Digger loader and integral frame thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of double-end busy excavating loaders and off-road forklifts, in particular to a double-end busy excavating loader.
Background
The backhoe loader is a single unit composed of three pieces of construction equipment. Commonly known as "busy at both ends". During construction, an operator can change the working end by only rotating the seat. The backhoe loader is compact compared to large single-function equipment (e.g., a track-type excavator). But also can move around on various building sites and even run on roads.
Most of the existing double-end busy excavating loaders are modified by the traditional loaders, and a set of excavating device of the excavator is additionally arranged behind the traditional loaders, so that the double-end busy is changed. It also has naturally some mechanical disadvantages of the loader. Such as articulated frames, which are very prone to failure due to the context of the loader application, and which are steered with large turning radii, stable bottoms, and which are prone to rollover during high speed operation.
And the cab is used as the cab of the loader or the tractor before, so that the forward vision of one end is better, but the vision of the other end is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an excavating loader and an integral frame thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the loader-digger comprises a frame assembly, a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system power system, a cab assembly, an excavating mechanism assembly, a loading mechanism assembly, an operating mechanism assembly and an electric system, wherein the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system power system comprises a driving steering system and a hydraulic system, and the driving steering system, the power system, the hydraulic system, the operating mechanism assembly and the electric system are all arranged on the frame assembly and are powered by the power system.
The hydraulic four-wheel active steering system comprises a steering wheel, wherein the steering wheel is connected with a steering gear, the steering gear is connected with a gear pump through a priority valve, an A port of the steering gear is connected with an electromagnetic valve A, a B port of the steering gear is connected with an electromagnetic valve B, the electromagnetic valve A and the electromagnetic valve B are connected with a synchronous valve, the synchronous valve is respectively connected with a front axle steering cylinder and a rear axle steering cylinder, and the front axle steering cylinder and the rear axle steering cylinder are both arranged on a driving steering axle and respectively control tires of front wheels and rear wheels.
The steering wheel comprises a steering wheel at the excavator end and a steering wheel at the loader end, and the steering device comprises a steering device at the excavator end and a steering device at the loader end.
The steering gear is a load-sensitive full-hydraulic steering gear.
The electromagnetic valve A and the electromagnetic valve B are two-position six-way electromagnetic valves, when the two electromagnetic valves are closed at the same time, the steering wheel and the steering gear at the end of the excavator are operated, and when the two electromagnetic valves are disconnected at the same time, the steering wheel and the steering gear at the end of the loader are operated.
The cab assembly comprises a cab, a frame of the cab adopts a high-strength special pipe for a forklift overhead guard, and the frame is welded to form a whole.
Further, the lowest end of the tempered glass at the digging end of the cab is mounted on the bottom plate of the cab.
The working method of the backhoe loader comprises the following steps:
When the vehicle turns left, the steering wheel rotates the steering wheel through the connecting mechanism, the LS port of the steering wheel sends out signals to the priority valve 5, the engine drives the gear pump to pump high-pressure hydraulic oil to enter the steering wheel 2 through the priority valve, the hydraulic oil flows out of the A port of the steering wheel to enter the two-position six-way electromagnetic valve A along with the rotation of the steering wheel, flows out of the B port of the steering wheel to enter the two-position six-way electromagnetic valve B, enters the synchronous valve after coming out of the two-position six-way electromagnetic valve, enters the left cylinder of the front axle steering cylinder and the left cylinder of the rear axle steering cylinder through the synchronous valve, and the tires on the steering axle are respectively pulled through the two steering cylinders to finish steering actions, and when the steering is right, the actions are opposite. The synchronous valve enables oil liquid entering the front and rear steering cylinders to synchronously act, and the steering angle inconsistency of the front and rear axles caused by inconsistent resistance is prevented, so that the dragging phenomenon of the front and rear axles is avoided.
The integral frame of the loader-digger is formed by welding a large arm mounting seat of the loader-digger, a frame side plate, a cab mounting seat, a front axle fixing seat, a large arm bracket of the loader-digger, a bracket supporting plate, an engine supporting plate, a radiator supporting plate, a swinging bracket, a rotating cylinder supporting plate of the large arm of the loader-digger and a supporting leg bracket.
Wherein, the front axle passes through the bolt to be installed above the frame assembly, and the rear axle passes through the articulated frame to be installed on the frame assembly.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding effects that:
The rear axle of the backhoe loader is arranged on the frame assembly through the hinged frame, can swing by a maximum angle of 10 degrees, and ensures that 4 tires can be attached to the ground no matter what road surface, thereby realizing the maximization of driving force.
The integral frame of the backhoe loader has the advantages of good stability, strong bearing capacity and small turning radius, and can prolong the service life of the multifunctional engineering vehicle, thereby improving the overall cost performance of the vehicle.
