heat exchanger 109 in sequence for absorbing heat and then is merged with the gas crude oil volatile gas coming out of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 and then enters the fifth heat exchanger 111;
in the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, pure refrigerant is compressed and boosted by the fourth compressor 201, enters the third cooler 202 to release heat and condense into supercooled liquid, enters the second throttle valve 203 to be throttled and cooled, enters the second heat exchanger 105 to absorb heat, is changed into superheated vapor, is sucked and compressed by the compressor again, and the cycle use of the refrigerant is completed;
in the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, mixed refrigerant is compressed and pressurized by the sixth compressor 303, then enters the fifth cooler 304 to realize partial condensation, enters the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 to realize gas-liquid separation, condensed liquid refrigerant flows out from the bottom of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305, flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109, is throttled and cooled by the third throttle valve 306, then flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109 to absorb heat and raise temperature, then flows through the third heat exchanger 107 to absorb heat and raise temperature to obtain superheated steam, gas refrigerant flowing out from the top outlet of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109 to release heat and condense, then flows through the fourth throttle valve 307, is throttled and cooled, flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109 again to absorb heat and raise temperature, then flows through the third heat exchanger 107 to absorb heat and raise temperature again to obtain superheated steam, the superheated steam is sucked and compressed by the fifth compressor 301, the discharged intermediate-temperature and pressure gaseous refrigerant flows through the fourth cooler 302 and then flows through the third heat After being converged, the refrigerants are sucked and compressed by the sixth compressor 303 and circularly reciprocate;
secondly, when the content of nitrogen in the crude oil volatile gas is insufficient:
opening the first solenoid valve 119, the second solenoid valve 123, the third solenoid valve 125, the fourth solenoid valve 404, the first valve 122, the first regulating valve 124 and the second regulating valve 405, closing the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403, opening the first compressor 102, the second compressor 112, the third compressor 114, the fourth compressor 201, the fifth compressor 301, the sixth compressor 303 and the expander 118, wherein the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle and the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle work exactly the same as the crude oil volatile gas nitrogen content, in the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction cycle, because of the nitrogen content deficiency, part of the gas from the top outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 is not stored in the nitrogen storage tank 401 through the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403, unlike that, because of the crude oil volatile gas nitrogen content deficiency, the nitrogen previously stored in the nitrogen storage tank 401 flows out through the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth solenoid valve 404, and the gas from the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 is merged and then introduced into a fifth heat exchanger 111 to supplement the amount of nitrogen lacking in the system.
Wherein the opening degree of the first regulating valve 124 is in a proportional regulating relation with the temperature of the upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger 103, and the opening degree of the second regulating valve 405 is in a proportional regulating relation with the temperature of the lower outlet t2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111.
The second regulating valve 405 and the third regulating valve 402, the fourth solenoid valve 404 and the fifth solenoid valve 403 respectively form two pairs of valve groups, when each pair of valve groups is controlled by an on-off switch, the interlocking control that one valve is opened and the other valve is closed is required to be realized, when the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth solenoid valve 404 are opened, the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403 are closed, and when the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403 are opened, the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth solenoid valve 404 are closed.
The invention realizes the staged liquefaction of crude oil volatile gas by utilizing the low temperature prepared by the self expansion of nitrogen in the crude oil volatile gas, achieves the aim of full recovery, and is a self-cascade refrigeration system for improving the cold quantity of a third heat exchanger 107 and a fourth heat exchanger 109, an outlet p3 at the bottom of a seventh gas-liquid separator 305 is connected with an inlet n1 at the upper part of the fourth heat exchanger 109, an outlet n2 at the upper part of the fourth heat exchanger 109 returns to an inlet m1 at the upper part of the fourth heat exchanger 109 after throttling and cooling by a third throttle valve 306, self-cascade is completed by absorbing the heat of the refrigerant, and the other path of the refrigerant passes through a fourth throttle valve 307, meanwhile, the third throttle valve 306 and the fourth throttle valve 307 can flexibly adjust the flow of the refrigerant by sensing the temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the refrigerant fluid from the fourth throttle valve 307 has lower pressure, so the refrigerant is required to be compressed by the fifth compressor 301, then is converged with the refrigerant passing through the third throttle valve 306, and is sucked and compressed by the sixth compressor 303. The upper portion of nitrogen gas storage tank 401 is equipped with relief valve 406 to guarantee that the storage tank is in the safe pressure within range, fourth heat exchanger 109 lower part export j2 is connected on the pipeline of fourth vapour and liquid separator 110 export, reaches nitrogen recovery cyclic utilization's purpose, thereby guarantees still to guarantee the stability of system's nitrogen circulation volume when crude oil volatile gas nitrogen content fluctuation is great, avoids crude oil volatile gas liquefaction incomplete.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention utilizes the nitrogen which is not condensed in the staged liquefaction process of the crude oil volatile gas as the refrigerant to carry out nitrogen expansion refrigeration, compared with the traditional condensation method which prepares low temperature by adding refrigeration equipment, the energy consumption for preparing the low temperature of 170 ℃ below zero is reduced, the work done by nitrogen expansion can be recovered, the nitrogen in the crude oil volatile gas is collected and stored in the nitrogen storage tank 401, the nitrogen content in the system can be flexibly adjusted through a storage tank valve, the load of precooling and other staged condensation processes is reduced, the purposes of flexibly adjusting the refrigeration capacity of the system and saving energy consumption are achieved, the change of the component content of the crude oil volatile gas is fully adapted, so that the system can be stably operated for a long time; meanwhile, a safety valve 406 is arranged above the nitrogen storage tank 401, and when the nitrogen storage tank 401 exceeds the designed pressure range, the nitrogen is emptied, so that the safety of the system is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system configuration of the present invention:
the reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 101 is a crude oil storage tank, 102 is a first compressor, 103 is a first heat exchanger, 104 is a first gas-liquid separator, 105 is a second heat exchanger, 106 is a second gas-liquid separator, 107 is a third heat exchanger, 108 is a third gas-liquid separator, 109 is a fourth heat exchanger, 110 is a fourth gas-liquid separator, 111 is a fifth heat exchanger, 112 is a second compressor, 113 is a first cooler, 114 is a second compressor, 115 is a second cooler, 116 is a fifth gas-liquid separator, 117 is a sixth gas-liquid separator, 118 is an expander, 119 is a first solenoid valve, 120 is a drying filter, 121 is a first throttle valve, 122 is a first valve, 123 is a second solenoid valve, 124 is a first regulating valve, 125 is a third solenoid valve, 201 is a fourth compressor, 202 is a third cooler, 203 is a second throttle valve, 301 is a fifth compressor, 302 is a fourth cooler, 303 is a sixth compressor, 304 is a fifth cooler, 305 is a seventh gas-liquid separator, 306 is a third throttle valve, 307 is a fourth throttle valve, 401 is a nitrogen gas storage tank, 402 is a third regulating valve, 403 is a fifth electromagnetic valve, 404 is a fourth electromagnetic valve, 405 is a second regulating valve, and 406 is a safety valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1: the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction system comprises a crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction circulating system, a pure refrigerant refrigeration circulating system and a mixed refrigerant refrigeration circulating system, wherein the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction circulating system comprises a crude oil storage tank 101, a first electromagnetic valve (119), a first compressor 102, a first heat exchanger 103, a first gas-liquid separator 104, a drying filter 120, a second heat exchanger 105, a second gas-liquid separator 106, a third heat exchanger 107, a third gas-liquid separator 108, a fourth heat exchanger 109, a fourth gas-liquid separator 110, a fifth heat exchanger 111, a second compressor 112, a first cooler 113, a third compressor 114, a second cooler 115, a fifth gas-liquid separator 116, a first expander 118, a first throttling valve 121 and a sixth gas-liquid separator 117; the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system comprises a fourth compressor 201, a third cooler 202 and a second throttling valve 203; the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system includes a fifth compressor 301, a fourth cooler 302, a sixth compressor 303, a fifth cooler 304, a seventh gas-liquid separator 305, a third throttle valve 306, and a fourth throttle valve 307;
in the crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction circulating system, an outlet of a crude oil storage tank 101 is connected with an inlet of a first compressor 102 through a first electromagnetic valve 119, an outlet of the first compressor 102 is connected to an inlet a1 at the lower part of a first heat exchanger 103 through a pipeline, an outlet a2 at the lower part of the first heat exchanger 103 is connected to an inlet of a first gas-liquid separator 104, an outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 104 is connected with an inlet of a drying filter 120, an outlet of the drying filter 120 is connected with an inlet c1 at the lower part of a second heat exchanger 105, the drying filter absorbs moisture possibly existing in the crude oil volatile gas, after precooling is performed by the first heat exchanger 103, because the second heat exchanger provides low temperature of-35 ℃, if moisture exists in the pipeline, the pipeline is easily blocked, and therefore, the drying;
the lower outlet c2 of the second heat exchanger 105 is connected to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 106, the outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 106 is connected to the lower inlet e1 of the third heat exchanger 107 through a pipeline, the lower outlet e2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected to the inlet of the third gas-liquid separator 108, the outlet of the third gas-liquid separator 108 is connected to the lower inlet i1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109, the lower outlet i2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to the inlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, the outlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 is connected to the upper inlet v1 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 through a pipeline, the upper outlet v2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 is connected to the inlet of the second compressor 112, the third heat exchanger 107, the fourth heat exchanger 109 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 are arranged in the whole crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction system after the first heat exchanger 103 and the second heat exchanger 105, the aim to realize staged condensation of different components of, because the boiling point difference between different components of the crude oil volatile gas is large, the recovery of the crude oil volatile gas is easily realized by a method of providing condensation temperature, and meanwhile, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, countercurrent heat exchange is adopted between cold and heat sources so as to fully utilize the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger;
the outlet of the second compressor 112 is connected with the inlet of a first cooler 113, the outlet of the first cooler 113 is connected with the inlet of a third compressor 114, the outlet of the third compressor 114 is connected with the inlet of a second cooler 115, the outlet of the second cooler 115 is connected to the middle inlet u1 of the fifth heat exchanger 111, the middle outlet u2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 is connected to the middle inlet r1 of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, the lower outlet r3 of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 is connected to the inlet of the sixth gas-liquid separator 117 through a first throttling valve 121, at the moment, the recovery of all crude oil volatile gas is finished, the first throttling valve 121 is used for throttling and depressurizing methane stored in the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 to a pressure level below the pressure of the sixth gas-liquid separator 117, and the storage of methane condensate;
an upper outlet r2 of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 is connected with an inlet of an expander 118 through a pipeline, an outlet of the expander 118 is connected to a lower inlet t1 of the fifth heat exchanger 111, a lower outlet t2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a middle inlet f1 of the third heat exchanger 107 through a first valve 122 and a second electromagnetic valve 123 in sequence, a middle outlet f2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected with a middle inlet j1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109, a middle outlet j2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected with a pipeline at an outlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, the other path is connected with an upper inlet b1 of the first heat exchanger 103 through a first regulating valve 124 and a third electromagnetic valve 125 in sequence, an upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger 103 is communicated with the atmosphere, after expansion and refrigeration through the expander 118, methane is firstly condensed through the fifth heat exchanger 111 and is firstly stored in the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, therefore, the first heat exchanger 103 is respectively connected to provide pre-cooling cold energy and recover redundant cold energy through the third heat exchanger 107 and the fourth heat exchanger 109, wherein a part of nitrogen is exhausted after passing through the first heat exchanger 103, and a part of nitrogen returns to the nitrogen expansion system again after passing through the third heat exchanger 107 and the fourth heat exchanger 109 to be recycled or collected in the nitrogen storage tank 401.
