CN112269130B - Motor detection device - Google Patents
Motor detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112269130B CN112269130B CN202011100585.6A CN202011100585A CN112269130B CN 112269130 B CN112269130 B CN 112269130B CN 202011100585 A CN202011100585 A CN 202011100585A CN 112269130 B CN112269130 B CN 112269130B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a motor detection device which comprises a control box (1) and a detection box (2), wherein a main control module (101) is arranged in the control box (1), a detection module is arranged in the detection box (2), the detection module comprises a secondary control module, a noise sensor (205) and a vibration sensor (206), and a detected motor (208) is arranged in the detection box (2). The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can detect the noise level, frequency spectrum, vibration level and frequency spectrum of the motor, and provide the basis for factory assembly line whether the factory inspection is qualified or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motor detection, in particular to a device for detecting a motor by using the amplitude and frequency spectrum of noise/vibration.
Background
In modern automatic motor production lines, torque and noise/vibration tests of the motor are required after the motor is installed, and the motor can be delivered after the motor is qualified.
The current testing method is that a worker listens to the sound emitted by the motor, and an operator judges whether the motor is qualified or not through the sound emitted by the motor.
Defects of the prior art:
1. the existing test method requires training workers, the workers can work on duty after the training is qualified, the training requires time, and special workers are required to finish the work, so that the labor cost is high.
2. Because the false judgment is performed through manual judgment, the accuracy is not high.
3. After a worker works for a period of time, hearing fatigue can occur, and the worker must rest for a period of time, otherwise, eardrum of the worker can be injured, and the working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a motor detection device which is characterized by comprising a control box and a detection box, wherein a main control module is arranged in the control box, a detection module is arranged in the detection box, the detection module comprises a secondary control module, a noise sensor and a vibration sensor, the detection box is internally used for placing a detected motor, the secondary control module is connected with the vibration sensor, the main control module is connected with the noise sensor, the noise sensor is used for detecting the noise of the motor and transmitting detected noise data to the main control module, and the vibration sensor is used for detecting the vibration of the motor and transmitting detected vibration data to the secondary control module; the main control module compares the detected noise data with normal noise data, if the detected noise data is within the normal noise data range, the noise of the motor is judged to be normal, otherwise, the motor is judged to be abnormal; the secondary control module compares the detected vibration data with normal vibration data, if the detected vibration data is in the range of the normal vibration data, the vibration of the motor is judged to be normal, otherwise, the motor is judged to be abnormal; if the noise and vibration of the motor are normal, the motor is a normal motor as a detection result, and if one of the noise and vibration of the motor is abnormal, the motor is a fault motor as a detection result; the secondary control module is connected with the main control module, the secondary control module sends the detection result to the main control module, the main control module outputs the detection result, and the motor detection device further comprises a control module for controlling the detection module to work.
As a further improvement of the invention, the control box is provided with a display, the main control module is connected with the display, and the display is used for displaying the detection result.
As a further improvement of the invention, the control module is a control button, the control box is provided with a control button, the main control module is connected with the control button, and the control button is used for controlling the detection module to work.
As a further improvement of the invention, the motor detection device also comprises a bottom plate, a vibration workbench and a vibration guide spring which are arranged in the detection box, wherein the vibration guide spring is arranged between the bottom plate and the vibration workbench, the vibration workbench is provided with the vibration sensor, and the vibration workbench is used for placing a detected motor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the motor detection device further comprises a fixed workbench, a support rod and a patch board, wherein the fixed workbench is arranged in the detection box, the fixed workbench is arranged at the bottom of the detection box, the bottom plate is arranged on the fixed workbench, the patch board is arranged on the vibration workbench, the patch board is used for being connected with the motor to supply power to the motor, one end of the support rod is arranged on the fixed workbench, the other end of the support rod is provided with the noise sensor, and the noise sensor is adjacent to the vibration workbench.
As a further improvement of the invention, the motor detection device further comprises a machine base, the detection box is arranged on the machine base, the control box is arranged on the detection box, the detection box is provided with an opening for taking and placing the motor, a detection door is arranged at the position of the opening, sound insulation cotton is arranged on the inner surface of the detection door, and the control box, the detection box and the machine base are detachably connected.