Compared with the two busy ends of a tractor, the two busy ends of the tractor increase the tires of the rear wheels, so that the forward and backward forces are unevenly distributed, and the stability is far lower than that of the integral frame of the excavating loader.
Compared with the hinged steering system of the traditional loader, the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the loader-digger has better stability and smaller turning radius, and can not generate abrasion of the hinged part of the loader, so that the service life is longer. Compared with the traditional tractor type two-head busy, the system is four-wheel steering and four-wheel driving, has stronger driving force in severe environments or muddy environments, and has far better climbing capacity and traversing capacity than the traditional tractor type two-head busy.
The backhoe loader and the integrated frame thereof according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic illustration of a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a right side view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a left side view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a front view of the integral frame of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a top view of the integral frame of the backhoe loader of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a large arm;
FIG. 14 is a front view of the cab assembly;
FIG. 15 is a left side view of the cab assembly;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the cab assembly.
The device comprises a 1-steering wheel, a 2-steering device, a 3-gear pump, a 4-hydraulic torque converter, a 5-priority valve, a 6-synchronous valve, a 7-electromagnetic valve A, an 8-electromagnetic valve B, a 9-tire, a 10-driving steering axle, a 11-front axle steering oil cylinder and a 12-engine, wherein the steering wheel is a steering wheel;
100-frame assembly, 200-driving steering system, 300-power system, 400-cab assembly, 500-excavating mechanism assembly, 600-loading mechanism assembly, 700-hydraulic system, 800-steering mechanism assembly, 900-electric system;
101-a large arm mounting seat of a digging machine, 102-a side plate of a frame, 103-a cab mounting seat, 104-a front axle fixing seat, 105-a large arm bracket of a loading machine, 106-a bracket supporting plate, 107-an engine supporting plate, 108-a radiator supporting plate, 109-a swinging bracket, 110-a large arm rotary cylinder supporting plate of the digging machine and 110-a supporting leg bracket;
401-frame, 402-meter assembly, 404-seat, 405-multiway valve mounting box;
501-a large arm of the excavator, 502-a pin shaft and 503-a large arm oil cylinder.
Detailed Description
1-2 And 4-10, the excavating loader specifically comprises a frame assembly 100, a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system, a power system 300, a cab assembly 400, an excavating mechanism assembly 500, a loading mechanism assembly 600, an operating mechanism assembly 800 and an electric system 900, wherein the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system comprises a driving steering system 200 and a hydraulic system 700, and the driving steering system 200, the power system 300, the hydraulic system 700, the operating mechanism assembly 800 and the electric system 900 are all arranged on the frame assembly 100 and powered by the power system 300.
The main body component of the frame assembly 100 is a unitary frame. The powertrain 300 basically includes an engine 12, a torque converter 4 and a drive shaft. The cab assembly 400 mainly includes a cab and a seat. The digging mechanism assembly 500 mainly comprises a large arm of the excavator, a bucket rod, a bucket and a connecting rod welded together. The loader assembly 600 generally includes a loader arm, forearm, drawbar, bucket. The steering mechanism assembly 800 basically includes a steering wheel, a brake and a throttle. The electrical system 900 mainly comprises a wire harness, a storage battery, an illuminating lamp, an instrument, a loudspeaker and a reversing buzzer.
The pump, valve and pipeline as steering function in the hydraulic four-wheel active steering system belong to the hydraulic system 700, and the steering cylinder and the driving steering axle as executing mechanisms belong to the driving steering system 200. Steering wheels in a hydraulic four-wheel active steering system also belong to a component in the loader assembly 600.
The backhoe loader is powered by the engine of the Weichai 4105, converted by the hydraulic torque converter 4, connected to the driving steering system 200 by a transmission shaft, and then driven by the driving steering system 200 to generate forward and backward running torque by driving tires.
When the steering wheel of the steering mechanism assembly 800 is turned, the steering gear 2 drives the front axle steering cylinder 11 of the driving steering system 200 to control the steering of the tires 9, and simultaneously controls the tires of the rear axle to follow the tires of the front axle to simultaneously rotate reversely through the synchronous valve 6, and the steering is performed according to a certain proportion according to the steering angle of the front wheels.
The hydraulic four-wheel active steering system comprises a steering wheel 1, wherein the steering wheel 1 is connected with a steering gear 2, the steering gear 2 is connected with a gear pump 3 through a priority valve 5, an A port of the steering gear 2 is connected with an electromagnetic valve A7, a B port of the steering gear 2 is connected with an electromagnetic valve B8, the electromagnetic valve A7 and the electromagnetic valve B8 are connected with a synchronous valve 6, the synchronous valve 6 is respectively connected with a front axle steering cylinder 11 and a rear axle steering cylinder, the front axle steering cylinder 11 is arranged on a driving steering axle 10 of a front wheel, the rear axle steering cylinder is arranged on a driving steering axle of a rear wheel, and the two wheels respectively control tires 9 of the front wheel and tires of the rear wheel.