In the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, the outlet of the fourth compressor 201 is connected with the inlet of the third cooler 202, the outlet of the third cooler 202 is connected to the inlet d1 at the upper part of the second heat exchanger 105 through the second throttle valve 203, the outlet d2 at the upper part of the second heat exchanger 105 is connected to the inlet of the fourth compressor 201 through a pipeline, and the refrigerant in the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system can select the refrigerant with the evaporation temperature lower than-35 ℃ such as propane or CO2 and the like so as to ensure the effect of fractional condensation;
in the mixed refrigerant refrigerating cycle system, the outlet of the fifth compressor 301 is connected with the inlet of the fourth cooler 302, the outlet of the fourth cooler 302 is connected with the inlet of the sixth compressor 303 through a pipeline, the outlet of the sixth compressor 303 is connected with the inlet of the fifth cooler 304, the outlet of the fifth cooler 304 is connected with the intermediate inlet p1 of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305, the lower outlet p3 of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 is connected to the upper inlet n1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 through a pipeline, the upper outlet n2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to the middle inlet m1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 through a third throttle valve 306, after passing through the seventh gas-liquid separation 305, the refrigerant components with high boiling point are condensed and stored in the lower portion of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305, the pre-cooled gas-liquid separator is precooled by the fourth heat exchanger 109 and throttled, cooled and refluxed to the fourth heat exchanger 109 to realize the self-cascade heat exchange of cold and hot flows, and the third throttle valve 306 can adjust the flow rate of the p3 at the lower outlet of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 by detecting the temperature of the outlet m2 of the fourth heat exchanger;
an intermediate outlet m2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to an upper inlet h1 of the third heat exchanger 107, an upper outlet h2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected to a pipeline between the fourth cooler 302 and the sixth compressor 303, an upper outlet p2 of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 is connected to an upper inlet o1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109, an upper outlet o2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to an intermediate inlet k1 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 through a fourth throttle valve 307, an intermediate outlet k2 of the fourth heat exchanger 109 is connected to an intermediate inlet g1 of the third heat exchanger 107, an intermediate outlet g2 of the third heat exchanger 107 is connected to an inlet of the fifth compressor 301 through a pipeline, similarly, the refrigerant coming out of an upper outlet p2 of the seventh gas-liquid separator realizes self-cascade heat exchange through the fourth heat exchanger 109, and the two refrigerants are sucked and compressed by the sixth compressor 303 after being merged before the sixth compressor 303;
the pure refrigerant refrigeration circulation system is cascaded with the crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction circulation system through a second heat exchanger 105 and the mixed refrigerant refrigeration circulation system through a third heat exchanger 107 and a fourth heat exchanger 109.
The crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction system further comprises a nitrogen storage tank 401, a pressure relief valve 406, a second regulating valve 405, a third regulating valve 402, a fourth electromagnetic valve 404 and a fifth electromagnetic valve 403, wherein an outlet s1 of the nitrogen storage tank 401 is connected to a pipeline between the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 sequentially through the third regulating valve 405 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 404, an inlet s3 of the nitrogen storage tank 401 is connected to the pipeline between the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 and the expander 118 sequentially through the fifth electromagnetic valve 403 and the third regulating valve 402, an outlet s2 of the nitrogen storage tank 401 is connected with the pressure relief valve 406, the existence of the nitrogen storage tank 401 can ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, and the adjustment of the nitrogen flow in the nitrogen expansion refrigeration system can be easily realized through the valve adjustment, so that the refrigerating capacity of the system is adjusted.
Wherein the second compressor 112 and the third compressor 114 are both N2-CH4 variable frequency screw compressors.
The expander 118 is an N2 expander.
The third throttle valve 306 and the fourth throttle valve 307 are both external balance thermal expansion valves.
The first regulating valve 124 and the second regulating valve 405 are both temperature-controlled energy regulating valves.
The third heat exchanger 107, the fourth heat exchanger 109 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 are all plate-fin heat exchangers or wound-tube heat exchangers.
The working method of the crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system is divided into two working methods according to the nitrogen content of the crude oil volatile gas, and the specific content and the steps are as follows:
firstly, when the nitrogen content of crude oil volatile gas is sufficient:
opening a first electromagnetic valve 119, a second electromagnetic valve 123, a third electromagnetic valve 125, a fifth electromagnetic valve 403, a first valve 122, a first regulating valve 124 and a third regulating valve 402, closing a second regulating valve 405 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 404, opening a first compressor 102, a second compressor 112, a third compressor 114, a fourth compressor 201, a fifth compressor 301, a sixth compressor 303 and an expander 118, sucking and compressing crude oil volatile gas from a crude oil storage tank 101 by the first compressor 102, increasing the pressure to 0.3-0.5 MPa and then discharging, wherein the increase of the pressure is that the condensation temperature corresponding to the crude oil volatile gas is increased, so that the temperature required by fractional condensation is increased, and the load of a heat exchanger is reduced;
then the crude oil enters a first heat exchanger 103 for heat release, part of crude oil volatile gas components with the boiling point higher than 3 ℃ are condensed and then enter a first gas-liquid separator 104 together with gaseous volatile gas, the condensed liquid is stored in the first gas-liquid separator 104, the remaining gaseous crude oil volatile gas flows out of the first gas-liquid separator 104, passes through a drying filter 120 for moisture removal and then enters a second heat exchanger 105 for heat release and condensation, the partially liquefied crude oil volatile gas is stored in a second gas-liquid separator 106, the temperature of-35 ℃ is provided by the second heat exchanger 105, so that C3 components are condensed at the moment, the remaining gaseous volatile gas flows out of the second gas-liquid separator 106 and enters a third heat exchanger 107 for heat release and condensation, the condensed liquid is stored in the third gas-liquid separator 107, the C3 components are condensed again after the crude oil volatile gas passes through the third heat exchanger 107, and the aim is to ensure that the C3 components are completely condensed, the new heat exchanger can achieve the purposes of optimizing a heat exchange performance curve and improving heat exchange efficiency;
