CN112237462A - Craniotomy positioning guide template used in neurosurgery operation - Google Patents
Craniotomy positioning guide template used in neurosurgery operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112237462A CN112237462A CN201910643951.3A CN201910643951A CN112237462A CN 112237462 A CN112237462 A CN 112237462A CN 201910643951 A CN201910643951 A CN 201910643951A CN 112237462 A CN112237462 A CN 112237462A
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- craniotomy
- guide plate
- patient
- positioning
- guide template
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- 238000007428 craniotomy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000036339 tooth positioning Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010051290 Central nervous system lesion Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 241001521547 Craniotome Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1695—Trepans or craniotomes, i.e. specially adapted for drilling thin bones such as the skull
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1732—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires for bone breaking devices
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及到外科手术中的开颅操作，解决了在开颅手术中定位难的问题，该导向模板主要包括：上导板，下导板，定位圆柱销，牙齿定位槽蒙板，连接夹紧螺栓。该导向模板最主要的优点就是：对医生来说操作简单，安装拆卸都比较方便，不需要单独的培训即可上手使用；同时其定位较为准确，能够使患者的病灶充分暴露，使医生能够更顺利的进行手术；并且因为其操作简单，安装拆卸非常方便的特点，能够大大节省手术的时间成本；对于患者来说，该导向模板能够直接利用3D打印技术制作，成本较低，在一定程度上缓解了患者的资金压力。
The invention relates to the craniotomy operation in the surgical operation, and solves the problem of difficult positioning in the craniotomy operation. The guide template mainly includes: an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate, a positioning cylinder pin, a tooth positioning groove mask, and a connecting clamping bolt . The main advantages of the guide template are: it is easy for doctors to operate, easy to install and disassemble, and can be used without separate training; at the same time, its positioning is more accurate, which can fully expose the patient's lesions, so that doctors can better The operation can be carried out smoothly; and because of its simple operation and very convenient installation and disassembly, it can greatly save the time and cost of the operation; for patients, the guide template can be directly produced by 3D printing technology, the cost is low, and to a certain extent Alleviate the financial pressure of patients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a positioning guide template for cutting a skull in neurosurgery.
Background
Craniotomy is one of the common surgical operations, also called craniotomy, and refers to opening the skull of a human body by using instrument equipment to expose soft tissues inside the brain and performing unconventional treatment on intracerebral lesions, so that the treatment operation not only has very high requirements on the technical level of operation of a doctor, but also has great influence on the efficiency of operation development of the skull by cutting the skull at the correct position.
When craniotomy is performed, the current common method is to determine a focus in a CT or MRT scanning manner, and then determine a cut at an operation position on the skull according to the focus position and a related anatomical positioning principle, but uncertain factors (such as position deviation, too large cut and the like) in the cutting process all affect smooth operation.
In order to accurately determine the position of the skull incision part and successfully reach the focus, an external positioning device is often needed, in the existing skull incision operation, a patient is usually laid on an operating table, then the head is fixed from two ends through hard objects, and the mode has the defects that the positioning is not stable enough, great accidental factors are caused to the skull incision position, and the operation efficiency is seriously influenced.
Conventional craniotomy procedures can generally be divided into three parts: firstly, medical staff clean cuts and surrounding hairs with a blade; secondly, cutting the scalp along the coronal plane of the top of the head by using a scalpel blade and peeling the scalp forwards and backwards; finally, cutting the skull of the lesion position of the patient by an electric saw; the first two steps are relatively not very demanding on the skill level of the practitioner, but the third step is very dependent on the experience and skill level of the practitioner.
Some of the prior art devices only provide for two-dimensional awake motion positioning (patent No. 201320120883); some of them are not efficient in cutting, but are still deficient in guiding and positioning (patent No. 201720298727.1); still others have a good positioning and cutting effect on the skull, but they are expensive to make and complicated to operate (patent No. 201721572274.3)
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and technical analysis, and provides a simple and efficient skull cutting guide template. The guide template aims to reduce the capital cost in the craniotomy through simple and efficient design, and meanwhile, the operation is simple, professional training is not needed, the time consumption is short, and the time cost in the operation process is saved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a guide template for cutting skull in craniotomy comprises an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate, a guide plate skin and a connecting and clamping bolt.
The guide template is manufactured according to the head shapes of different patients, the guide template is guaranteed to have good conformity with the head shapes of the patients, the positioning mode of the guide template is similar to the positioning mode of one surface and two pins in a project, so that the six degrees of freedom of the guide template in the space are all restricted, and the guide template is guaranteed not to move relative to the heads of the patients. The guide template is mainly divided into an upper part and a lower part, the guide template is convenient to mount and dismount, and meanwhile, in order to ensure the rigidity of the guide template, the upper part and the lower part are connected through flat bolts, so that the guide template plays a role in fixing and clamping. Then, after the position of the focus is determined through the experience of a doctor and a related anatomical theory, the specific position of skull cutting is determined, a reasonable cutting area is designed, then the reasonable cutting area is mapped onto a skin of a guide template, and a cutting window corresponding to the reasonable cutting area is made on the skin in a forward mode. Finally, the surgeon may then perform a cutting operation on the skull along the edges of the guide template using the associated tool for cutting the skull.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the skull cutting guide template is a device capable of conducting high positioning and guiding on skull cutting, a reasonable skull cutting position is selected through the determination of the position of intracranial lesion, then the reasonable skull cutting position is mapped to the skin of the guide template to conduct the design of a cutting window, and finally the incision of the skull can accurately correspond to the position of the intracranial lesion, so that the operation can be conducted efficiently.
