CN112290511A - AC/DC breaking circuit and high-power input power electronic equipment using same - Google Patents
AC/DC breaking circuit and high-power input power electronic equipment using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN112290511A CN112290511A CN202010978175.5A CN202010978175A CN112290511A CN 112290511 A CN112290511 A CN 112290511A CN 202010978175 A CN202010978175 A CN 202010978175A CN 112290511 A CN112290511 A CN 112290511A
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
- H02H7/1222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input
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Abstract
The invention relates to an alternating current-direct current breaking circuit and high-power input power electronic equipment applying the same. The alternating current-direct current breaking circuit comprises a switch unit, a current sensing unit and a control unit. The switch unit comprises N paths of single-pole switches connected in parallel; the current sensing unit is connected with each path of single-pole switch and is used for respectively detecting the current flowing in each path of single-pole switch; the control unit is respectively connected with the current sensing unit and the functional unit and used for outputting a control signal for turning off the functional unit or a control signal for reducing the power of the functional unit to 0 according to the current value of the current flowing in each path of single-pole switch. The high-power input power electronic equipment comprises a functional unit for realizing the function of the high-power input power electronic equipment and the alternating current and direct current breaking circuit. The high-power input power electronic equipment is a high-power inverter connected with the photovoltaic group string. The invention has the advantages of lower cost, smaller volume and lighter weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to an alternating current-direct current breaking circuit and a scheme of high-power input power electronic equipment applying the alternating current-direct current breaking circuit.
Background
Some high-power input power electronic devices only allow one input to be provided to the functional unit, and a switch with larger rated current needs to be arranged on the input. For example, based on the characteristic that a single-stage inverter can only achieve one-way maximum power tracking, all photovoltaic strings need to be converged into one way to be input to the inverter. This necessarily results in large input currents, which have reached over 150A for mainstream medium power single stage inverters. Therefore, the DC side of the inverter is required to be switched on and off by using a single-pole high-rated-current direct-current switch. However, such a dc switch has high cost, large volume and heavy weight, which greatly increases the overall cost, volume and weight of the inverter, and further brings problems of transportation cost, installation difficulty and the like. Therefore, it is a problem to reduce the cost, volume and weight of such high power input power electronic devices, such as dc switches in single-stage inverters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an alternating current-direct current breaking circuit which is suitable for high-power input power electronic equipment, can reduce the cost of the high-power input power electronic equipment, reduce the volume of the high-power input power electronic equipment and reduce the weight of the high-power input power electronic equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an AC/DC breaking circuit, which is arranged in a high-power input power electronic device and is connected with a functional unit in the high-power input power electronic device, comprises:
the switch unit comprises N paths of unipolar switches connected in parallel, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the switch unit is connected with the functional unit;
the current sensing unit is connected with each path of the single-pole switch and is used for respectively detecting the current flowing in each path of the single-pole switch;
and the control unit is respectively connected with the current sensing unit and the functional unit and is used for outputting a control signal for turning off the functional unit or a control signal for reducing the power of the functional unit to 0 according to the current value of the current flowing in each path of the single-pole switch.
The control unit includes:
the comparison module is connected with the current sensing unit and used for comparing the current value of the current flowing in each single-pole switch with a preset overcurrent protection value and outputting a comparison result signal;
and the DSP is respectively connected with the current sensing unit, the comparison module and the functional unit and is used for calculating the difference value between the maximum current value and the minimum current value of the flowing current in each path of single-pole switch and outputting a control signal for turning off the functional unit when the difference value is larger than a preset current difference threshold value, and outputting a control signal for reducing the power of the functional unit to 0 when the current value of the flowing current in any path of single-pole switch is larger than the overcurrent protection threshold value.
The overcurrent protection threshold is smaller than the rated current value of the single-pole switch.
The current sensing unit comprises at least N-1 current sensors, and the current sensors are correspondingly connected with the N-1 paths of single-pole switches.
The invention also provides a high-power input power electronic device which applies the alternating current and direct current breaking circuit and has lower cost, smaller volume and lighter weight, and the scheme is as follows:
a high-power input power electronic device comprises a functional unit for realizing the function of the high-power input power electronic device and the alternating current and direct current breaking circuit.