then the gaseous volatile gas comes out from the third gas-liquid separator 107, enters the fourth heat exchanger 109 to release heat, is partially liquefied again, and enters the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, the residual gas comes out from the fourth gas-liquid separator 110, firstly passes through the fifth heat exchanger 111 to absorb heat and rewarming, and then is sucked and compressed by the second compressor 112, and due to the cooling of the four heat exchangers, the crude oil volatile gas coming out from the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 has lower temperature, and the second compressor 112 and the third compressor 114 are normal temperature compressors, in order to fully utilize the cold energy of the residual crude oil volatile gas and simultaneously ensure the air inlet temperature of the compressors, the rewarming and cold energy recovery of the crude oil volatile gas are realized through the fifth heat exchanger 111;
after the pressure is increased, the gas enters the first cooler 113 for heat release and temperature reduction, the gas coming out of the first cooler 113 is sucked by the third compressor 114 for further pressure increase, the gas sequentially enters the second cooler 115 and the fifth heat exchanger 111 for heat release and temperature reduction, the refrigerant coming out of the expander 118 enters the fifth heat exchanger 111 for providing low temperature of-170 ℃, part of the refrigerant is condensed into liquid and then enters the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, the condensed liquid flows out of the bottom outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, passes through the first throttling valve 121 and then is stored in the sixth gas-liquid separator 117, the volatile gas of the crude oil is completely recovered, and the liquid recovered by the sixth gas-liquid separator 117 is C1 type components;
all the residual high-pressure gas is divided into two paths after coming out from the outlet at the top of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116, one path enters the nitrogen storage tank 401 through the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 403, the other path is sucked and expanded by the expander 118 and then enters the fifth heat exchanger 111 to absorb heat, the gas after absorbing heat is discharged from the fifth heat exchanger 111 and then is divided into two paths, one path enters the first heat exchanger 103 to absorb heat and raise temperature and then is discharged to the atmosphere, the other path enters the third heat exchanger 107 and the fourth heat exchanger 109 in sequence to absorb heat and then is converged with the gas crude oil volatile gas discharged from the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 and then enters the fifth heat exchanger 111, in order to maintain the stability of the system, the second regulating valve 405 determines whether the nitrogen content in the system needs to be recovered or increased by judging the temperature of the outlet t2 at the lower part of the fifth heat exchanger, when the nitrogen is sufficient, a part of the nitrogen is collected in the nitrogen storage tank 401, and a part of the nitrogen is used for the nitrogen expansion refrigeration cycle;
in the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, pure refrigerant is compressed and boosted by the fourth compressor 201, enters the third cooler 202 to release heat and condense into supercooled liquid, enters the second throttle valve 203 to be throttled and cooled, enters the second heat exchanger 105 to absorb heat, is changed into superheated vapor, is sucked and compressed by the compressor again, and the cycle use of the refrigerant is completed;
in the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, mixed refrigerant is compressed and pressurized by the sixth compressor 303, then enters the fifth cooler 304 to realize partial condensation, enters the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 to realize gas-liquid separation, condensed liquid refrigerant flows out from the bottom of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305, flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109, is throttled and cooled by the third throttle valve 306, then flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109 to absorb heat and raise temperature, then flows through the third heat exchanger 107 to absorb heat and raise temperature to obtain superheated steam, gas refrigerant flowing out from the top outlet of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 flows through the fourth heat exchanger 109 to release heat and condense, then flows through the fourth throttle valve 307, is throttled and cooled, then flows into the fourth heat exchanger 109 to absorb heat and raise temperature, then flows through the third heat exchanger 107 to absorb heat and raise temperature again to obtain superheated steam, the superheated steam is sucked and compressed by the fifth compressor 301, the refrigerant flowing out from the top outlet p2 of the seventh gas-liquid refrigerant 305 enters the The refrigerant discharged from the outlet p3 at the lower part of the seventh gas-liquid separator 305 is cooled by the three-throttle valve 306 to provide low temperature of-75 ℃, and after the crude oil volatile gas passes through the fourth heat exchanger 109, the C2 components are condensed and stored in the fourth gas-liquid separator 110;
the discharged medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled by the fourth cooler 302, then is merged with another medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the third heat exchanger 107, is sucked and compressed by the sixth compressor 303, and is circulated;
secondly, when the content of nitrogen in the crude oil volatile gas is insufficient:
opening the first solenoid valve 119, the second solenoid valve 123, the third solenoid valve 125, the fourth solenoid valve 404, the first valve 122, the first regulating valve 124 and the second regulating valve 405, closing the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403, opening the first compressor 102, the second compressor 112, the third compressor 114, the fourth compressor 201, the fifth compressor 301, the sixth compressor 303 and the expander 118, wherein the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle and the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle work exactly the same as the crude oil volatile gas nitrogen content, in the crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction cycle, because of the nitrogen content deficiency, part of the gas from the top outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator 116 is not stored in the nitrogen storage tank 401 through the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403, unlike that, because of the crude oil volatile gas nitrogen content deficiency, the nitrogen previously stored in the nitrogen storage tank 401 flows out through the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth solenoid valve 404, and the gas from the fourth gas-liquid separator 110 is merged and then introduced into a fifth heat exchanger 111 to supplement the amount of nitrogen lacking in the system.
The opening degree of the first regulating valve 124 is in direct proportion regulation relation with the temperature of the upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger 103, the opening degree of the second regulating valve 405 is in direct proportion regulation relation with the temperature of the lower outlet t2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111, when the temperature of the upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger 103 is higher than 3 ℃, the opening degree of the first regulating valve 124 is increased, and similarly, when the temperature of the lower outlet t2 of the fifth heat exchanger 111 is higher than-170 ℃, the opening degree of the second regulating valve 405 is increased, and vice versa.
