CN112237483A

CN112237483A - Cranium front side portion operation fixing device among cranium and brain surgery

Info

Publication number: CN112237483A
Application number: CN201910643954.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张春秋; 李钟鑫; 刘振忠; 高丽兰
Original assignee: Tianjin University of Technology
Current assignee: Tianjin University of Technology
Priority date: 2019-07-17
Filing date: 2019-07-17
Publication date: 2021-01-19

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixation device for craniotomy in neurosurgery, belonging to the technical field of clinical medicine and forensic medicine examination instruments. Including base-A and base-B, the two bases are combined and clamped with positioning pins and connecting clamping bolts; then connect the fixing plate to the base, before connecting the fixing plate, make sure that the patient's teeth are connected to the fixing plate There is a good bite between the tooth fixing grooves on the upper part to avoid relative movement after fixation. After the entire fixation device is installed, the patient's head can now have six degrees of freedom in space, that is, the head is fully restrained, providing effective support for the next operation. The fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, good fixing effect and low cost, which can effectively reduce the time and cost of the doctor. At the same time, the fixing device solves the risks of the traditional headband and screw fixing methods for patients suffering from osteoporosis, because the fixing device mainly It is based on the shape of the patient's head and the way of fixing the teeth, so there is no need to worry about the safety risk of osteoporosis.

Description

Cranium front side portion operation fixing device among cranium and brain surgery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of craniocerebral surgical operations, and discloses a fixing device designed for a craniocerebral anterior surface operation, which can quickly and accurately fix a skull of a patient, ensure that a craniotome can accurately open the skull, and further ensure that the operation is performed smoothly and efficiently.

Background

Before neurosurgery is performed, the head of a patient is generally required to be subjected to CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the position of a lesion of the patient, then the lesion is opened at a position corresponding to the skull, the lesion is fully exposed, and then relevant operation work is performed by an attending physician. Generally, craniotomy is a difficult problem in neurosurgery, mainly because the fixation is difficult, and because the special structure of the human brain makes the choice of the fixation mode very limited, it is difficult to ensure that the craniotomy tool and the head of the patient have relative displacement when the craniotomy is performed. By looking up related documents and considering the cost problem, the existing common fixing mode is a skull fixing frame, namely two rigid baffles are used for fixing the symmetrical positions of the two sides of the head of a patient, although the fixing is simple and cheap, the fixing effect is not ideal, and when a doctor performs skull opening operation, the position of a focus can be accurately opened, so that the efficiency of the operation and the success rate of the operation are influenced. There are also some patents of inventions for craniotomy in craniocerebral surgery by related scholars: for example, although a craniotomy fixing device (patent No. 200420075081.3) uses a circular ring similar to a head band and three screws are arranged around the head band for fixing, the fixing method of the head band and the screws can not ensure the fixing efficiency, and the local pressure is higher because the screws are used for limiting and clamping in the process, so that the patient is required to have higher tolerance to the fixing device. The craniotome fixator (patent number: 94247547.X) is fixed by adopting a head hoop and screw fixing mode. Moreover, studies have found that the fixation of the head band and screws is at risk for osteoporotic patients. Therefore, craniotomy fixation in craniocerebral surgery has become a key factor that now affects the efficiency and success rate of the surgery.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems of difficult craniotomy fixation and low fixation efficiency in the craniotomy, the invention designs the craniotomy fixation device for the front side part of the skull, which can greatly improve the fixation efficiency and ensure that the head of a patient does not have relative displacement in the craniotomy.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the skull front side part operation fixing device mainly comprises the following relevant modules: the device comprises a base-A, a base-B, a fixing frame, a positioning pin hole and a connecting clamping bolt.

The base-A and the base-B are printed in a 3D mode according to the shapes of the brains of different patients, the shapes of the brains of the patients are well matched, the base is divided into the part A and the part B for ensuring good installation and disassembly of the base, and meanwhile, the fixing effect of the base is not affected after the base is divided into the part A and the part B, so that a positioning pin and a positioning pin hole are respectively arranged on the base-A and the base-B. The mount also prints through 3D to use patient's tooth to fix as the constant head tank, it is tight with the mount joint clamp through connecting clamping bolt with the base at last, thereby guarantee the fixed of patient's head.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the skull front side portion operation fixing device is similar to a V-shaped block through a base printed on the head of a patient, four degrees of freedom of the head are constrained in space, then a fixing frame is fixed by teeth, two degrees of freedom of the head of the patient in space are limited, the fixing frame is connected with the base through a connecting and clamping bolt, therefore, six degrees of freedom of the head of the patient are limited in space, no relative displacement is guaranteed between the head of the patient and the fixing device, and therefore smooth operation of craniotomy is guaranteed.