As a further improvement of the invention, the main control module comprises a first single-chip microcomputer, the model of the first single-chip microcomputer is stm32H743, the secondary control module comprises a second single-chip microcomputer, the model of the second single-chip microcomputer is stm32F103RC, and the model of the vibration sensor is MPU6050.
As a further improvement of the invention, the motor detection device further comprises a relay, wherein the relay is connected between the patch board and the motor, when the relay is not sucked, the corresponding motor is not electrified, and when the relay is sucked, the motor is electrified.
As a further improvement of the invention, the number of the vibration sensors is three, the three vibration sensors are arranged at three different positions of the vibration workbench, and the secondary control module is respectively connected with the three vibration sensors.
As a further improvement of the invention, the main control module transmits the detection result to the data server for storage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can detect the noise level, frequency spectrum, vibration level and frequency spectrum of the motor, and provide the basis for factory assembly line whether the factory inspection is qualified or not.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control box structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection box of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the detection box of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a microphone pre-amplifier;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sound detection and display component;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a controllable motor under test power supply circuit;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a vibration and attitude sensing circuit;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of test result transmission storage;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a master control;
fig. 11 is a functional block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a motor detection device which can detect noise/vibration characteristics of a motor.
When the normal motor is in operation, the sound pressure level of noise is approximately-42 to-38 dB, and the frequency spectrum is approximately 100-2000 Hz. For a faulty motor, the sound pressure level is generally significantly higher than that of a normal motor, and the frequency spectrum is significantly higher at a certain point or points, so that the noise amplitude and the frequency spectrum can be used as one of the judgment standards.
In addition, when the motor is in operation, the shell of the motor also shows a certain vibration characteristic, the measured values of acceleration and angular velocity of the motor in the X, Y, Z direction are generally uniform, but a fault motor, for example, the fault motor can emit periodic sound of … pits … pits, on one hand, the motor can be touched directly by hands to show that the hand feel has obvious vibration feeling, on the other hand, the vibration sensor 206 can be used for detecting acceleration signals in three directions of X, Y, Z and Shi Zhuaisu degrees, and the motor performance judging standard is one of motor performance judging standards.
The motor detection device provided by the invention can be used for simultaneously detecting the noise amplitude and the frequency spectrum of the motor, and the vibration (gesture) amplitude and the frequency spectrum, and providing a basis for whether the factory assembly line is qualified or not in factory detection.
As shown in fig. 1, the motor detection device of the present invention comprises a control box 1 and a detection box 2, wherein the control box 1 is provided with a main control module 101, the detection box 2 is internally provided with a detection module, the detection module comprises a secondary control module, a noise sensor 205 and a vibration sensor 206, the detection box 2 is internally provided with a detected motor 208, the secondary control module is connected with the vibration sensor 206, the main control module 101 is connected with the noise sensor 205, the noise sensor 205 is used for detecting the noise of the motor 208 and transmitting detected noise data to the main control module 101, and the vibration sensor 206 is used for detecting the vibration of the motor 208 and transmitting detected vibration data to the secondary control module; the main control module 101 compares the detected noise data with normal noise data, if the detected noise data is within the normal noise data range, the noise of the motor 208 is judged to be normal, otherwise, the noise is judged to be abnormal; the secondary control module compares the detected vibration data with normal vibration data, if the detected vibration data is within the normal vibration data range, the vibration of the motor 208 is judged to be normal, otherwise, the vibration of the motor is judged to be abnormal; if the noise and vibration of the motor 208 are normal, the detection result is that the motor 208 is a normal motor, and if one of the noise and vibration of the motor 208 is abnormal, the detection result is that the motor 208 is a fault motor; the secondary control module is connected with the main control module 101, the secondary control module sends the detection result to the main control module 101, the main control module 101 outputs the detection result, and the motor detection device further comprises a control module for controlling the detection module to work.
The main control module 101 may have various schemes for outputting the detection result, for example, broadcasting the detection result through a speaker, or transmitting the detection result to a server, a mobile terminal, etc., as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control box 1 is provided with a display 102, where the main control module 101 is connected to the display 102, and the display 102 is configured to display the detection result.