The second regulating valve 405 and the third regulating valve 402, and the fourth solenoid valve 404 and the fifth solenoid valve 403 respectively form two pairs of valve groups, when each pair of valve groups is controlled by an on-off switch, an interlocking control that one valve must be closed when the other valve is opened is required, when the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth solenoid valve 404 are opened, the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403 must be closed, and when the third regulating valve 402 and the fifth solenoid valve 403 are opened, the second regulating valve 405 and the fourth solenoid valve 404 must be closed.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that the scope of the invention be limited only by the claims appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1.一种原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，包括原油挥发气分级液化循环系统，纯冷剂制冷循环系统以及混合冷剂制冷循环系统，所述原油挥发气分级液化循环系统包括原油储罐(101)，第一电磁阀(119)，第一压缩机(102)，第一换热器(103)，第一气液分离器(104)，干燥过滤器(120)，第二换热器(105)，第二气液分离器(106)，第三换热器(107)，第三气液分离器(108)，第四换热器(109)，第四气液分离器(110)，第五换热器(111)，第二压缩机(112)，第一冷却器(113)，第三压缩机(114)，第二冷却器(115)，第五气液分离器(116)，第一膨胀机(118)，第一节流阀(121)以及第六气液分离器(117)；所述纯冷剂制冷循环系统包括第四压缩机(201)，第三冷却器(202)以及第二节流阀(203)；所述混合冷剂制冷循环系统包括第五压缩机(301)，第四冷却器(302)，第六压缩机(303)，第五冷却器(304)，第七气液分离器(305)，第三节流阀(306)以及第四节流阀(307)；1. A crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction system is characterized in that, comprising a crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction cycle system, a pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system and a mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, and the crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction cycle system includes a crude oil storage system. Tank (101), first solenoid valve (119), first compressor (102), first heat exchanger (103), first gas-liquid separator (104), drying filter (120), second changer Heater (105), second gas-liquid separator (106), third heat exchanger (107), third gas-liquid separator (108), fourth heat exchanger (109), fourth gas-liquid separator (110), fifth heat exchanger (111), second compressor (112), first cooler (113), third compressor (114), second cooler (115), fifth gas-liquid separation compressor (116), a first expander (118), a first throttle valve (121) and a sixth gas-liquid separator (117); the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system includes a fourth compressor (201), a first Three coolers (202) and a second throttle valve (203); the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system includes a fifth compressor (301), a fourth cooler (302), a sixth compressor (303), Five coolers (304), a seventh gas-liquid separator (305), a third throttle valve (306) and a fourth throttle valve (307); 所述原油挥发气分级液化循环系统中，所述原油储罐(101)出口通过第一电磁阀(119)连接第一压缩机(102)入口，第一压缩机(102)出口通过管道接至第一换热器(103)下部入口a1，所述第一换热器(103)下部出口a2接至第一气液分离器(104)入口，第一气液分离器(104)出口连接干燥过滤器(120)入口，干燥过滤器(120)出口连接第二换热器(105)下部入口c1，所述第二换热器(105)下部出口c2接至第二气液分离器(106)入口，第二气液分离器(106)出口通过管道接至第三换热器(107)下部入口e1，第三换热器(107)下部出口e2连接第三气液分离器(108)入口，所述第三气液分离器(108)出口接至第四换热器(109)下部入口i1，第四换热器(109)下部出口i2连接第四气液分离器(110)入口，所述第四气液分离器(110)出口通过管道接至第五换热器(111)上部入口v1，第五换热器(111)上部出口v2连接第二压缩机(112)入口，所述第二压缩机(112)出口连接第一冷却器(113)入口，第一冷却器(113)出口连接第三压缩机(114)入口，第三压缩机(114)出口连接第二冷却器(115)入口，所述第二冷却器(115)出口接至第五换热器(111)中间入口u1，第五换热器(111)中间出口u2接至第五气液分离器(116)中间入口r1，第五气液分离器(116)下部出口r3通过第一节流阀(121)接至第六气液分离器(117)入口，所述第五气液分离器(116)上部出口r2通过管道连接膨胀机(118)入口，膨胀机(118)出口接至第五换热器(111)下部入口t1，所述第五换热器(111)下部出口t2分两路，一路依次通过第一阀门(122)和第二电磁阀(123)接至第三换热器(107)中间入口f1，所述第三换热器(107)中间出口f2连接第四换热器(109)中间入口j1，所述第四换热器(109)中间出口j2连接第四气液分离器(110)出口的管路上；另一路则依次通过第一调节阀(124)和第三电磁阀(125)连接第一换热器(103)上部入口b1，第一换热器(103)上部出口b2以大气相连通；In the crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction cycle system, the outlet of the crude oil storage tank (101) is connected to the inlet of the first compressor (102) through the first solenoid valve (119), and the outlet of the first compressor (102) is connected to the first compressor (102) through a pipeline. The lower inlet a1 of the first heat exchanger (103), the lower outlet a2 of the first heat exchanger (103) is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator (104), and the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (104) is connected to the dryer The inlet of the filter (120) and the outlet of the drying filter (120) are connected to the lower inlet c1 of the second heat exchanger (105), and the lower outlet c2 of the second heat exchanger (105) is connected to the second gas-liquid separator (106) ) inlet, the outlet of the second gas-liquid separator (106) is connected to the lower inlet e1 of the third heat exchanger (107) through a pipeline, and the lower outlet e2 of the third heat exchanger (107) is connected to the third gas-liquid separator (108) Inlet, the outlet of the third gas-liquid separator (108) is connected to the lower inlet i1 of the fourth heat exchanger (109), and the lower outlet i2 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) is connected to the inlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator (110) , the outlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator (110) is connected to the upper inlet v1 of the fifth heat exchanger (111) through a pipeline, and the upper outlet v2 of the fifth heat exchanger (111) is connected to the inlet of the second compressor (112), The outlet of the second compressor (112) is connected to the inlet of the first cooler (113), the outlet of the first cooler (113) is connected to the inlet of the third compressor (114), and the outlet of the third compressor (114) is connected to the second cooling unit The inlet of the cooler (115), the outlet of the second cooler (115) is connected to the intermediate inlet u1 of the fifth heat exchanger (111), and the intermediate outlet u2 of the fifth heat exchanger (111) is connected to the fifth gas-liquid separator ( 116) The middle inlet r1, the lower outlet r3 of the fifth gas-liquid separator (116) is connected to the inlet of the sixth gas-liquid separator (117) through the first throttle valve (121), and the