Downhole rotational flow solid-liquid separation drilling speed increasing tool
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and relates to an underground rotational flow solid-liquid separation drilling speed-increasing tool, which can be used for removing solid phase from drilling fluid entering a drill bit in the drilling process, reducing the solid phase content of the drilling fluid ejected from a drill bit nozzle, reducing the abrasion of the drill bit and improving the rock breaking environment of the drill bit, thereby indirectly increasing the drilling speed.
Background art:
the drilling fluid is necessary drilling fluid in the conventional oil and gas drilling at present, has a plurality of important functions of cleaning the bottom of a well, carrying rock debris, cooling a drill bit, balancing the formation pressure and the like, and is called as drilling blood. The solid content is one of important indexes for measuring the performance of the drilling fluid, and means that the volume of all solid phases in the drilling fluid accounts for the percentage of the total volume of the drilling fluid, the solid content is high or low, and the type, size and properties of solid phase particles directly influence the downhole safety, drilling speed and the like during drilling. Drilling fluid with excessively high solid content is sprayed to the bottom of a well through a drill bit nozzle, so that a serious pressure holding effect is easily caused, the abrasion of a drill bit is accelerated, and the drilling speed is further influenced. Particularly, in the process of plugging while drilling, solid-phase particle plugging agents such as superfine calcium carbonate, superfine silicon dioxide and the like need to be added into the drilling fluid, so that the influence on the drilling speed is more serious. Research shows that the drilling speed is reduced along with the increase of the solid phase content in the drilling fluid, when the solid phase content reaches 7 percent, the mechanical drilling speed is reduced by 50 percent relative to the clean water drilling fluid, and the drilling speed can be improved by at least 10 percent when the solid phase content is reduced by 1 percent. The underground cyclone separation technology is characterized in that a cyclone separator is connected between a drill bit and a drill string, partial solid phase in drilling fluid is separated before the drilling fluid flows into the drill bit, and the drilling fluid is discharged into a shaft annulus in advance, so that the solid phase content of the drilling fluid sprayed out from a drill bit nozzle is effectively reduced. The drilling fluid with low density and low solid content flows into the well bottom, which is beneficial to relieving the pressure holding effect of the drilling fluid on the rock debris at the well bottom, slowing down the abrasion of the drill bit, improving the drilling speed and prolonging the service life of the drill bit. CN101245694A discloses a downhole drilling fluid separation device, which comprises a housing assembly, a turbine group assembly, a separator assembly, and a support system assembly, wherein the system utilizes the high-speed rotation of a rotary cylinder to realize the dynamic cyclone separation of drilling fluid, and a rotary grid is designed at the inlet of the rotary cylinder, so as to ensure the stability of fluid flow, facilitate the separation of light and heavy components, and further absorb the rotational kinetic energy from guide wheel drilling fluid. The nozzle adopts an upward-inclined design scheme, and generates a certain negative pressure at the bottom of the well, so that the rock debris at the bottom of the well can be conveniently removed, and the drilling speed of the drill bit is accelerated; CN102657963A discloses a device for reducing solid content in downhole drilling fluid, which comprises an upper joint and a lower joint, wherein the upper joint is connected with a drill collar, and the lower joint is connected with a drill bit. The bottom of the lower connector sleeve is provided with a cylindrical pin hole, a swirl generator is fixed through the cylindrical pin, the middle of the swirl generator is provided with an overflow port and is connected with an overflow pipe through threads, the upper part of the swirl generator is connected with a hydrocyclone through threads, the top of the hydrocyclone forms conical surface connection with a reflux body, the reflux body is connected with an inner cylinder of the lower connector through threads, the reflux body is provided with a drilling fluid inlet flow channel and an underflow flow channel, and the outlet of the underflow flow channel of the reflux body is provided with a reflux nozzle. The separation effect of the device can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the reflux nozzle; CN107237607A discloses supplementary broken rock instrument of whirl in pit, this instrument includes sealing connection's top connection and lower clutch, is provided with a plurality of drilling fluid delivery channel holes that link up along the axial in the top connection, and set up the circumference one side at the top connection along circumference interval, is provided with the lower clutch centre bore that link up along the axial in the lower clutch, and with drilling fluid delivery channel hole intercommunication, the sealed cover in the lower clutch centre bore is equipped with the reposition of redundant personnel tube socket that can seal off the lower clutch centre bore. The cone cyclone with the diameter gradually reduced towards the upper joint is arranged in the lower joint center hole and between the upper joint and the shunt pipe seat, the outer wall of the cone cyclone and the inner wall of the lower joint center hole are arranged at intervals, a diversion trench allowing drilling fluid to enter along the tangential direction of the inner wall of the cone cyclone is arranged on the side wall of the large-diameter end of the cone cyclone, and the small-diameter end of the cone cyclone can be inclined along the axial direction of the upper joint and is communicated with the external annular space of the underground hydraulic cyclone auxiliary rock breaking tool in a one-way mode from inside to outside in the direction away from the lower joint. The tool has no special limitation on site construction operation conditions, has universal applicability and is easy to popularize on site.