The control module can be a remote controller, and the detection module is started to work through the remote controller, or the control module is a control button 103, the control box 1 is provided with the control button 103, the main control module 101 is connected with the control button 103, the control button 103 is used for controlling the detection module to work, and the detection module can be started to work by pressing the control button 103.
The motor detection device further comprises a bottom plate 209, a vibration workbench 203 and a vibration guide spring 204 which are arranged in the detection box 2, wherein the vibration guide spring 204 is arranged between the bottom plate 209 and the vibration workbench 203, the vibration workbench 203 is provided with a vibration sensor 206, and the vibration workbench 203 is used for placing a detected motor 208.
The motor detection device further comprises a fixed workbench 202, a support rod 210 and a patch board 207 which are arranged in the detection box 2, wherein the fixed workbench 202 is arranged at the bottom of the detection box 2, a bottom plate 209 is arranged on the fixed workbench 202, the patch board 207 is arranged on the vibration workbench 203, the patch board 207 is used for being connected with the motor 208 to supply power to the motor 208, one end of the support rod 210 is arranged on the fixed workbench 202, the other end of the support rod 210 is provided with the noise sensor 205, and the position of the noise sensor 205 is adjacent to the vibration workbench 203.
The motor detection device further comprises a machine base 3, the detection box 2 is installed on the machine base 3, the control box 1 is installed on the detection box 2, the detection box 2 is provided with an opening for taking and placing the motor 208, a detection door is arranged at the position of the opening, sound insulation cotton 201 is arranged on the inner surface of the detection door, and the control box 1, the detection box 2 and the machine base 3 are detachably connected.
The stand 3 is used for adjusting the height. The control box 1, the detection box 2 and the machine base 3 are separated during transportation and are fastened together by screws during use, so that the control box 1, the detection box 2 and the machine base 3 are in a detachable connection mode.
In use, the operator opens the inspection door, places the motor under inspection 208 in the direction of the guide slot, and connects the motor cable to the patch panel 207, which takes 4 seconds. Then, the control button 103 is pressed to start the test, and it takes 5 seconds. Finally, the motor 208 is taken out, and corresponding processing is performed according to the detection result, and the process of taking out the motor 208 is the reverse process of putting in the motor 208, and takes 3-4 seconds. The whole process takes 12 to 13 seconds, the detection speed is high, the working efficiency is high, the labor cost is reduced, and the detection accuracy is high.
The whole framework of the motor detection device comprises: the main control module 101 comprises a first single-chip microcomputer, the first single-chip microcomputer is connected with the display 102, and the model of the first single-chip microcomputer is stm32H743. The secondary control module comprises a second single chip microcomputer, and the model of the second single chip microcomputer is stm32F103RC. The first singlechip and the second singlechip are connected through SPI, the second singlechip links to each other with vibration sensor 206, and the gesture signal of vibration sensor 206 is gathered to the second singlechip, unitedly gives first singlechip. The model of the vibration sensor 206 is an MPU6050.
The measurement objects/signals are:
the sensitivity of the two-way electret capacitive acoustic sensor is-38-42 dB, the circuit diagram is shown in fig. 5, J26 is an input terminal of the capacitive acoustic sensor (containing depletion type JFET, namely self-bias type), and R63 provides bias current for the sensor after 30dB amplification (NJM 4560/sgm 8552/8582).
As shown in fig. 5, IC12 (TL 431) provides a reference voltage of 2.5V, and as a midpoint voltage, the reference potential of NJM4560/sgm8552/8582 is 2.5V, which can cope with the present test apparatus. The dynamic output range of the IC11 is 0 to 5V, so that the output part needs to use a voltage dividing resistor to obtain 1/2 voltage, otherwise, the voltage exceeds the limit of the first singlechip (stm 32H 743). That is, the level range of the signal sent to the first singlechip (stm 32H 743) is 0 to 2.5V, can be directly measured by the ADC inside the first singlechip (stm 32H 743), and does not exceed the measuring range (the input voltage range of ADC is 0 to 3.3V).
The limit of the conversion frequency period of the ADC in the first singlechip (stm 32H 743) is 1MHz (1 us), 100KHz is taken here, the range of sound signals is 20Hz to 20KHz, the frequency range of motor sound is 300 to 3KHz, and therefore the sampling frequency of 100KHz meets the Shannon condition.
