CN112230564B - Dynamic temperature resistance signal simulation control method - Google Patents
Dynamic temperature resistance signal simulation control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112230564B CN112230564B CN202011105722.5A CN202011105722A CN112230564B CN 112230564 B CN112230564 B CN 112230564B CN 202011105722 A CN202011105722 A CN 202011105722A CN 112230564 B CN112230564 B CN 112230564B
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B17/00—Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor, which comprises the steps of interrupting a timer, and reading the voltage of a total circuit side and the voltage of a reference resistor side; judging the magnitude relation between the voltage of the total circuit side and the voltage of the reference resistor side; if the voltage of the total circuit side is not equal to the voltage of the reference resistor side, calculating the actual resistance of the total circuit side, calculating the target resistance and the actual resistance to determine the PWM duty ratio, setting PWM control parameters and generating PWM signals; according to the PWM signal, controlling the output resistance value of the total circuit side to be close to the target resistance value; and finishing the interruption of the timer. The method of the invention uses a closed-loop control method to carry out PWM resistance analog control, greatly improves the control precision of signals, and reduces the precision requirement on signal circuit components, thereby reducing the system cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic control and signal simulation, in particular to a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor.
Background
With the progress of electronic technology, in the development process of an electronic control system, the adoption of hardware-in-loop simulation technology to accelerate the development and verification process of the system has become a new trend. In various electronic control systems, the temperature signal is usually in the form of a resistance signal, such as PT100, PT1000, and the like, which are commonly used. It has become a fundamental requirement for simulation systems to provide resistive analog signals. The usual resistance signal generation method is: manual varistor setting, digital potentiometer setting, digital analog resistors, etc. The above methods have advantages and disadvantages. The manual control method is not beneficial to realizing dynamic automatic signal simulation; the digital potentiometer can realize digital controllable grading output, but the resolution is limited by the grading quantity, the general span is large, and the resolution is difficult to meet the continuous and accurate control of the resistance signal.
Based on the above problems, if a closed-loop control method can be used to perform resistance analog control, a control method that can greatly improve the control accuracy of signals, reduce the accuracy requirements for signal circuit components, and reduce the cost of the system is highly desirable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dynamic simulation control method for a resistor. The method utilizes a closed-loop control method to carry out PWM resistance analog control, greatly improves the control precision of signals, and reduces the precision requirement on signal circuit components, thereby reducing the system cost.
Based on the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
according to the invention, a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the timer is interrupted, and the voltage of the side of the total circuit and the voltage of the side of the reference resistor are read;
judging the magnitude relation between the voltage of the total circuit side and the voltage of the reference resistor side;
if the voltage of the total circuit side is not equal to the voltage of the reference resistor side, calculating the actual resistance of the total circuit side, calculating the target resistance and the actual resistance to determine the PWM duty ratio, setting PWM control parameters and generating PWM signals;
according to the PWM signal, controlling the output resistance value of the total circuit side to be close to the target resistance value;
and finishing the interruption of the timer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising:
if the voltage on the side of the total circuit is equal to the voltage on the side of the reference resistor, the corresponding relation between the target resistance and the PWM duty ratio is searched, and PWM control parameters are set by using the PWM duty ratio to generate PWM signals.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the total circuit is a circuit formed by connecting a reference resistor and a switching tube in series.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the total circuit side actual resistance value includes calculating according to the following formula:
R sim ＝U _ch1 *R 1 /U _ch2
wherein R is sim Is the actual resistance value, U _ch1 Is the voltage on the side of the total circuit; u (U) _ch2 Is the voltage of the reference resistor side, R 1 The resistance of the reference resistor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of calculating the target resistance and the actual resistance to determine the PWM duty ratio includes inputting the target resistance and the actual resistance as input parameters to the PID control module, and calculating to obtain the PWM duty ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of controlling the output resistance of the total circuit side to approach the target resistance according to the PWM signal includes that the PWM signal adjusts the output resistance of the total circuit side by controlling the on/off of the switching tube and the on/off time of the switching tube, so that the output resistance of the total circuit side is controlled to approach the target resistance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the output resistance is a resistance adjusted by the PWM signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the case where the voltage on the side of the total circuit and the voltage on the side of the reference resistor are not equal, if the actual resistance is greater than the target resistance, the PWM duty ratio is increased, the off time of the switching transistor is reduced, and the on time is increased.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the case where the voltage on the side of the total circuit and the voltage on the side of the reference resistor are not equal, if the actual resistance is smaller than the target resistance, the PWM duty ratio is reduced, the on time of the switching transistor is reduced, and the off time is increased.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the actual resistance is the resistance of the total circuit side before the PWM signal adjustment when the voltage of the total circuit side and the voltage of the reference resistor side are not equal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the dynamic simulation control method of the resistor can realize low-cost and high-precision temperature resistor simulation by utilizing the scheme in a hardware-in-loop simulation system, and provides a solution for simulation and development of control systems of diesel engines, locomotives and the like.