Although the downhole well-drilling cyclone separation technology disclosed above provides significant views on the cyclone generation principle, flow channel design, tool adaptability and the like, when the centrifugal separator is rotated at high speed by the turbine, the movable parts of the tool are easy to damage, and the overall service life of the tool is affected. And other design forms adopt a reverse cyclone design method, so that high-density phases in the drilling fluid separated by the cyclone can be discharged only by overcoming the action of gravity, and the separation effect of the tool is seriously influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing well drilling underground cyclone separation technology, and designs and provides an underground cyclone solid-liquid separation well drilling speed-increasing tool, which can remove solid phase from the drilling fluid entering a drill bit, reduce the solid phase content of the drilling fluid ejected by a drill bit nozzle, reduce the abrasion of the drill bit, improve the rock breaking environment of the drill bit and indirectly increase the well drilling speed in the well drilling process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the main structure of the downhole rotational flow solid-liquid separation drilling speed-up tool comprises an upper joint, an outer cylinder, an overflow pipe suspension seat, an overflow pipe, a guide vane, a conical cylinder, a positioning bolt, a lower diversion seat, a lower joint, a nozzle seat and a lateral nozzle, wherein the upper joint and the lower joint are connected to two ends of the outer cylinder of the tool through threads; an inlet flow passage is arranged in the middle of the upper joint, and an outlet flow passage is arranged in the middle of the lower joint; the overflow pipe suspension seat is pressed on a boss in the outer cylinder by the upper joint; the overflow pipe is fixed at the lower end of the overflow pipe suspension seat through a bolt, and an annular flow channel is arranged on the outer side of the overflow pipe; the outer wall surface of the overflow pipe is welded with guide vanes, and spiral flow channels are formed among the guide vanes; the conical barrel is fixed in the tool outer barrel through a positioning bolt, and a sealing groove is processed on the outer surface of the conical barrel; the lower end of the conical barrel is connected with the lower shunt seat through threads, the lower shunt seat is connected with the high-density drilling fluid discharged by the conical barrel through an upper connector, and the high-density drilling fluid is shunted to two sides through shunt channels on two sides; a lateral flow channel is formed in the lower shunting seat, threads are machined on two sides of the lower shunting seat respectively and are connected with the nozzle seat respectively, and the lateral nozzle is connected to the nozzle seat through the threads and is tightly pressed on the outer surface of the outer barrel; the cross section of the outer cylinder of the tool is in a four-straight-edge centralizer form, return flow channels are formed in two symmetrical straight edges, the upper parts of the return flow channels are connected with overflow flow distribution channels in the overflow pipe suspension seats, and the lower parts of the return flow channels are connected with confluence flow channels in the lower joints to jointly form return flow channels of low-density drilling fluid.
The overflow pipe suspension seat and the lower diversion seat are respectively provided with a three-way runner.
The guide vane can be a swirl generator composed of double vanes, three vanes or multiple vanes.
The nozzle seat and the lateral nozzle are symmetrically installed, and shallow holes which are easy to disassemble and install are processed on the lateral nozzle.