fifth gas-liquid separator (116) ) The upper outlet r2 is connected to the inlet of the expander (118) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the expander (118) is connected to the lower inlet t1 of the fifth heat exchanger (111), and the lower outlet t2 of the fifth heat exchanger (111) is divided into two paths , all the way through the first valve (122) and the second solenoid valve (123) in turn to the middle inlet f1 of the third heat exchanger (107), and the middle outlet f2 of the third heat exchanger (107) is connected to the fourth heat exchanger The intermediate inlet j1 of the heat exchanger (109), the intermediate outlet j2 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) is connected to the pipeline of the outlet of the fourth gas-liquid separator (110); The three solenoid valves (125) are connected to the upper inlet b1 of the first heat exchanger (103), and the upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger (103) is communicated with the atmosphere; 所述纯冷剂制冷循环系统中，第四压缩机(201)出口连接第三冷却器(202)入口，第三冷却器(202)出口通过第二节流阀(203)接至第二换热器(105)上部入口d1，所述第二换热器(105)上部出口d2通过管道接至第四压缩机(201)入口；In the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, the outlet of the fourth compressor (201) is connected to the inlet of the third cooler (202), and the outlet of the third cooler (202) is connected to the second compressor through the second throttle valve (203). The upper inlet d1 of the heat exchanger (105), the upper outlet d2 of the second heat exchanger (105) is connected to the inlet of the fourth compressor (201) through a pipeline; 所述混合冷剂制冷循环系统中，第五压缩机(301)出口连接第四冷却器(302)入口，第四冷却器(302)出口通过管道连接第六压缩机(303)入口，所述第六压缩机(303)出口连接第五冷却器(304)入口，第五冷却器(304)出口接至第七气液分离器(305)中间入口p1，所述第七气液分离器(305)下部出口p3通过管道接至第四换热器(109)上部入口n1，第四换热器(109)上部出口n2通过第三节流阀(306)接至第四换热器(109)中间入口m1，所述第四换热器(109)中间出口m2接至第三换热器(107)上部入口h1，第三换热器(107)上部出口h2连接第四冷却器(302)和第六压缩机(303)之间的管路上，所述第七气液分离器(305)上部出口p2连接第四换热器(109)上部入口o1，第四换热器(109)上部出口o2通过第四节流阀(307)接至第四换热器(109)中间入口k1，所述第四换热器(109)中间出口k2接至第三换热器(107)中间入口g1，第三换热器(107)中间出口g2通过管道连接第五压缩机(301)入口；In the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, the outlet of the fifth compressor (301) is connected to the inlet of the fourth cooler (302), the outlet of the fourth cooler (302) is connected to the inlet of the sixth compressor (303) through a pipeline, and the The outlet of the sixth compressor (303) is connected to the inlet of the fifth cooler (304), and the outlet of the fifth cooler (304) is connected to the intermediate inlet p1 of the seventh gas-liquid separator (305). 305) The lower outlet p3 is connected to the upper inlet n1 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) through a pipeline, and the upper outlet n2 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) is connected to the fourth heat exchanger (109) through the third throttle valve (306) ) middle inlet m1, the middle outlet m2 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) is connected to the upper inlet h1 of the third heat exchanger (107), and the upper outlet h2 of the third heat exchanger (107) is connected to the fourth cooler (302) ) and the sixth compressor (303), the upper outlet p2 of the seventh gas-liquid separator (305) is connected to the upper inlet o1 of the fourth heat exchanger (109), and the fourth heat exchanger (109) The upper outlet o2 is connected to the middle inlet k1 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) through the fourth throttle valve (307), and the middle outlet k2 of the fourth heat exchanger (109) is connected to the middle of the third heat exchanger (107) The inlet g1 and the intermediate outlet g2 of the third heat exchanger (107) are connected to the inlet of the fifth compressor (301) through pipes; 所述纯冷剂制冷循环系统通过第二换热器(105)、混合冷剂制冷循环系统通过第三换热器(107)和第四换热器(109)与原油挥发气分级液化循环系统相级联。The pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system passes through the second heat exchanger (105), the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system passes through the third heat exchanger (107) and the fourth heat exchanger (109) and the crude volatile gas graded liquefaction cycle system phase cascade. 2.根据权利要求1所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，还包括氮气储罐(401)，泄压阀(406)，第二调节阀(405)，第三调节阀(402)，第四电磁阀(404)和第五电磁阀(403)，其中所述氮气储罐(401)出口s1依次通过第调节三阀(405)和第四电磁阀(404)接至第四气液分离器(110)和第五换热器(111)之间的管路上，所述氮气储罐(401)的入口s3依次通过第五电磁阀(403)和第三调节阀(402)接至第五气液分离器(116)和膨胀机(118)之间的管路上，氮气储罐(401)出口s2与泄压阀(406)相连接。2. The crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising a nitrogen storage tank (401), a pressure relief valve (406), a second regulating valve (405), and a third regulating valve (402) ), the fourth solenoid valve (404) and the fifth solenoid valve (403), wherein the outlet s1 of the nitrogen storage tank (401) is connected to the fourth solenoid valve (405) and the fourth solenoid valve (404) in turn through the third regulating valve (405) and the fourth solenoid valve (404) On the pipeline between the gas-liquid separator (110) and the fifth heat exchanger (111), the inlet s3 of the nitrogen storage tank (401) sequentially passes through the fifth solenoid valve (403) and the third regulating valve (402) Connected to the pipeline between the fifth gas-liquid separator (116) and the expander (118), the outlet s2 of the nitrogen storage tank (401) is connected to the pressure relief valve (406). 3.根据权利要求1所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，所述第二压缩机(112)和第三压缩机(114)均为N2-CH4变频螺杆压缩机。3. The crude oil volatile gas staged liquefaction system according to claim 1, wherein the second compressor (112) and the third compressor (114) are both N2-CH4 variable frequency screw compressors. 4.根据权利要求1所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，所述膨胀机(118)为N2膨胀机。4. The crude volatile gas graded liquefaction system according to claim 1, wherein the expander (118) is an N2 expander. 5.根据权利要求1所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，所述第三节流阀(306)和第四节流阀为(307)均为外平衡热力膨胀阀。5. The crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction system according to claim 1, wherein the third throttle valve (306) and the fourth throttle valve (307) are both externally balanced thermal expansion valves. 