The steering wheel 1 comprises a steering wheel at the excavator end and a steering wheel at the loader end, and the steering device 2 comprises a steering wheel at the excavator end and a steering wheel at the loader end.
The steering gear 2 is a load-sensitive full hydraulic steering gear.
The electromagnetic valves A7 and B8 are two-position six-way electromagnetic valves, when the two electromagnetic valves are closed at the same time, the steering wheel and the steering gear at the excavator end act, and when the two electromagnetic valves are disconnected at the same time, the steering wheel and the steering gear at the loader end act.
As shown in fig. 14-16, the frame 401 of the cab adopts a high-strength special pipe for a forklift overhead guard, and the welded frame 401 forms a whole, so that the strength is better, the frame is not easy to deform when the vehicle rolls over, and the life safety of a driver is protected. Two sets of steering wheels 1 and instrument assemblies 402 are arranged in a cab, so that a driver can drive the vehicle in two directions, a seat 404 arranged in the middle is a rotatable seat, and the seat can be conveniently rotated by pulling a handle below the seat, thereby achieving the purpose of driving the vehicle in two directions. As can be seen in connection with fig. 15, the digging end of the cab, the tempered glass, up to the floor of the cab, maximizes the field of view when the digging mechanism is operated, and the work of the bucket is seen while sitting inside the cab. And the grid is arranged above the cab, so that the strength of the cab when the cab is tipped over is enhanced, and high-altitude falling objects can be effectively prevented. This is not possible with the existing busy ends. A multiple valve mounting box 405 is mounted beside the seat 404 for mounting the valves.
The working method of the backhoe loader is as follows in connection with fig. 1-3:
When the vehicle turns left in running, the steering wheel 1 rotates the steering wheel 2 through the connecting mechanism, the LS port of the steering wheel 2 sends a signal to the priority valve 5, at the moment, the engine 12 drives the gear pump 3 to pump high-pressure hydraulic oil to enter the steering wheel 2 through the priority valve 5, along with the rotation of the steering wheel 1, the hydraulic oil flows out of the A port of the steering wheel 2 into the two-position six-way electromagnetic valve A7, flows out of the B port of the steering wheel 2 into the two-position six-way electromagnetic valve B8, enters the synchronous valve 6 after coming out of the two-position six-way electromagnetic valves, enters the left cylinder of the front axle steering cylinder 11 and the left cylinder of the rear axle steering cylinder through the synchronous valve 6, and respectively pulls the tires on the driving steering axle to finish steering actions through the two steering cylinders, and when steering to the right, the actions are opposite.
The main body component of the frame assembly 100 is a unitary frame.
As shown in fig. 11-12, the integral frame of the loader-digger is formed by welding a large arm mounting seat 101 of the loader, a frame side plate 102, a cab mounting seat 103, a front axle fixing seat 104, a large arm bracket 105 of the loader, a bracket supporting plate 106, an engine supporting plate 107, a radiator supporting plate 108, a swinging bracket 109, a rotating cylinder supporting plate 110 of the large arm of the loader and a supporting leg bracket 111.
The excavator boom mounting base 101 is used for mounting the excavator boom. The cab mount 103 is used to mount the cab. The loader arm support 105 is used to attach the loader arm. The bracket supporting plate 106 is welded below the loader big arm bracket 105 and supports the loader big arm bracket 105 for connection and reinforcement. The swing bracket 109 is used for fixing the swing welding, and the rear axle is installed and fixed on the swing welding. Through rocking seam, can the side-to-side in the certain angle prevent 4 wheels on a plane, have the tire unsettled when crossing the pothole highway section.
The front axle is mounted on the frame assembly 100 by bolts, and the rear axle is mounted on the frame assembly 100 by a hinge bracket.
The integral frame has good stability, strong bearing capacity and small turning radius, and can prolong the service life of the multifunctional engineering vehicle, thereby improving the overall cost performance of the vehicle.
As shown in fig. 13, the excavation mechanism assembly 500 includes a ram centering system. The oil cylinder middle-set system comprises a large arm oil cylinder 503, one end of the large arm oil cylinder 503 is connected to the inside of the center of a large arm 501 of the excavator through a pin shaft 502, the other end of the large arm oil cylinder 503 is connected to the frame assembly 100, and the large arm 501 of the excavator is fixed to the frame assembly 100.
When the stroke of the large arm oil cylinder is reduced, the large arm is gradually lifted and finally vertical to the frame, when the stroke of the large arm oil cylinder is prolonged, the large arm gradually falls down and rotates downwards, and when the stroke reaches the maximum, the maximum digging depth is reached.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.