CN112254687B - A simple seed volume measuring device and its measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple seed volume measuring device, which comprises: the supporting structure comprises a base, a telescopic supporting column and a supporting rod, wherein the telescopic supporting column is fixedly arranged above the base, and the supporting rod is fixedly arranged at the top of the telescopic supporting column; the electronic balance is positioned on one side of the base; the transparent container is positioned above the electronic balance, and edible oil is injected into the transparent container. When the device is used for measurement, the turpentine oil is firstly used for diluting the tung oil, the diluted tung oil is dip-coated on the surface of the seed main body to form a thin protective layer to prevent the seed main body from absorbing oil, then the seed main body is fixed by a thin iron wire and then is suspended at the bottom of the supporting rod, then the suspended seed main body is soaked in the edible oil of the transparent container, the seed main body is weighed by an electronic balance, and the volume of a single seed can be calculated by combining the basic buoyancy principle.

Description

A simple seed volume measuring device and its measuring method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seed volume measurement, in particular to a simple seed volume measurement device and a measurement method thereof.

Background technique

Seed volume is an important indicator to measure seed quality. Seed volume has a profound impact on seed germination rate, emergence rate, and root growth. Quickly and easily measuring seed volume is of great significance for seed detection and agricultural production. At present, the main methods for measuring seed volume are: thousand-grain weight method, gas hydrometer method and liquid method. Among them, the 1000-grain weight method is a rough estimation of seed volume by weight, which is an indirect measurement method. The gas hydrometer method measures the exhausted air, which is cumbersome and susceptible to changes in air temperature.

The liquid method removes the volume of liquid (most commonly water) by measuring a certain weight of seeds, and then calculates the volume of the seeds according to the principle of buoyancy. Due to the simplicity and relative accuracy of measurement, such methods are the focus of current research. However, in the measurement process of the liquid method, there is a phenomenon of water absorption by the seeds. Therefore, this method has large errors and is difficult to apply in practice. In response to the problem of water absorption of seeds, some scholars proposed to wrap the seeds with soft materials, then vacuumize them, and measure the volume of the drained water after placing the whole in water. This method solves the problem of water absorption of seeds very well, but there are still the following problems: First, some seeds have uneven surfaces (for example, wheat seeds have gutters), and wrapping with soft materials cannot fully fit the seeds, resulting in a large measurement value. The second is that the compressed volume of some seeds will change to a certain extent during the vacuuming process, resulting in a small measurement value.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple seed volume measuring device and a measuring method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background art.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A simple seed volume measurement device, comprising: a support structure, the support structure includes a base, a telescopic support column and a support rod, a telescopic support column is fixed above the base, and a top of the telescopic support column is fixedly provided with support rod; Wanfen electronic balance, the electronic balance is located on one side of the base; transparent container, the transparent container is located above the electronic balance, and edible oil is injected into the transparent container; suspension structure, the suspension structure is located on the support rod The suspension structure includes a connecting rope and a seed carrying structure, two ends of the connecting rope are respectively connected to the support rod and the seed carrying structure, and the bottom of the seed carrying structure carries the seed main body.

Preferably, the upper half of the seed carrying structure has a length mark with an index value of 1 mm, the lower half of the seed carrying structure is a cage-like structure for carrying the seed body, and the lowest mark of the length mark is higher than the The highest position of the cage-like structure.

Preferably, the cage-like structure extends horizontally and spirally expands at the bottom of the seed-carrying structure.

Preferably, the material of the seed bearing structure is metal wire, and its cross section is circular.

Preferably, the length of the cage-like structure expanded into a straight state is a fixed value L ₀ .

A method for measuring seed volume, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the seeds are soaked in the mixed oil of tung oil and turpentine to do surface sealing treatment;

Step 2, using the 50ml volumetric flask to measure the edible oil density is ρ _l ;

Step 3: Before placing the seeds, first record the mass of the beaker containing the edible oil in the Wanfen electronic balance as F _s1 .

Step 4, put the seeds into the edible oil: after the seeds are loaded in the cage-like structure, the hanging structure is placed on the transparent container, and the seed-bearing structure is immersed in the edible oil by adjusting the height of the telescopic support column, and the oil level is on the measuring ruler. within the measurement range.

Step 5: After the Wanfen electronic balance data is stable, record the data as F _s2 , record the length L ₁ of the length mark (71) immersed in the edible oil, and the total length of the seed bearing structure immersed in the edible oil as (L ₀ +L ₁ ).

计算结果。Step six, pass

Calculation results.

Preferably, the volume ratio of the mixed oil of tung oil and turpentine is 3-5:1.

Preferably, the seed body needs to be soaked in the mixed oil of tung oil and turpentine for 3-10 minutes.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the present invention, the volume measurement is converted into buoyancy and then into weight measurement by hanging the main body of the seeds in a transparent container with edible oil, and the weight measurement can be measured using a common Wanfen electronic balance, so the method is simple and easy to implement. The bearing structure is made of metal, which can easily sink the seeds into the edible oil, and the bottom is set in a spiral cage shape, which can load seeds of different sizes. Since the metal wire does not absorb oil, and its own volume is easy to calculate, it can reduce the amount of seed fixation. Errors brought by the measurement, the carrier of seed buoyancy measurement is edible oil. Compared with water, edible oil is not easy to generate air bubbles, and the seeds are not easy to absorb, all of which ensure the measurement accuracy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the partial structure of the present invention.