The specific process of realizing the downhole cyclone separation of the drilling fluid by the downhole cyclone solid-liquid separation drilling speed-increasing tool comprises the following steps: the drilling fluid enters an upper connector inlet of the tool from an upper drill column, the drilling fluid enters an outer annular flow channel of the overflow pipe from two sides of an overflow pipe suspension seat due to the blocking effect of the overflow pipe suspension seat, after flowing through the guide vanes, the axial flow of the drilling fluid is changed into downward rotary flow under the action of a spiral flow channel formed by the vanes, at the moment, a rotational flow is formed, different density phases in the drilling fluid begin to be separated due to different centrifugal forces, the drilling fluid which rotates to flow downwards enters the conical barrel, and due to the continuous action of the centrifugal forces, high density phases in the drilling fluid are gradually gathered near the inner wall surface of the conical barrel to form an outer rotational flow field; most of low-density phases in the drilling fluid are gathered in the middle of the conical cylinder to form an inner swirling flow field; the high-density phase in the drilling fluid flows downwards along the conical cylinder wall surface under the action of an outer rotational flow field to enter a lower shunt seat, because through holes are formed in two sides of the lower shunt seat and are connected with a nozzle seat, the high-density phase of the drilling fluid is gradually collected at an inlet of the lower shunt seat, the drilling fluid enters the lower seat and then sequentially enters the nozzle seat and a lateral nozzle along a lateral flow channel in the lower shunt seat, the drilling fluid is jetted to a shaft annulus under the action of pressure difference between a tool and the shaft annulus to realize separation and early discharge of the high-density phase in the drilling fluid, the low-density phase in the drilling fluid rotates upwards under the action of an inner rotational flow field and sequentially enters an overflow pipe and an overflow pipe suspension seat, a shunt flow channel is formed in the overflow pipe suspension seat, the low-density phase of the drilling fluid entering the overflow pipe suspension seat is shunted to return flow channels on two sides in an outer cylinder and enters a confluence, back into the interior of the drill string and then into the drill bit.
The invention utilizes the structure of the guide vane to generate a rotational flow field, utilizes the hydraulic rotational flow separation principle to realize the solid-liquid separation of the drilling fluid in the tool, and can effectively reduce the solid content of the drilling fluid sprayed to the bottom of the well, reduce the pressing effect of the drilling fluid on the rock debris at the bottom of the well, improve the clearing effect of the drilling fluid on the rock debris and improve the rock breaking environment of a drill bit at the bottom of the well by the underground rotational flow separation effect, thereby improving the drilling speed, and the drilling fluid with low solid content can also relieve the abrasion speed of the drill bit, thereby prolonging the service life of the drill bit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention avoids the adverse effect of gravity on the separation effect of the drilling fluid when the high-density phase is discharged due to reverse cyclone, has no movable part, compact structure and good stability, is directly connected between a drill bit and a drill column when in use, has little influence on the drilling parameters and the structure of a drilling tool, can adjust and install nozzles with different diameters according to different operating environments to control the flow dividing amount, pressure drop and separation effect of a tool, can replace the nozzles with rotary jet nozzles in the process of plugging while drilling, directly sprays high-density plugging particles to a well wall through the spraying effect of the rotary jet, improves the plugging effect of the plugging material, has strong adaptability and is easy to popularize and apply on site.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of the main structure of the downhole cyclone solid-liquid separator for well drilling.