The dynamic simulation control method of the resistor controls the switching tube through PWM, and controls the switching tube through PWM duty ratio to generate the effects of different simulation resistors.
The invention adopts PWM signals to control the quick on-off of the switching tube, and realizes the analog simulation output of the resistance signals by matching with the high-precision reference resistor; a high-precision digital-to-analog converter is adopted to respectively collect differential voltages at two ends of a high-precision reference resistor and differential voltages at two ends of a whole analog resistor circuit; because the high-precision reference resistor and the switching tube are in a series circuit, the actual resistance value of the whole analog resistor can be calculated by comparing two differential voltages with the resistance value of the known high-precision reference resistor to form feedback data; and dynamically controlling the duty ratio of the PWM control signal according to the target resistance value and the actual resistance value of the analog resistor, and realizing the dynamic feedback control of the analog resistor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a hardware schematic diagram of a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention when an external circuit is connected;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a software start-up flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of INT in a dynamic simulation control method of resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of EXP in a dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Hardware principle as shown in fig. 1, the hardware circuit is assembled according to a hardware principle diagram, and attention is paid to the relation between the direction of a switch tube and the current direction of an external detection circuit.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the high-precision analog-to-digital converter is composed of CPU (hereinafter referred to as CPU), ADC (hereinafter referred to as ADC), and switch tube Q 1 (hereinafter referred to as Q) 1 ) High-precision reference resistor R 1 (hereinafter referred to as R) 1 ) The components form a hardware circuit, wherein Q 1 And R is 1 An analog circuit (i.e. a total circuit) is formed by series connection, and two ends of the analog circuit can output analog resistance signals; the actual resistance value of the whole analog resistor is R sim The target resistance value of the whole analog resistor is R sp The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the CPU controls Q through its PWM port 1 Is connected with the power supply; the frequency of the PWM signal and the duty ratio signal are calculated and controlled by the CPU; the CPU is connected with the ADC communication signal port through the communication signal port, and accesses the ADC at a high speed in real time to acquire an ADC_CH1 signal and an ADC_CH2 signal acquired by the ADC; ADC works in differential analog input mode, and two ends of ADC_CH1 channel are respectively connected withTo OUT 1 、OUT 2 The two ends of the ADC_CH2 channel are respectively connected to the two ends of R1, namely the ADC_CH1 channel collects an analog circuit (Q 1 +R 1 ) Voltage value U of (2) _ch1 The ADC_CH2 channel collects R 1 Voltage value U of (2) _ch2 . Thereby forming the hardware circuit of the present embodiment.
Preferably, a 24-bit high-precision analog-to-digital converter may be used as the high-precision analog-to-digital converter, and other types of high-precision analog-to-digital converters of the prior art are applicable.
The software control flow of the dynamic simulation control method of the resistor is as follows:
as shown in the flowchart of fig. 4, system initialization is first performed.
After the system is electrified, entering a starting process 1.1 and then entering a process 1.2;
entering a flow 1.2, configuring a high-precision ADC communication channel and ADC basic configuration, and entering a flow 1.3;
entering a flow 1.3, setting ADC detection channels as ADC_CH1 and ADC_CH2, and entering a flow 1.4;
entering a flow 1.4, initializing a PWM control module, and entering a flow 1.5;
entering a flow 1.5, initializing a PID module, and entering a flow 1.6;
entering a flow 1.6, initializing an internal timer, and entering a flow 1.7;
entering a flow 1.7, starting an internal timer to interrupt, and entering a flow 1.8;
and entering a process 1.8, completing an initialization process, and waiting for the interrupt of the internal timer.
The internal timer is interrupted and then enters the following flow:
a timer interrupt, a voltage (U_ch1) on the analog circuit side and a voltage (U_ch2) on the reference resistor side are read;
judging the magnitude relation between the voltage of the analog circuit side and the voltage of the reference resistor side;
if the voltage of the analog circuit side is not equal to the voltage of the reference resistor side, calculating the actual resistance of the analog circuit side, calculating the target resistance and the actual resistance to determine the PWM duty ratio, setting PWM control parameters and generating PWM signals; the actual resistance value is the resistance value of the analog resistor side before the PWM signal adjustment when the voltage of the analog resistor side and the voltage of the reference resistor side are not equal.