The advantage of this patent:

1. the fixing device is high in fixing efficiency and provides technical support for accurate determination of the open circuit.

2. The fixing device is simple to operate, easy to operate, free of professional training and capable of reducing labor cost.

3. The device is practical and efficient, solves the problem of difficulty in fixation in craniotomy, and greatly reduces the time cost of doctors in craniocerebral operations.

4. The fixing device is different from the traditional fixing mode of head hoops and screws, and is more suitable for patients with osteoporosis.

5. The fixing device is simple in structure and low in cost, relieves the economic pressure of a patient to a certain extent, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a skull anterior surface surgical fixation device.

Fig. 2 is a front view of a cranial anterior surgical fixation device.

Fig. 3 is a side view (left) of the surgical fixture for the anterior face of the skull.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the surgical fixture for the anterior face of the skull.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of base-B.

In the drawings: 1 is a tooth fixing groove; 2 is a fixed frame; 3, connecting a clamping bolt; 4 base-A; 5 base-B; 6 is a positioning pin hole; 7 positioning pin

Detailed Description

Example (b): the operation fixing device for the front side part of the skull comprises a tooth fixing groove, a fixing frame, a base A for connecting a clamping bolt, a base B, a positioning pin and a positioning pin hole. The method comprises the steps of firstly, conducting 3D printing on the device according to the appearance of the head of a patient, before the craniotomy is prepared, placing the head of the patient on a base-A and a base-B, conducting positioning and folding according to positioning holes and positioning pins on two connecting surfaces, ensuring that the two modules of the base are not staggered, then connecting and clamping the base-A and the base-B through connecting and clamping bolts, then installing a fixing frame, ensuring that the teeth of the patient are correctly positioned in tooth positioning grooves, and then connecting and clamping the fixing frame and a bottom plate through the connecting and clamping bolts. Through the correct operation, no relative displacement between the head of the patient and the fixing device can be ensured, so that the next operation can be effectively carried out.

Claims

1. The invention relates to a device for effectively fixing the skull of a patient in craniocerebral surgery. Before neurosurgery, the head of a patient needs to be effectively fixed, so that subsequent operation can be effectively developed, the efficient skull fixing mode can not only relieve the pain of the patient and improve the tolerance of the patient to an instrument, but also greatly reduce the operation time of a doctor and improve the work efficiency of the doctor, and further improve the success rate of the operation, so that the effective skull fixing mode is a precondition for smoothly and efficiently developing the operation in the neurosurgery. The invention relates to a fixing device for cranium anterior face surgery in cranium-brain surgery, which mainly comprises the following structures and modules: the device comprises a base-A, a base-B, a fixing frame, a positioning pin hole and a connecting clamping bolt. The base is divided into two parts A and B, so that the head of a patient can be conveniently installed on the base, and meanwhile, the positioning pins and the positioning pin holes on the contact surfaces of the base A and the base B can ensure that the relative position of the base is not changed although the base is divided into two parts; in the fixing frame, the rotation and the displacement of the fixing frame in the space are limited by the tooth positioning grooves, and finally the base-A, the base-B and the fixing frame are connected and clamped into a whole by connecting and clamping bolts, and the fixing device can completely restrict six degrees of freedom of the skull in the space, thereby achieving the purpose of fixing. The traditional skull fixing method is usually a method of head hoop and steel nail, which has the disadvantages that the steel nail is embedded into the skull of the patient, thus causing unnecessary pain to the patient, and the fixing method has great safety risk to the patient suffering from osteoporosis. However, in the invention, the traditional fixing mode of the head hoop and the steel nail is abandoned, and the method of fixing the head hoop and the teeth is adopted, so that the tolerance capability of the patient is greatly improved, the pain of the patient is relieved, the mounting and dismounting are very convenient, the adaptability is wider, and the early preparation working time of the operation can be greatly reduced.