The high-power input power electronic equipment is a high-power inverter connected with the photovoltaic string, the functional unit of the high-power inverter is an inverter circuit, and the photovoltaic string is connected with the inverter circuit through the AC/DC breaking circuit.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention can reduce the cost of the high-power input power electronic equipment, reduce the volume of the high-power input power electronic equipment and lighten the weight of the high-power input power electronic equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an ac/dc disconnection circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a comparison module in the ac/dc interruption circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the current sharing determination process performed by the ac/dc splitting circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the overcurrent protection of the ac/dc interruption circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a current waveform diagram before and after the last single-pole switch is disconnected when the ac-dc disconnection circuit of the invention is applied.
FIG. 6 is a waveform of arcing time when overcurrent protection is provided by applying the AC/DC breaking circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of arcing time without overcurrent protection.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, a high-power input power electronic device includes a functional unit for implementing its functions and an ac/dc breaking circuit. The high-power input power electronic device of the embodiment takes a high-power inverter as an example, and the photovoltaic string PVn is connected with the high-power inverter after passing through the photovoltaic combiner box. The functional unit in the high-power inverter is an inverter circuit, and the AC/DC breaking circuit is arranged on the DC side of the inverter circuit, namely the photovoltaic group string PVn passes through the photovoltaic combiner box and then is connected with the inverter circuit through the AC/DC breaking circuit.
The alternating current-direct current breaking circuit comprises a switch unit, a current sensing unit and a control unit.
The switch unit is connected between the photovoltaic group string, namely the photovoltaic combiner box and the functional unit, namely the inverter circuit, and the switch unit and the inverter circuit are also connected with a bus capacitor. The switch unit comprises N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 2) paths of single-pole switches which are connected in parallel and are respectively SW 1-SWn.
The current sensing unit is connected with each single-pole switch and used for respectively detecting the current flowing in each single-pole switch. The current sensing unit comprises at least N-1 current sensors, and the current sensors are correspondingly connected with the N-1 single-pole switches. In this embodiment, N current sensors CT1 to CTn are provided, and are connected to N single-pole switches in a one-to-one correspondence.
The control unit is respectively connected with the current sensing unit and the functional unit and used for outputting a control signal for turning off the functional unit or a control signal for reducing the power of the functional unit to 0 according to the current value of the current flowing in each path of single-pole switch.
The control unit comprises a comparison module and a DSP. The comparison module is connected with the current sensing unit and used for comparing the current value of the current flowing in each path of single-pole switch with a preset overcurrent protection value and outputting a comparison result signal. As shown in fig. 2, the comparing module mainly includes a comparator, an inverting input terminal of the comparator is connected to each current sensor in the current sensing unit, and the inverting input terminal of the comparator is further grounded through a capacitor C1 and a resistor R3 connected in parallel. The non-inverting input end of the comparator is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a power supply through a resistor R2, the other path is grounded through a resistor R1, and meanwhile, the non-inverting input end of the comparator is also connected with the output end of the comparator through a resistor R4. The output end of the comparator is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a power supply through a resistor R5, the other path is connected with one end of a resistor R6, and one end of the resistor R6 forms the output end of the comparison unit and is grounded through a capacitor C2. The DSP is respectively connected with the current sensing unit, the comparison module and the function unit and is used for calculating the difference value between the maximum current value and the minimum current value of the current flowing in each path of single-pole switch and outputting a control signal for turning off the function unit when the difference value is larger than a preset current difference threshold value, and outputting a control signal for reducing the power of the function unit to 0 when the current value of the current flowing in any path of single-pole switch is larger than an overcurrent protection threshold value (the overcurrent protection threshold value is slightly smaller than the rated current value of the single-pole switch).
The working principle of the alternating current and direct current breaking circuit is as follows:
the scheme adopts a plurality of single-pole switches connected in parallel to realize the connection and disconnection of the large current, and the basic idea is as follows: the switches with total N poles (for example, rated current is 50A) are connected in parallel, and the input of large current is realized by multi-path parallel connection, namely:
Igeneral assembly=IpoleN (formula 1)
In the formula 1, IGeneral assemblyIs the total current of each single-pole switch, IpoleIs the current flowing in each single-pole switch.
