CN112273168A - Planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation based on saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation based on saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112273168A CN112273168A CN202011383062.7A CN202011383062A CN112273168A CN 112273168 A CN112273168 A CN 112273168A CN 202011383062 A CN202011383062 A CN 202011383062A CN 112273168 A CN112273168 A CN 112273168A
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- rice
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- alkali soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation based on saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The rotation planting method carries out deep ploughing and fertilizing on the soil after the rice field is harvested, provides a suitable environment for cauliflower growth, realizes rotation planting of rice and vegetables on saline-alkali soil through later-stage water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control, and improves the utilization efficiency of the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation based on saline-alkali soil.
Background
The rotation is a measure combining land cultivation and land cultivation, is beneficial to balanced utilization of soil nutrients and prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, can also effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, adjust the soil fertility and finally achieve the purposes of increasing the yield and income.
The rice and vegetable rotation is to integrate rice production and vegetable production to realize the aim of harvesting more than one land, thus improving the utilization efficiency of the land and relieving the contradiction that vegetables and rice fight each other.
The saline-alkali soil contains higher soluble salt, is alkaline, has high pH value, low organic matter content in the soil, low fertility and easy hardening during drying, thereby bringing certain difficulty for rice and vegetable crop rotation and limiting further development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The method provides a planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation based on saline-alkali soil, realizes crop rotation planting of rice and vegetables in the saline-alkali soil, and improves crop yield.
The technical scheme of the method is as follows:
planting cauliflower on the idle land after harvesting the rice; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) stubble cleaning is carried out after rice fields are harvested, base fertilizer is applied after land deep ploughing, 3000-5000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50-75kg of compound fertilizer and 10-15kg of urea are applied to each mu of land, furrows are formed in the middle of each furrow after deep ploughing, the width of each furrow is 1.3-1.5m, the height of each furrow is 30-40cm, and the depth of each furrow is 10-15 cm;
(2) transplanting the cauliflower seedlings cultured in advance into planting furrows with the plant spacing of 40-50cm, and watering for rooting;
(3) performing water and fertilizer management and pest control; when the soil moisture is lower than 30%, starting drip irrigation, and stopping when the moisture content is higher than 65%; fertilizer is applied in a matching way while drip irrigation is carried out;
(4) timely harvesting when the edge of cauliflower is not cracked.
On the basis of the scheme, the application method of the fertilizer during drip irrigation comprises the following steps:
performing first topdressing after field planting; applying 20-30kg of calcium superphosphate and 15-20kg of potash magnesium fertilizer per mu;
performing secondary topdressing when the diameter of the flower bud grows to 3-5 cm; applying ammonium sulfate 15-20kg per mu;
performing third topdressing when the diameter of the flower bud grows to 6-8 cm; applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 400-500kg per mu;
topdressing for the fourth time when the diameter of the bud grows to 10-12 cm; applying compound fertilizer, 20-30kg per mu. The compound fertilizer uses the model of Shandong alliance chemical group, Inc: union-compound fertilizer 15-15-15;
on the basis of the scheme, the specific method for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
black rot: adopting 3000 times of 50% agricultural streptomycin sulfate solution for spray control;
black spot: adopting 69% Anke manganese zinc 800 times liquid for spraying prevention and control;
downy mildew: spraying 75% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid for preventing and treating;
aphids: adopting 3000 times of 1% of pesticide liquid for spray control; (the insecticide is imidacloprid produced by Guangxi rural Biochemical Co., Ltd.)
Diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, noctuid: spraying 5% Taibao 2000 times of liquid for preventing and treating.
Based on the scheme, the cauliflower is planted for two seasons, wherein the first season is planting after rice harvesting, and the second season is harvesting before rice planting.
On the basis of the scheme, the rice planting adopts the technology of 'technical specification for planting rice in saline-alkali soil' Q/QDYC 002-plus 2018.
On the basis of the scheme, the method for cultivating the cauliflower seedlings comprises the following steps: selecting big and full cauliflower seeds without damage; soaking the selected seeds in warm water for disinfection, then uniformly mixing the seeds with chlorothalonil, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising greenhouse, covering fine soil with the thickness of 1cm after the seeds are sowed, then paving a thin film on the fine soil, removing the thin film after the emergence rate of the seeds reaches 70 percent, and transplanting the seedlings after the cauliflower seedlings grow to 6 leaves.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is characterized in that deep ploughing and fertilizing are carried out on the soil after the rice field is harvested, a suitable environment is provided for growth of cauliflowers, rice and vegetable crop rotation planting on saline-alkali soil is realized through later-stage water and fertilizer management and pest control, utilization efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is improved, meanwhile, the crop rotation planting method can reduce the pH and salt content of the soil, and further improves the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The saline-alkali soil rice improvement demonstration base is characterized in that the salt content of the soil is 4-7.3 per thousand and the PH is 7.5-9.
And (3) planting the rice according to the enterprise standard Q/QDYC 002-plus 2018 of saline-alkali soil rice planting technical regulation, harvesting after the rice is mature, and cleaning the stubble. Deep ploughing in 10 months, applying base fertilizer, and applying 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of compound fertilizer and 10kg of urea per mu of land; making a furrow after ploughing, and making a planting ditch in the middle of the furrow, wherein the width of the furrow is about 1.3m, the height of the furrow is about 30cm, and the depth of the planting ditch is about 10 cm; transplanting the cauliflower seedlings growing to 6 leaves in the planting furrows, wherein the planting distance is about 40cm, and watering to fix roots; when the soil moisture is lower than 30%, starting drip irrigation, and stopping drip irrigation when the moisture content is higher than 65%; after field planting, performing first topdressing, and applying 30kg of calcium superphosphate and 20kg of potash magnesium fertilizer per mu; when the diameter of the flower buds grows to 5cm, performing secondary topdressing, and applying 20kg of ammonium sulfate per mu; when the diameter of the flower buds grows to 8cm, performing topdressing for the third time, and applying 500kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu; and (4) topdressing for the fourth time when the diameter of the flower buds grows to 12cm, and applying 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu. And harvesting in 12 months when the edges of the cauliflowers are not cracked.