As shown in fig. 6, the DMA (direct memory) of the first singlechip (stm 32H 743) is set to be in a ring queue mode, and the full/half full of the buff (queue) generates an interrupt, which is only used for indicating that the current DMA-aDC data stream is basically normal. On the left side of fig. 6, 2048 data from the DMA circular queue for each 150ms display task is displayed directly on the display 102 on the one hand, and on the other hand, these 2048 data are subjected to 2048-order FFT to generate 1024 pieces of frequency information indicating the frequency spectrum of the current sound, which is displayed in the middle of the display 102.
And (3) electric signals and connection of the tested motor:
as shown in fig. 7, the motor 208 to be tested is a BLDC motor, 310V/50 to 70W motor, and the connection plug is manually connected to the patch board 207 in the production line, so that the motor 208 to be tested is not allowed to be electrified for personal safety during the manual plugging process. Thus, to isolate 310V/GND/18V/Vsp (speed)/FG (Freq Generate), here a 24V Schneidr relay is used, 310V and GND use RXM2LB2BD (relay type number), the rest of the leads use RXM4LB2BD (relay type number), 3 contact points are used, one contact point is left empty.
The working process is as follows: in the idle state, the motor 208 is not energized, or the 2 relays are not energized. In the test state, the coils of the 2 relays are connected in parallel, and are synchronously connected/disconnected to supply power to the motor 208, and the motor 208 can rotate and give a control voltage (3-10V) so as to control the rotating speed.
After the relay is connected, the motor 208 is electrically isolated from the circuit portion of the first single-chip microcomputer/second single-chip microcomputer (stm 32H743/stm32F103 RC), mainly due to the related interference of personal safety and signals/power sources. Wherein 310V/GND is directly communicated by a Relay (Relay equipment/Relay), and a Vsp control signal is connected with an electric signal through a relay+optical coupler, and the working principle is as follows: the PWM control signal is given from the optical input terminal of the optocoupler M453, and the light emitting diode and the receiving diode of the optocoupler are turned on at the time of the H level of the PWM input signal, so that the OC (open collector) of the optocoupler (here, the model of the optocoupler is M453) outputs a low level.
At the low level of the PWM input signal, the device combining section inside the optocoupler is turned off, and the OC terminal outputs the high level.
Vibration sensing portion:
this part uses the MPU6050 as the vibration sensor 206, and the acceleration and the angular velocity are sensed. In fig. 8, IC1, IC6, and IC8 are three vibration sensors 206, and the three vibration sensors 206 are mounted at three different positions of the vibration table 203, thereby sensing vibration characteristics at different positions of the vibration table 203.
The MPU6050 uses a standard I2C as a protocol of signal communication. There are mainly three signal lines I2C-sck, I2C-dat, I2C-int, where I2C-sck/dat is the I2C protocol line and I2C-int is the timing and interrupt line, and actually, at the time of initialization of the MPU6050, the sampling period of the MPU6050 may be set, that is, the timing period is selected to be 10ms, that is, once every 10ms of the MPU6050 samples, after ending this process, the MPU6050 pulls the I2C-int low, so that the MCU (stm 32F103 RC) responds to interrupt, thereby reading the acceleration of X, Y, Z measured this time and the rotation speed of X, Y, Z.
Internal Reg (register) of MPU 6050: mainly, a Reg and a test result register are configured, wherein:
can be read out at each MPU6050 interrupt time.
Information quantity and data storage:
starting from the pressing of the control button 103, the measurement process lasts for 5 seconds, the corresponding information quantity is:
noise part: 100khz x 2b ytes x 5 seconds = 1Mbytes.
Vibration part: one 1/20ms (3+3) × 2*5 =3 kbytes (information amount of one MPU 6050), information amount of 3 MPUs 6050: 3kbytes 3=9 kbytes.
The header information includes information such as motor number, date, test condition, etc., and is less than 1kbytes in total. Total information amount: 1m+9k+1k=1.01 Mbytes, stored in SDIO (external memory), and subsequently sent to a data server for tracking and post-big data analysis of the product, as shown in fig. 9.