If the voltage on the analog circuit side is equal to the voltage on the reference resistor side, the corresponding relation between the target resistance and the PWM duty ratio is searched, and PWM control parameters are set by using the PWM duty ratio to generate a PWM signal.
And according to the PWM signal, controlling the output resistance value of the analog circuit side to be close to the target resistance value, and adjusting the output resistance value of the analog resistor side by the PWM signal through controlling the on-off of the switching tube and the on-off time of the switching tube so as to enable the output resistance value of the analog resistor side to be close to the target resistance value. Thereby obtaining the required resistance signal.
The output resistance is the resistance adjusted by the PWM signal.
Preferably, in the case where the voltage on the analog resistor side and the voltage on the reference resistor side are not equal, if the actual resistance is larger than the target resistance, the PWM duty ratio is increased, the switching tube off time is reduced, and the on time is increased
Preferably, in the case where the voltage on the analog resistor side and the voltage on the reference resistor side are not equal, if the actual resistance is smaller than the target resistance, the PWM duty ratio is reduced, the switching tube on time is reduced, and the off time is increased
Specifically, after the internal timer is interrupted, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5,
after capturing internal timer interrupt, the CPU enters a timer interrupt service routine 2.1 and enters a flow 2.2;
entering the flow 2.2, accessing the ADC, reading the acquired voltage value results of the channels of the ADC_CH1 and the ADC_CH2, and storing the voltage value results in U _ch1 、U _ch2 In the process, the process enters a flow 2.3;
entering a flow 2.3, judging U _ch1 、U _ch2 Relationship, if U _ch1 ＝U _ch2 Or very close, go to scheme 2.4; otherwise, enter the flow 2.5;
flow 2.4, selecting INT flow for calculation, and entering flow 2.6;
2.5, selecting an EXP flow for calculation, and entering a flow 2.6;
entering flow 2.6, controlling the PWM output, specifically generating PWM pulse signals, controlling the OUT of the analog circuit according to the PWM pulse signals 1 、OUT 2 The resistance value of the output resistance signal is close to the target resistance value; entering a flow 2.7;
and (4) entering a flow 2.7 to finish the time interruption.
The frequency of the resistance adjustment of the analog resistor can be adjusted by adjusting the interval time between each interrupt of the internal timer.
If U _ch1 ＝U _ch2 Or very close, then it is determined that no external circuit is connected, and the INT process is performed. I.e. INT flow (no external sense circuit control flow) is OUT which simulates a resistor 1 、OUT 2 The INT flow is specifically as follows when no external circuit is connected, as shown in FIG. 6:
after the system selects and enters the INT process 3.1, the system enters the process 3.2;
enter flow 3.2, read R sp Numerical value, (R sp The method can be obtained by a CPU in real time through external communication and other means), and the process enters 3.3;
entering into flow 3.3, searching R pre-stored in CPU sp The corresponding relation with the PWM duty ratio is that the current PWM duty ratio is used, and the flow 3.4 is entered;
entering a flow 3.4, setting PWM control parameters, and entering a flow 3.5;
and entering a flow 3.5 to finish the INT flow.
Although the INT flow is OUT with analog resistors 1 、OUT 2 The process implemented when the external circuit is not connected is that the PWM duty ratio is still searched, PWM control parameters are set, PWM signals are generated, and then the output resistance value of the analog circuit side is controlled to be close to the target resistance value according to the PWM signals, so that the resistance value of the analog resistor is adjusted to be the target resistance value or close to the target resistance value when the external circuit is not connected, and once the external circuit is connected, the response speed of the analog resistor is the same as or close to the target resistance value due to the fact that the output resistance value is the same as or close to the target resistance valueAccelerating.