The 6-leaf cauliflower seedling meeting the planting condition has the following cultivation mode: selecting large and full, nondestructive and saline-alkali-resistant cauliflower seeds, soaking and disinfecting the cauliflower seeds with warm water, then uniformly mixing the cauliflower seeds with chlorothalonil, sowing the cauliflower seeds in a seedling raising greenhouse, covering fine soil with the thickness of 1cm after the seeds are sowed, then paving a thin film on the fine soil, removing the thin film after the emergence rate of the seeds reaches 70%, and transplanting the cauliflower seedlings after the cauliflower seedlings grow to 6 leaves.
In comparative example 1, only single-season planting of rice was performed, and rice was planted according to the enterprise standard "technical specification for saline-alkali soil rice planting" Q/QDYC 002-2018.
The results of the experiment are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 |
| Yield (kg/mu) | 542.5 Rice 1000 Cauliflower | 500 |
| Soil pH (Down) | 0.75 | 0.5 |
| Salt content (descending) | 1.75‰ | 1.2‰ |
As can be seen from Table 1, the rice and cauliflower rotation planting technology of the present invention can effectively reduce the pH value of the soil and simultaneously effectively reduce the salt content of the soil.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation based on saline-alkali soil is characterized in that cauliflower is planted on idle soil after rice is harvested;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) stubble cleaning is carried out after rice fields are harvested, base fertilizer is applied after land deep ploughing, 3000-5000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50-75kg of compound fertilizer and 10-15kg of urea are applied to each mu of land, furrows are formed in the middle of each furrow after deep ploughing, the width of each furrow is 1.3-1.5m, the height of each furrow is 30-40cm, and the depth of each furrow is 10-15 cm;
(2) transplanting the cauliflower seedlings cultured in advance into planting furrows with the plant spacing of 40-50cm, and watering for rooting;
(3) performing water and fertilizer management and pest control; when the soil moisture is lower than 30%, starting drip irrigation, and stopping when the moisture content is higher than 65%; fertilizer is applied in a matching way while drip irrigation is carried out;
(4) timely harvesting when the edge of cauliflower is not cracked.
2. The planting method for rice and vegetable rotation based on saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application method of the fertilizer during drip irrigation is as follows:
performing first topdressing after field planting; applying calcium superphosphate and potash magnesium fertilizer, wherein 15-20kg of potash magnesium fertilizer is 20-30kg of calcium superphosphate per mu;
performing secondary topdressing when the diameter of the flower bud grows to 3-5 cm; applying ammonium sulfate 15-20kg per mu;
performing third topdressing when the diameter of the flower bud grows to 6-8 cm; applying decomposed farmyard manure with the weight of 400-500kg per mu;
topdressing for the fourth time when the diameter of the bud grows to 10-12 cm; applying compound fertilizer, 20-30kg per mu.
3. The planting method for rice and vegetable rotation based on saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for pest control is as follows:
black rot: adopting 3000 times of 50% agricultural streptomycin sulfate solution for spray control;
black spot: adopting 69% Anke manganese zinc 800 times liquid for spraying prevention and control;
downy mildew: spraying 75% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid for preventing and treating;
aphids: adopting 3000 times of 1% of pesticide liquid for spray control;
diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, noctuid: spraying 5% Taibao 2000 times of liquid for preventing and treating.
4. The planting method for rice and vegetable rotation based on saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cauliflower is planted in two seasons, the first season is planting after harvesting of rice, and the second season is harvesting before planting of rice.
5. The planting method for rice and vegetable rotation based on saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice planting adopts the technology of technical Specification for rice planting in saline-alkali soil Q/QDYC 002-containing 2018.
6. The planting method for rice and vegetable rotation based on saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method of cauliflower seedlings is as follows: selecting big and full cauliflower seeds without damage; soaking the selected seeds in warm water for disinfection, then uniformly mixing the seeds with chlorothalonil, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising greenhouse, covering fine soil with the thickness of 1cm after the seeds are sowed, then paving a thin film on the fine soil, removing the thin film after the emergence rate of the seeds reaches 70 percent, and transplanting the seedlings after the cauliflower seedlings grow to 6 leaves.
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| CN105684588A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for repairing coastal salinized and alkalized farmland soil by means of reclaimed water |
| CN106941926A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-14 | 包捷梅 | A kind of cultural method rich in organic germanium Cauliflower |
| CN108901661A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-11-30 | 合肥安农源生物工程技术有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cauliflower |
| CN109418044A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-03-05 | 宣威市绍炎农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cauliflower implantation methods |
| CN109418036A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-03-05 | 万太胜 | Cauliflower outdoor planting technique |
| CN110603923A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-24 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
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Patent Citations (7)
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| US20050262594A1 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-24 | Van Den Bosch Franciscus | Broccoli type adapted for ease of harvest |
| CN105684588A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Method for repairing coastal salinized and alkalized farmland soil by means of reclaimed water |
| CN106941926A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-14 | 包捷梅 | A kind of cultural method rich in organic germanium Cauliflower |
| CN109418036A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-03-05 | 万太胜 | Cauliflower outdoor planting technique |
| CN109418044A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-03-05 | 宣威市绍炎农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cauliflower implantation methods |
| CN108901661A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-11-30 | 合肥安农源生物工程技术有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cauliflower |
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