The display 102 displays 20% of the total information otherwise the data information is too crowded. The informational data resides briefly on the display 102 to facilitate the operator's observation of the behavior of the test procedure.
The invention can detect the noise level, frequency spectrum, vibration level and frequency spectrum of the motor, and provide the basis for factory assembly line whether the factory inspection is qualified or not.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The motor detection device is characterized by comprising a control box (1) and a detection box (2), wherein a main control module (101) is arranged in the control box (1), a detection module is arranged in the detection box (2), the detection module comprises a secondary control module, a noise sensor (205) and a vibration sensor (206), the detection box (2) is internally used for accommodating a detected motor (208), the secondary control module is connected with the vibration sensor (206), the main control module (101) is connected with the noise sensor (205), the noise sensor (205) is used for detecting noise of the motor (208) and transmitting detected noise data to the main control module (101), and the vibration sensor (206) is used for detecting vibration of the motor (208) and transmitting detected vibration data to the secondary control module; the main control module (101) compares the detected noise data with normal noise data, if the detected noise data is within the normal noise data range, the noise of the motor (208) is judged to be normal, otherwise, the noise is judged to be abnormal; the secondary control module compares the detected vibration data with normal vibration data, if the detected vibration data is within the normal vibration data range, the vibration of the motor (208) is judged to be normal, otherwise, the motor is judged to be abnormal; if the noise and vibration of the motor (208) are normal, the detection result is that the motor (208) is a normal motor, and if one of the noise and vibration of the motor (208) is abnormal, the detection result is that the motor (208) is a fault motor; the secondary control module is connected with the main control module (101), the secondary control module sends a detection result to the main control module (101), the main control module (101) outputs the detection result, and the motor detection device further comprises a control module for controlling the detection module to work;
the motor detection device further comprises a bottom plate (209), a vibration workbench (203) and a vibration guide spring (204) which are arranged in the detection box (2), wherein the vibration guide spring (204) is arranged between the bottom plate (209) and the vibration workbench (203), the vibration workbench (203) is provided with the vibration sensor (206), and the vibration workbench (203) is used for placing a detected motor (208);
the number of the vibration sensors (206) is three, the three vibration sensors (206) are arranged at three different positions of the vibration workbench (203), and the secondary control module is respectively connected with the three vibration sensors (206);
the motor detection device further comprises a machine base (3), the detection box (2) is installed on the machine base (3), the control box (1) is installed on the detection box (2), the detection box (2) is provided with an opening for taking and placing the motor (208), a detection door is arranged at the position of the opening, soundproof cotton (201) is arranged on the inner surface of the detection door, and the control box (1), the detection box (2) and the machine base (3) are detachably connected.
2. The motor detection device according to claim 1, wherein the control box (1) is provided with a display (102), the main control module (101) is connected with the display (102), and the display (102) is used for displaying a detection result.
3. The motor detection device according to claim 1, wherein the control module is a control button (103), the control box (1) is provided with the control button (103), the main control module (101) is connected with the control button (103), and the control button (103) is used for controlling the detection module to work.
4. The motor detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a fixed workbench (202), a support rod (210) and a patch board (207) mounted in the detection box (2), wherein the fixed workbench (202) is mounted at the bottom of the detection box (2), the base plate (209) is mounted on the fixed workbench (202), the patch board (207) is mounted on the vibration workbench (203), the patch board (207) is used for being connected with the motor (208) to supply power to the motor (208), one end of the support rod (210) is mounted on the fixed workbench (202), the other end of the support rod (210) is mounted with the noise sensor (205), and the noise sensor (205) is located adjacent to the vibration workbench (203).
5. The motor detection device according to claim 1, wherein the main control module (101) includes a first single-chip microcomputer, the model of the first single-chip microcomputer is stm32H743, the secondary control module includes a second single-chip microcomputer, the model of the second single-chip microcomputer is stm32F103RC, and the model of the vibration sensor (206) is MPU6050.
6. The motor detection apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a relay connected between the patch panel (207) and the motor (208), wherein the motor (208) is not energized when the relay is not suctioned, and wherein the motor (208) is energized when the relay is suctioned.
7. The motor detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the main control module (101) transmits the detection result to a data server for storage.
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