However, the use of multiple single-pole switches in parallel instead of the original single-pole dc switch introduces two new problems:
problem 1: the current in each single-pole switch is not uniform.
The ideal state of the multiple parallel single-pole switches is that the current flowing through each single-pole switch is the total current divided by the number of parallel switches, namely:
Ipole=Igeneral assemblyN (formula 2)
And IpoleMust be less than the rated current of the single-pole switch. However, in the actual condition, the impedance of each single-pole switch is slightly different due to the difference between the contact impedance of each single-pole switch and the torque of the connected terminal, and the current actually flowing through each single-pole switch is also slightly different, and is within 1A. However, in an abnormal state, for example, the connection terminal is not locked, so that the current of one or more single-pole switches is very small, the current borne by the normally connected one or more single-pole switches exceeds the rated current of each single-pole switch, and the switch is burnt out after long-time operation, thereby causing safety accidents.
To solve the problem, the present invention proposes to add a current sensor to each single-pole switch (N-1 current sensors may be used, or whatever topology connection mode the sensor and the single-pole switch are, it may be used to detect the current of each single-pole switch in real time), monitor the current of each single-pole switch in real time, and calculate the maximum current difference in real time by using a DSP, as shown in fig. 3:
ΔI=Ipole MAX–Ipole MIN(formula (II)3)
If Delta I is larger than the set current difference threshold Ilimit1(the normal current is small in non-uniform current, the threshold value can be set to be within 5A), the non-uniform current is considered to exist, the control chip DSP immediately outputs a control signal for turning off the inverter circuit to turn off the inverter circuit, and the control chip DSP gives an alarm to inform maintenance personnel of overhauling.
Problem 2: the switch breaking time difference brings safety problems.
The mechanical characteristics of the multi-way switch are as follows: when the multi-path parallel single-pole switch is used for breaking a large current, the breaking current of the last path of broken switch reaches the total input current of the inverter and is far greater than the rated breaking current of the single-pole switch, and under the working condition, the switch can be burnt and adhered, so that the circuit cannot be broken, safety accidents are caused, and even fire is caused.
Aiming at the problem, the invention provides that the current sampling signal of each single-pole switch passes through a comparator and an overcurrent protection threshold Ilimit2The comparative protocol is shown in FIG. 4. In the turn-off process of the switch, one path is firstly turned off, and other paths are not turned off, so that the current in the switches which are not turned off will rise, the corresponding sampling signals rise, if the set protection point is reached, the control chip DSP will immediately output a control signal which enables the power of the inverter circuit to be reduced to 0 to block the inverter drive, the power of the inverter circuit is reduced to 0 within 5 mu s, and therefore the current flowing through the DC switch is reduced to 0, the later-cut switch current is very small, and the cut-off condition under the rated current is met. The magnitude of the overcurrent protection threshold is set according to the rated current of each single-pole switch of the switch (usually slightly smaller than the rated current), and can be specifically adjusted by a current sampling circuit and a comparison unit, as shown in fig. 2. The overcurrent protection process is shown in FIG. 4, where in FIG. 4, IkThe response time of 5 mus for the current of any path of switch is far shorter than the time from the 1 st path to the last 1 path, so that all switch contacts are disconnected under the safe current, and the whole process is automatically carried out.
The experimental circuit adopts 4 paths of 50A/pole switches which are connected in parallel, and the current waveforms when the switches are turned off are shown in fig. 5 and 6. In fig. 5, the last open 1-way SWITCH current is greater than 50A, and occurs after the inverter driving is blocked, the current is caused by the resonance between the parasitic inductance of the dc lead and the bus capacitance of the inverter during the SWITCH off process, the oscillation current flowing through the SWITCH can be suppressed by connecting a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor in parallel before the SWITCH, but the oscillation current only lasts about 400 μ s, and the time period greater than 50A is only about 100 μ s, the energy is limited, and the SWITCH is not damaged, so the capacitor can be omitted (SWITCH _ LIMIT _ TZ is low, the protection is triggered, the DSP always blocks the driving, and the inverter power is reduced to 0 within 5 μ s). The actual measurement shows that 500 times of disjunction, the switch temperature rise and the electrical characteristics are all normal.