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the main structure of the downhole rotational flow solid-liquid separator for well drilling.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the A-A of the downhole cyclone solid-liquid separator for well drilling according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the downhole cyclone solid-liquid separator B-B for well drilling according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the E-E cross-sectional structure of the downhole cyclone solid-liquid separator for well drilling according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the cross section of the downhole rotational flow solid-liquid separator F-F for well drilling.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the main structure of the downhole rotational flow solid-liquid separation drilling speed-up tool comprises an upper connector 1, an outer barrel 2, an overflow pipe suspension seat 3, an overflow pipe 4, a guide vane 5, a conical barrel 6, a positioning bolt 7, a lower diversion seat 8, a lower connector 9, a nozzle seat 10 and a lateral nozzle 11, wherein the upper connector 1 and the lower connector 9 are connected to two ends of the outer barrel 2 of the tool through threads, the upper connector 1 is connected with an external drill string, and the lower connector 9 is connected with an external drill bit; the middle of the upper joint 1 is provided with an inlet flow passage 12, and the middle of the lower joint 9 is provided with an outlet flow passage 19; the overflow pipe suspension seat 3 is pressed on a boss in the outer cylinder 2 by the upper joint 1; the overflow pipe 4 is fixed at the lower end of the overflow pipe suspension seat 3 through a bolt, and an annular flow channel 14 is arranged on the outer side of the overflow pipe 4; the outer wall surface of the overflow pipe 4 is welded with guide vanes 5, and spiral flow channels 16 are formed among the guide vanes 5; the conical barrel 6 is fixed in the tool outer barrel 2 through a positioning bolt 7, and a sealing groove is processed on the outer surface of the conical barrel 6; the lower end of the conical barrel 6 is connected with a lower shunt seat 8 through threads, the lower shunt seat 8 is connected with high-density drilling fluid discharged by the conical barrel 6 through an upper connector, and the high-density drilling fluid is shunted to two sides through shunt channels on the two sides; a lateral flow passage 17 is formed in the lower shunting seat 8, threads are respectively machined on two sides of the lower shunting seat 8 and are respectively connected with the nozzle seat 10, and the lateral nozzle 11 is connected with the nozzle seat 10 through the threads and is tightly pressed on the outer surface of the outer barrel 2; the cross section of the tool outer cylinder 2 is designed into a four-straight-edge centralizer form, return flow channels 15 are formed in two symmetrical straight edges, the upper parts of the return flow channels 15 are connected with overflow diversion flow channels 13 in the overflow pipe suspension seat 3, and the lower parts of the return flow channels 15 are connected with a confluence flow channel 18 in the lower connector 9, so that a return channel of low-density drilling fluid is formed together.
When the underground rotational flow solid-liquid separation drilling speed-increasing tool works, the tool is connected between a drill bit and a drill string and is lowered into a well according to the design of a drilling tool assembly, during normal drilling, drilling fluid enters an inlet flow channel 12 of an upper connector 1 of the tool through the drill string at the upper part, passes through the outer wall of an overflow pipe suspension seat 3, enters an outer annular hollow flow channel 14 of an overflow pipe 4 from two sides of the overflow pipe suspension seat 3, flows through a guide vane 15, the axial flow of the drilling fluid is changed into downward rotary flow under the action of a spiral flow channel 16 formed by the guide vane 5, at the moment, rotational flow is formed, and different density phases in the drilling fluid start to be separated due to different centrifugal forces; the drilling fluid which rotates to flow downwards enters the conical barrel 6, and due to the continuous action of centrifugal force, high-density phases in the drilling fluid are gradually gathered near the inner wall surface of the conical barrel 6 to form an outer rotational flow field; most of low-density phases in the drilling fluid are gathered in the middle of the conical barrel 6 to form an inner swirling flow field; the high-density phase in the drilling fluid flows downwards along the wall surface of the conical barrel 6 under the action of an outer rotational flow field to enter the lower diversion seat 8, because through holes are formed in the two sides of the lower diversion seat 8 and are connected with the nozzle seat 10, the high-density phase of the drilling fluid is gradually collected at the inlet of the lower diversion seat 8, enters the lower diversion seat 8 and then sequentially enters the nozzle seat 10 and the lateral nozzle 10 along the lateral flow channel 17 in the lower diversion seat 8, and is sprayed to the annular space of a shaft under the action of the pressure difference between a tool and the annular space of the shaft to realize the separation and the early discharge of the high-density phase in the drilling fluid, the low-density phase in the drilling fluid rotates upwards under the action of the inner rotational flow field and sequentially enters the overflow pipe 4 and the overflow pipe suspension seat 3, a diversion flow channel 13 is formed in the overflow pipe suspension seat 3, and the low-density phase of the drilling fluid entering the overflow pipe suspension seat 3 is, and along the return flow path 15 into the converging flow path 18 in the lower sub 9, back into the drill string and then through the lower sub outlet flow path 19 into the drill bit. The drilling fluid entering the drill bit has the characteristics of low density and low solid content, the rock breaking environment of the drill bit at the bottom of the well is improved, rock debris is easier to be cleared away from the bottom of the well, and meanwhile, the drilling fluid and solid are effectively prevented from being abraded relative to the teeth of the drill bit, so that the drilling speed and the stroke drilling speed of the drilling machine are indirectly improved.