In the picture: 1- base; 2- telescopic support column; 201- fastening bolt; 3- support rod; 4- ten thousand electronic balance; 5- transparent container; 6- connecting rope; 7- seed bearing structure; 71- length mark ; 72-cage structure; 8-seed body.

Fig. 3(a) Schematic diagram of the force of seeds in liquid.

Figure 3(b) The force diagram of the beaker without seeds.

Figure 3(c) The force diagram of the beaker after placing the seeds.

In the figure: G _s represents the gravity of the seeds; G _b represents the total weight of the beaker and the liquid in the beaker; F _p is the pulling force of the cylindrical iron wire on the seeds; F _b is the buoyancy of the seeds in the beaker; F _s1 is the balance when no seeds are placed. The support force of the beaker is equal to the total weight of the beaker displayed by the balance; F _s2 is the support force of the balance to the beaker when the beaker is put into the seed, which is equal to the total weight of the beaker and the seeds displayed by the balance.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a simple seed volume measurement device, comprising: a support structure, the support structure includes a base 1, a telescopic support column 2 and a support rod 3, the base 1 A telescopic support column 2 is fixed on the top of the telescopic support column 2, and a support rod 3 is fixed on the top of the telescopic support column 2; an electronic balance 4, the electronic balance 4 is located on one side of the base 1; a transparent container 5, the transparent container 5 Located above the electronic balance 4, edible oil is injected into the transparent container 5; a suspension structure, the suspension structure is located at the bottom of the support rod 3, and the suspension structure includes a connecting rope 6 and a seed carrying structure 7, the connecting rope Two ends of 6 are respectively connected to the support rod 3 and the seed carrying structure 7 , and the bottom of the seed carrying structure 7 carries the seed main body 8 .

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , one side of the telescopic support column 2 is threadedly mounted with a fastening bolt 201 , the length of the telescopic support column 2 can be adjusted according to actual use, and the fastening bolt 201 is rotated for fixing.

Referring to FIG. 1 , an opening is provided above the transparent container 5 , the volume of the transparent container 5 is larger than that of the seed body 8 , and the seed body 8 can be put into the transparent container 5 .

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the cross section of the seed carrying structure 7 is circular, and the diameter of the cross section of the seed carrying structure 7 is 0.32 mm, which is convenient for calculating the volume of the seed carrying structure 7 .

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the height of the telescopic support column 2 is not less than 0.4m, which is convenient for use.

Working principle: When measuring, it is necessary to first measure the density ρ ₁ of the edible oil: use a 50ml volumetric flask to measure 50ml of edible oil, first use a ten thousand electronic balance 4 to weigh the mass of the empty volumetric flask to m ₁ , then set the volume to 50ml of edible oil and then Pour the edible oil into a 50ml volumetric flask to constant volume, read the balance data as m ₂ , and obtain the density of the edible oil as (m ₂ -m ₁ )/50; then mix the tung oil and turpentine in a volume ratio of 3:1 Dilute, then soak the seed body 8 that needs to be measured with mixed oil for 5min, take out and wait until the surface of the seed is completely dry and then measure; put the transparent container 5 containing edible oil on the electronic balance 4; read the edible oil. The mass F _s1 of the transparent container 5 of oil, after loading the main body 8 of the seeds to be tested on the seed carrying structure 7, the suspension structure is placed on the transparent container 5, the height of the telescopic support column 2 is lowered, and the seed carrying structure 7 together with the seeds The main body 8 is immersed in the edible oil, but not in contact with the transparent container 5 , and the oil surface is within the measuring range of the length mark on the upper half of the seed carrying structure 7 . After the data of Wanfen electronic balance 4 is stable, read the data and record it as F _s2 , then take out the seed bearing structure 7 with tweezers, read the length of the length mark 72 immersed in the edible oil, and record it as L ₁ .

The calculation principle of the patent of the present invention is as follows:

The force analysis diagram of seeds in liquid is shown in Fig. 3(a). When the seeds are suspended in the liquid by the metal wire, the seeds are subjected to gravity (G _s ), the wire pulling force (F _p ) and the buoyancy (F _b ) act together, and the seeds are force balanced in the liquid, and the force balance formula is obtained :

G _s =F _p +F _b (1)

The force analysis of the beaker before and after the seeds were put into the liquid are shown in Fig. 3(b) and Fig. 3(c), respectively. The beaker before the seeds are put into the liquid is affected by gravity (G _b ) and the balance support force (F _s1 ), and the force balance formula is:

G _b =F _s1 (2)

The value displayed by the balance is F _s1 ; the beaker after the seeds are put into the liquid is affected by the beaker and the seed gravity (G _s +G _b ), the balance supporting force (F _s2 ) and the wire pulling force (F _p ), and the force balance formula is :

G _s +G _b =F _s2 +F _p (3)

The balance display value is F _s2 .