The invention has the advantages that:
the skull cutting guide template has simple structure and low cost, and can partially reduce the capital pressure of a patient; in addition, the guide plate is completely constrained in six degrees of freedom in space in an efficient positioning mode, so that no relative movement between the guide template and the head of a patient is ensured, a doctor can accurately reach a focus to treat, the medical efficiency is improved, and the surgical risk caused by the absence of the guide template when the doctor cuts the skull is reduced; meanwhile, due to the simple structure and operation, the medical staff can be directly used without independent training, and the labor and time cost of doctors is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a guide template.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the guide template.
Fig. 3 is a side view (left) of the guide form.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the guide form.
In the figure: 1. an upper guide plate; 2. positioning the cylindrical pin; 3. a lower guide plate; 4. a tooth positioning slot; 5. opening a craniotomy positioning hole; 6. covering a plate; 7. and connecting a clamping bolt.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
the craniotomy guide template is a device for improving the working efficiency of doctors and saving the craniotomy time, and the craniotomy guide template mainly comprises the following structures: the device comprises an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate, a positioning cylindrical pin, a tooth positioning groove, a craniotomy positioning hole and a connecting bolt. The specific implementation mode is as follows: the craniotome can be individually customized for different people, an upper guide plate 1, a lower guide plate 3 and a mask 6 of a guide template are three-dimensionally printed according to the head shape of a patient before an operation, and a craniotome positioning hole 5 on the mask is determined according to the position of the craniotome required by the patient; before an operation, the guide template is worn by a patient, the upper teeth of the patient are ensured to be in the tooth positioning grooves 4 of the lower guide plate, then the upper guide plate 1 and the lower guide plate 3 are connected and fastened through the connecting bolts 7, after the operation, the head of the patient and the guide template can be ensured not to have relative displacement, the spatial freedom degree is zero, and therefore the accuracy of craniotomy is ensured, finally, a doctor can perform craniotomy operation on the patient according to the craniotomy positioning holes 5 on the guide template, after the craniotomy operation is completed, the connecting bolts 7 are loosened, and the guide template is taken down.
Claims (1)
1. The invention relates to a positioning guide template for craniotomy of a patient in craniocerebral surgery. The craniotomy is a common neurosurgery operation, which means that instruments and equipment are used for opening a skull to expose soft tissues in the brain, and unconventional treatment is performed on brain lesions. The invention aims to solve the problem and specially designs an operation guide template for craniotomy of a patient so as to ensure that the skull can be correctly opened for operation. The main modules and parts of the invention comprise: the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate, the guide plate skin and the clamping bolt are connected. The upper guide plate is manufactured according to the head shapes of different patients, can be effectively attached to the head of the patient during installation, and limits the relative position of the head of the patient in the craniotomy process, the upper guide plate is fixed by the teeth of the patient and the tooth positioning grooves, then the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate are connected and clamped by the connecting and clamping bolts, six degrees of freedom of the head of the patient in space are limited after the operation, then the operation position on the skull is determined according to the focus position located by the previous CT or MRT scanning of the patient, the operation position is mapped to the guide plate skin to manufacture a proper cutting window, and finally, the craniotomy operator can perform craniotomy operation on the patient according to the prefabricated guide on the guide plate skin. Compared with the traditional craniotomy guide, the craniotomy guide has the characteristics of simpler structure, high positioning efficiency and good positioning effect, and can be independently formulated according to different patients, so that individual difference factors caused by batch production can be avoided, the craniotomy can be ensured to be carried out at the correct position, and the success rate of the craniotomy operation is improved.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910643951.3A CN112237462A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | Craniotomy positioning guide template used in neurosurgery operation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910643951.3A CN112237462A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | Craniotomy positioning guide template used in neurosurgery operation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112237462A true CN112237462A (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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| CN201910643951.3A Pending CN112237462A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | Craniotomy positioning guide template used in neurosurgery operation |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6355049B1 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 2002-03-12 | Sherwood Services Ag | Head fixation apparatus |
| CN202505371U (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-10-31 | 顾同胜 | Craniocerebral CT locator |
| CN203042464U (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-07-10 | 张文生 | Craniocerebral operation positioner |
| US20130274778A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-17 | Orthosoft Inc. | Patient specific surgical guide |
| CN206534711U (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-10-03 | 丁煜昊 | A kind of operation of opening cranium scalp locator |
| CN108201472A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-26 | 财团法人交大思源基金会 | Non-invasive head-mounted stereotaxic auxiliary device |
-
2019
- 2019-07-17 CN CN201910643951.3A patent/CN112237462A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6355049B1 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 2002-03-12 | Sherwood Services Ag | Head fixation apparatus |
| CN202505371U (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-10-31 | 顾同胜 | Craniocerebral CT locator |
| US20130274778A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-17 | Orthosoft Inc. | Patient specific surgical guide |
| CN203042464U (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-07-10 | 张文生 | Craniocerebral operation positioner |
| CN206534711U (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-10-03 | 丁煜昊 | A kind of operation of opening cranium scalp locator |
| CN108201472A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-26 | 财团法人交大思源基金会 | Non-invasive head-mounted stereotaxic auxiliary device |
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