In contrast, the breaking current in fig. 7 has no overcurrent protection function, the arc current lasts 1600 μ s, and the large current of about 100A is kept, i.e., the arc duration and the arc size of the overcurrent protection are far greater than those of the overcurrent protection, and the switch has a greater risk of burning.
In summary, the core idea of the invention is as follows:
1. and multiple switches are connected in parallel, and the current of each switch contact is collected in real time to perform current sharing judgment. The topology of the acquisition circuit is various, and the current of each switch contact can be calculated.
2. By utilizing the characteristic that the breaking time difference of the contacts of the multi-path switches is between 200 mu s and 1ms, when the first path of switches is broken, the inverter is triggered to be shut down, and when the last path of switches is broken, the power is reduced to 0, so that the switches are safely broken.
In addition to the above-mentioned triggering of shutdown by contact current rise, a sensor may be added near the switch handle to achieve early triggering of shutdown.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An alternating current-direct current breaking circuit is arranged in high-power input power electronic equipment and is connected with a functional unit in the high-power input power electronic equipment, and the alternating current-direct current breaking circuit is characterized in that: the AC/DC breaking circuit comprises:
the switch unit comprises N paths of unipolar switches connected in parallel, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the switch unit is connected with the functional unit;
the current sensing unit is connected with each path of the single-pole switch and is used for respectively detecting the current flowing in each path of the single-pole switch;
and the control unit is respectively connected with the current sensing unit and the functional unit and is used for outputting a control signal for turning off the functional unit or a control signal for reducing the power of the functional unit to 0 according to the current value of the current flowing in each path of the single-pole switch.
2. The ac/dc breaking circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the control unit includes:
the comparison module is connected with the current sensing unit and used for comparing the current value of the current flowing in each single-pole switch with a preset overcurrent protection value and outputting a comparison result signal;
and the DSP is respectively connected with the current sensing unit, the comparison module and the functional unit and is used for calculating the difference value between the maximum current value and the minimum current value of the flowing current in each path of single-pole switch and outputting a control signal for turning off the functional unit when the difference value is larger than a preset current difference threshold value, and outputting a control signal for reducing the power of the functional unit to 0 when the current value of the flowing current in any path of single-pole switch is larger than the overcurrent protection threshold value.
3. The ac/dc breaking circuit according to claim 2, wherein: the overcurrent protection threshold is smaller than the rated current value of the single-pole switch.
4. The ac/dc breaking circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the current sensing unit comprises at least N-1 current sensors, and the current sensors are correspondingly connected with the N-1 paths of single-pole switches.
5. A high-power input power electronic device comprising a functional unit that implements its function, characterized in that: the high-power input power electronic equipment further comprises the alternating current-direct current breaking circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The high power input power electronic device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the high-power input power electronic equipment is a high-power inverter connected with the photovoltaic string, the functional unit of the high-power inverter is an inverter circuit, and the photovoltaic string is connected with the inverter circuit through the AC/DC breaking circuit.
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Citations (4)
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CN101778513A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-07-14 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | LED flow equalizing control circuit, LED driver module and navigation aiding light |
EP2843837A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-04 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Solid state power controller and method for monitoring a solid state power controller |
CN108075449A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-25 | 通用电气航空系统有限公司 | For protecting the system and method for solid-state power controller |
CN208723531U (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-04-09 | 中机国能电力工程有限公司 | A kind of novel intelligent photovoltaic exchange header box with automatic reclosing function |
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2020
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101778513A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2010-07-14 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | LED flow equalizing control circuit, LED driver module and navigation aiding light |
EP2843837A1 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-04 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Solid state power controller and method for monitoring a solid state power controller |
CN108075449A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-25 | 通用电气航空系统有限公司 | For protecting the system and method for solid-state power controller |
CN208723531U (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2019-04-09 | 中机国能电力工程有限公司 | A kind of novel intelligent photovoltaic exchange header box with automatic reclosing function |
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