6.根据权利要求1所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，所述第一调节阀(124)和第二调节阀(405)均为温控能量调节阀。6. The crude oil volatile gas graded liquefaction system according to claim 1, wherein the first regulating valve (124) and the second regulating valve (405) are both temperature-controlled energy regulating valves. 7.根据权利要求1所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统，其特征在于，所述第三换热器(107)，第四换热器(109)和第五换热器(111)均为板翅式换热器或缠绕管式换热器。7. The crude volatile gas graded liquefaction system according to claim 1, wherein the third heat exchanger (107), the fourth heat exchanger (109) and the fifth heat exchanger (111) are all Plate-fin heat exchanger or wound tube heat exchanger. 8.一种根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统的工作方法，其特征在于，根据原油挥发气氮气含量分为两种工作方法，具体内容和步骤如下：8. a working method of the crude oil volatile gas classification liquefaction system according to any one of claims 1-7, is characterized in that, is divided into two kinds of working methods according to crude oil volatile gas nitrogen content, and concrete content and steps are as follows: 一、原油挥发气氮气含量充足时：1. When the nitrogen content of crude oil volatile gas is sufficient: 打开第一电磁阀(119)，第二电磁阀(123)，第三电磁阀(125)，第五电磁阀(403)，第一阀门(122)，第一调节阀(124)以及第三调节阀(402)，关闭第二调节阀(405)和第四电磁阀(404)，开启第一压缩机(102)，第二压缩机(112)，第三压缩机(114)，第四压缩机(201)，第五压缩机(301)，第六压缩机(303)以及膨胀机(118)，原油挥发气从原油储罐(101)中出来被第一压缩机(102)吸入压缩后排出，而后进入第一换热器(103)放热，部分高沸点原油挥发气冷凝后随气态挥发气一起进入第一气液分离器(104)，冷凝后的液体存储在第一气液分离器(104)中，剩下气态原油挥发气从第一气液分离器(104)流出经过干燥过滤器(120)去除水分后进入第二换热器(105)放热冷凝，部分液化的原油挥发气储存在第二气液分离器(106)中，剩余气态挥发气从第二气液分离器(106)出来后进入第三换热器(107)放热冷凝，冷凝下来的液体储存在第三气液分离器(107)内，而后气态挥发气从第三气液分离器(107)出来后进入第四换热器(109)放热再次部分液化后进入第四气液分离器(110)中，剩余气体从第四气液分离器(110)出来首先经过第五换热器(111)吸热复温后被第二压缩机(112)吸入压缩，压力提高后进入第一冷却器(113)放热降温，自第一冷却器(113)出来的气体被第三压缩机(114)吸入进一步提高压力后，依次进入第二冷却器(115)和第五换热器(111)放热降温，部分冷凝为液体后进入第五气液分离器(116)，冷凝下来的液体自第五气液分离器(116)底部出口流出经第一节流阀(121)后储存在第六气液分离器(117)中，剩余全部高压气体自第五气液分离器(116)顶部出口出来后分两路，一路经过第三调节阀(402)和第五电磁阀(403)进入氮气储罐(401)中，另一路被膨胀机(118)吸入膨胀后进入第五换热器(111)吸热，气体吸热后从第五换热器(111)出来后再分为两路，一路进入第一换热器(103)吸热升温后排出大气，另一路则依次进入第三换热器(107)和第四换热器(109)吸热后与第四气液分离器(110)出来的气态原油挥发气汇合后进入第五换热器(111)；Open the first solenoid valve (119), the second solenoid valve (123), the third solenoid valve (125), the fifth solenoid valve (403), the first valve (122), the first regulating valve (124) and the third solenoid valve (124) Regulating valve (402), closing second regulating valve (405) and fourth solenoid valve (404), opening first compressor (102), second compressor (112), third compressor (114), fourth compressor The compressor (201), the fifth compressor (301), the sixth compressor (303) and the expander (118), the crude oil volatile gas comes out from the crude oil storage tank (101) and is sucked and compressed by the first compressor (102) After discharging, it enters the first heat exchanger (103) to release heat, and part of the high-boiling crude oil volatile gas condenses and enters the first gas-liquid separator (104) together with the gaseous volatile gas, and the condensed liquid is stored in the first gas-liquid In the separator (104), the remaining gaseous crude oil volatile gas flows out from the first gas-liquid separator (104), passes through the drying filter (120) to remove moisture, and then enters the second heat exchanger (105) to release heat and condense, and the partially liquefied The crude oil volatile gas is stored in the second gas-liquid separator (106), and the remaining gaseous volatile gas comes out of the second gas-liquid separator (106) and enters the third heat exchanger (107) to release heat and condense, and the condensed liquid is stored In the third gas-liquid separator (107), the gaseous volatile gas comes out from the third gas-liquid separator (107) and then enters the fourth heat exchanger (109) to release heat and partially liquefy and then enters the fourth gas-liquid separator In (110), the remaining gas from the fourth gas-liquid separator (110) first passes through the fifth heat exchanger (111) to absorb heat and rewarm, and then is sucked and compressed by the second compressor (112), and then enters the first compressor (112) after the pressure is increased. The cooler (113) releases heat to cool down, and the gas from the first cooler (113) is sucked by the third compressor (114) to further increase the pressure, and then enters the second cooler (115) and the fifth heat exchanger ( 111) Exothermic cooling, partially condensed into liquid and then entered into the fifth gas-liquid separator (116), the condensed liquid flows out from the bottom outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator (116) and flows through the first throttle valve (121) for storage In the sixth gas-liquid separator (117), the remaining high-pressure gas comes out from the top outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator (116) and is divided into two paths, and one path passes through the third regulating valve (402) and the fifth solenoid valve (403) ) into the nitrogen storage tank (401), the other way is sucked and expanded by the expander (118) and then enters the fifth heat exchanger (111) to absorb heat, and the gas absorbs heat from the fifth heat exchanger (111) and then divides There are two paths, one path enters the first heat exchanger (103) to absorb heat and then discharges the atmosphere, and the other path enters the third heat exchanger (107) and the fourth heat exchanger (109) in turn after heat absorption and the fourth heat exchanger (109). The gaseous crude oil volatilized gas from the liquid separator (110) is combined into the fifth heat exchanger (111); 所述纯冷剂制冷循环系统中，纯制冷剂经第四压缩机(201)压缩升压后进入第三冷却器(202)放热冷凝为过冷液体，而后进入第二节流阀(203)节流降温后进入第二换热器(105)吸热后变成过热蒸气重新被压缩机吸入压缩，完成制冷剂的循环使用；In the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, the pure refrigerant is compressed and boosted by the fourth compressor (201) and then enters the third cooler (202) to release heat and condense into subcooled liquid, and then enters the second throttle valve (203) ) after throttling and cooling, it enters the second heat exchanger (105) after