Combining formulas (1) (2) (3), the difference between the balance indications before and after the seeds are put into the liquid is:

That is, the difference between the balance values before and after the seeds are put into the liquid is the buoyancy that the seeds receive in the liquid. According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyancy of seeds in a liquid (edible oil) with a density of ρ _l (g/ml) is: F _b =ρ _l g V _f , where g is the gravitational constant, and V _f is the discharge The liquid volume includes the volume of the liquid (edible oil) drained by the seed (V _s ) and the immersed liquid iron wire (V _w ), so that the seed volume is obtained as V _s =V _f -V _w , wherein the iron wire is a standard cylindrical iron wire, Volume Easy to measure volume. Therefore, the resulting seed volume is:

Finally, the volume of the seed body (V _s ) can be obtained by the formula as

Example 1. Steel ball volume measurement

First, the feasibility of this method is verified with spherical steel balls. Take a common standard spherical steel ball, measure the diameter of the standard steel ball with a vernier caliper to be 0.6 cm, and calculate its volume as 0.11304 cm ^{3 according to the spherical volume calculation formula V=(4/3)πr 3 .} Then, according to the method of the present invention, the fixed steel balls are loaded with iron wires with a diameter of 0.32 mm, and the iron wires are suspended on the iron stand, so that the steel balls are completely immersed in the edible oil without touching the bottom. And shake the steel ball slightly to remove air bubbles. Record the data after the balance reading has stabilized. Repeat three times to obtain the absolute error, relative error and average value of the three measurements of the method of the present invention. Table 1 presents the results of measuring steel balls in the present invention. From the data in the table, it can be seen that this method has a small error in measuring volume, and has theoretical and practical feasibility.

Table 1 Standard steel ball verification test results

Embodiment 2. Seed volume measurement

Five common crop seeds (rice, wheat, broad bean, soybean, and peanut) were selected to further verify the feasibility of the method of the present invention. Five seeds of each crop were measured, and each seed was measured once by three different operators, and the mean and standard deviation of the three measurements were calculated to verify the stability of the method. The measurement results are shown in Table 2-Table 6. The data shows that the assay results of the present invention are stable, repeatable and highly feasible.

Table 2 The actual measured value of rice seed volume (cm ³ )

Table 3 The actual measured value of wheat seed volume (cm ³ )

Table 4 Faba bean seed volume actual measurement value (cm ³ )

Table 5 Actual measurement value of soybean seed volume (cm ³ )

Table 6 The actual measured value of peanut seed volume (cm ³ )

It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A simple seed volume measurement device, comprising a support structure, a Wanfen electronic balance (4), a transparent container (5) containing edible oil, and a suspension structure, the support structure includes a base (1), a telescopic support column ( 2) and a support rod (3), wherein edible oil is injected into the transparent container (5), characterized in that: the suspension structure is located at the bottom of the support rod (3) and can penetrate deep into the transparent container (5), The suspension structure includes a connecting rope (6) and a seed bearing structure (7), two ends of the connecting rope (6) are respectively connected to the support rod (3) and the seed bearing structure (7); the seed bearing structure (7) ) consists of upper and lower parts, the upper part has a length mark (71) with a graduation value of 1mm, the lowest mark is higher than the highest position of the cage-like structure (72), and the lower part is the cage-like structure for loading the seed body (8). The length of the structure (72), the cage-like structure (72) expanded into a straight state is a fixed value L ₀ , which extends horizontally and spirally expands at the bottom of the seed carrying structure (7) for loading seeds of different sizes. 2 . The simple seed volume measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the seed bearing structure ( 7 ) is made of metal wire, and its cross section is circular. 3 . 3. A seed volume measuring method, using the seed volume measuring device according to claim 1-2, is characterized in that, comprising the following steps: Step 1, the seeds are soaked in the mixed oil of tung oil and turpentine to do surface sealing treatment; Step 2, using the 50ml volumetric flask to measure the edible oil density is ρ _l ; Step 3, before the seeds are immersed in the edible oil, measure the quality of the transparent container (5) containing the edible oil with an electronic balance as F _s1 ; Step 4: After the seed body (8) is loaded on the seed carrying structure (7), the hanging structure is placed on the transparent container (5), the height of the telescopic support column (2) is lowered, and the seed carrying structure (7) is immersed for consumption. in oil; Step 5, after the data of Wanfen electronic balance is stable, the recorded data is F _S2 ; Step 6, calculate the result; It is characterized in that, The seed carrying structure (7) in the step 4 is a cage-like structure (72), and the depth range of the seed carrying structure (7) immersed in the edible oil is the measurement range of the length mark of the upper half of the seed carrying structure (7); In the step 5, after reading F _S2 , read the length L of the length mark (71) immersed in the edible oil; The formula of the calculation result of the step 6 is

. 4. The method for measuring seed volume according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mixed oil volume ratio of described tung oil and turpentine is 3～5:1. 5. seed volume measurement method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described seed main body needs to be soaked in the mixed oil of tung oil and turpentine oil for 3～10min.

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