absorbing heat and becomes superheated vapor and is sucked and compressed by the compressor again, and the cyclic use of the refrigerant is completed; 所述混合冷剂制冷循环系统中，混合冷剂经第六压缩机(303)压缩升压后首先进入第五冷却器(304)实现部分冷凝，进入第七气液分离器(305)实现气液分离，冷凝后的液态制冷剂自第七气液分离器(305)底部流出，流经第四换热器(109)后通过第三节流阀(306)节流降温后又流经第四换热器(109)吸热升温，再经第三换热器(107)吸热升温后变为过热蒸气，从第七气液分离器(305)顶部出口出来的气态制冷剂流经第四换热器(109)放热冷凝，而后通过第四节流阀(307)节流降温后再次进入第四换热器(109)吸热升温，之后流经第三换热器(107)再次吸热升温后变为过热蒸气被第五压缩机(301)吸入压缩，出来后的中温中压气态制冷剂经过第四冷却器(302)降温后与另一路经第三换热器(107)出来后的中温中压的气态制冷剂汇合后一起被第六压缩机(303)吸入压缩，循环往复；In the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system, after being compressed and boosted by the sixth compressor (303), the mixed refrigerant first enters the fifth cooler (304) to realize partial condensation, and then enters the seventh gas-liquid separator (305) to realize the gas-liquid separation. Liquid separation, the condensed liquid refrigerant flows out from the bottom of the seventh gas-liquid separator (305), flows through the fourth heat exchanger (109), and then flows through the third throttle valve (306) to throttle and cool down, and then flows through the fourth heat exchanger (109). The fourth heat exchanger (109) absorbs heat to heat up, and then passes through the third heat exchanger (107) to absorb heat and heat up to become superheated vapor. The gaseous refrigerant from the top outlet of the seventh gas-liquid separator (305) flows through the third heat exchanger (107). The fourth heat exchanger (109) releases heat and condenses, and then passes through the fourth throttle valve (307) for throttling and cooling, and then enters the fourth heat exchanger (109) to absorb heat and heat up, and then flows through the third heat exchanger (107) After absorbing heat and heating up again, it becomes superheated vapor and is sucked and compressed by the fifth compressor (301), and the medium-temperature and medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant after coming out is cooled by the fourth cooler (302) and then passed through the third heat exchanger (107) with another path. ) after coming out, the gaseous refrigerants of medium temperature and medium pressure are sucked into and compressed by the sixth compressor (303) after they are combined, and the cycle is reciprocating; 二、原油挥发气氮气含量不足时：2. When the nitrogen content of crude oil volatile gas is insufficient: 打开第一电磁阀(119)，第二电磁阀(123)，第三电磁阀(125)，第四电磁阀(404)，第一阀门(122)，第一调节阀(124)以及第二调节阀(405)，关闭第三调节阀(402)和第五电磁阀(403)，开启第一压缩机(102)，第二压缩机(112)，第三压缩机(114)，第四压缩机(201)，第五压缩机(301)，第六压缩机(303)以及膨胀机(118)，所述纯冷剂制冷循环系统与混合冷剂制冷循环系统的工作过程与原油挥发气氮气含量充足时完全相同，在原油挥发气分级液化循环系统中，由于氮气含量不足，从第五气液分离器(116)顶部出口出来的部分气体不再通过第三调节阀(402)和第五电磁阀(403)储存在氮气储罐(401)中，与之不同的是，由于原油挥发气氮气含量不足，先前在氮气储罐(401)中储存的氮气通过第二调节阀(405)和第四电磁阀(404)流出，与第四气液分离器(110)出来的气体汇合后一起进入第五换热器(111)中，以补充系统中缺少的氮气量。Open the first solenoid valve (119), the second solenoid valve (123), the third solenoid valve (125), the fourth solenoid valve (404), the first valve (122), the first regulating valve (124) and the second solenoid valve (124) Regulating valve (405), close the third regulating valve (402) and the fifth solenoid valve (403), turn on the first compressor (102), the second compressor (112), the third compressor (114), the fourth compressor (114) The compressor (201), the fifth compressor (301), the sixth compressor (303) and the expander (118), the working process of the pure refrigerant refrigeration cycle system and the mixed refrigerant refrigeration cycle system and crude oil volatile gas It is exactly the same when the nitrogen content is sufficient. In the crude oil volatile gas classification and liquefaction circulation system, due to insufficient nitrogen content, part of the gas from the top outlet of the fifth gas-liquid separator (116) no longer passes through the third regulating valve (402) and the third regulating valve (402). The five solenoid valves (403) are stored in the nitrogen storage tank (401), and the difference is that, due to the insufficient nitrogen content of the crude oil volatile gas, the nitrogen previously stored in the nitrogen storage tank (401) passes through the second regulating valve (405) The gas flows out from the fourth solenoid valve (404), merges with the gas from the fourth gas-liquid separator (110) and enters the fifth heat exchanger (111) together to supplement the lack of nitrogen in the system. 9.根据权利要求8所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统的工作方法，其特征在于，所述第一调节阀(124)的开度与第一换热器(103)上部出口b2的温度成正比例调节关系，所述第二调节阀(405)的开度与第五换热器(111)下部出口t2的温度成正比例调节关系。9. The working method of the crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system according to claim 8, wherein the opening of the first regulating valve (124) is equal to the temperature of the upper outlet b2 of the first heat exchanger (103). In a proportional adjustment relationship, the opening degree of the second regulating valve (405) is in a proportional adjustment relationship with the temperature at the lower outlet t2 of the fifth heat exchanger (111). 10.根据权利要求8所述的原油挥发气分级液化系统的工作方法，其特征在于，所述第二调节阀(405)和第三调节阀(402)、第四电磁阀(404)和第五电磁阀(403)分别构成两对阀组，每对阀组开关控制时，需实现一个阀门打开时另一个阀门必须关闭的互锁控制，当第二调节阀(405)和第四电磁阀(404)开启时，第三调节阀(402)和第五电磁阀(403)必须关闭，当第三调节阀(402)和第五电磁阀(403)开启时，第二调节阀(405)和第四电磁阀(404)必须关闭。10. The working method of the crude oil volatile gas grading liquefaction system according to claim 8, wherein the second regulating valve (405), the third regulating valve (402), the fourth solenoid valve (404) and the third regulating valve (404) and the The five solenoid valves (403) respectively form two pairs of valve groups. When each pair of valve groups is controlled on/off, it is necessary to realize the interlock control that one valve must be closed when the other valve is opened. When the second regulating valve (405) and the fourth solenoid valve When (404) is opened, the third regulating valve (402) and the fifth solenoid valve (403) must be closed, and when the third regulating valve (402) and the fifth solenoid valve (403) are opened, the second regulating valve (405) And the fourth solenoid valve (404) must be closed.
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