When U is _ch1 (ADC_CH1 voltage value) is not equal to U _ch2 When the voltage value of the ADC_CH2 is equal, the analog resistor is judged to be connected to an external circuit for signal simulation, and the EXP process (with the control process of an external detection circuit) is executed. I.e. the EXP flow is the OUT of the analog resistor 1 、OUT 2 As shown in fig. 7 and 3, the EXP flow is specifically:
after the system selects and enters the EXP process 4.1, the system enters the process 4.2;
enter flow 4.2, read R sp The numerical value (obtained by the CPU in real time through external communication and other means) enters a flow 4.3;
entering the flow 4.3, according to the formula R sim ＝U _ch1 *R 1 /U _ch2 R is calculated sim (actual resistance value), and the process enters a flow 4.4;
go to scheme 4.4, R sp 、R sim As input parameter, inputting PID control module, calculating, entering into flow 4.5;
entering a flow 4.5, calculating and determining a PWM duty ratio, and entering a flow 4.6;
entering a process 4.6, setting PWM control parameters, and entering a process 4.7;
and (4) entering a process 4.7 to finish the EXP process.
As shown in fig. 2, regarding "procedure 4.3, according to formula R sim ＝U _ch1 *R 1 /U _ch2 R is calculated sim ", its principle is that when U _ch1 (ADC_CH1 voltage value) is not equal to U _ch2 When (ADC_CH2 voltage value), the analog resistor is judged to be connected to an external circuit for signal simulation, and at the moment, the analog resistor is connected to the external circuit for signal simulation through Q 1 、R 1 The effective current values of (a) are the same and can be calculated by using ohm's law (i=u/R). Then i=u _ch2 /R 1 And i=u _ch1 /R sim Due to R 1 Is a high-precision reference resistor, the resistance value of which is known, and thus R can be obtained sim ＝U _ch1 *R 1 /U _ch2 。
The invention adopts PWM signals to control the quick on-off of the switching tube, and realizes the analog simulation output of the resistance signals by matching with the high-precision reference resistor; a high-precision digital-to-analog converter is adopted to respectively collect differential voltages at two ends of a high-precision reference resistor and differential voltages at two ends of the whole analog resistor; because the high-precision reference resistor and the switching tube are in a series circuit, the actual resistance value of the whole analog resistor can be calculated by comparing two differential voltages with the resistance value of the known high-precision reference resistor to form feedback data; and dynamically controlling the duty ratio of the PWM control signal according to the target resistance value and the actual resistance value of the analog resistor, and realizing the dynamic feedback control of the analog resistor.
The switching tube Q is controlled by the output PWM signal of the CPU 1 The output resistance of the analog resistor is adjusted through the duty ratio of the PWM signal; at the same time by differential detection of reference resistance R 1 The voltage at two ends and the voltage at two ends of the whole analog resistor are used for judging whether an external detection circuit is connected or not, and the PWM duty ratio is controlled by adopting an INT flow open loop respectively; calculating R in real time by adopting EXP flow sim Forms a feedback control, combines with R sp And PWM duty ratio control is performed through a PID module.
Calculating the resistance value R of the analog resistor in real time sim And a target resistance value R of the analog resistor sp And performing PID calculation to obtain the duty ratio parameter of the dynamic PWM signal, and generating the PWM signal. Control of the switching tube Q by means of a PWM signal controlled by feedback 1 Thus realizing the dynamic, feedback and accurate control of the actual resistance value of the whole analog resistor.
The target resistance related in this embodiment is a resistance required to be output by the analog circuit, for example, when the analog circuit is connected to an external circuit, the external circuit requires the analog circuit to provide the resistance. The target resistance may be a resistance stored in the CPU in advance, or may be a resistance obtained by the CPU in real time by means of external communication or the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the above discussion of any embodiment is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure of embodiments of the invention, including the claims, is limited to such examples; combinations of features of the above embodiments or in different embodiments are also possible within the idea of an embodiment of the invention, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The dynamic simulation control method of the resistor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the timer is interrupted, the voltage of the side of the total circuit and the voltage of the side of the reference resistor are read, the total circuit is an analog circuit formed by connecting the reference resistor and a switching tube in series, and two ends of the analog circuit can output analog resistors;
judging the magnitude relation between the voltage of the total circuit side and the voltage of the reference resistor side;
if the voltage at the side of the total circuit is equal to the voltage at the side of the reference resistor, judging that the analog resistor is not connected with an external circuit, searching for the corresponding relation between the target resistance and the PWM duty ratio, setting PWM control parameters by using the PWM duty ratio, and generating a PWM signal;
if the voltage at the side of the total circuit is not equal to the voltage at the side of the reference resistor, the analog resistor is judged to be connected into the external circuit for signal simulation, then the actual resistance at the side of the total circuit is calculated, the target resistance and the actual resistance are calculated to determine the PWM duty ratio, and then PWM control parameters are set to generate PWM signals, and the step of calculating the target resistance and the actual resistance to determine the PWM duty ratio comprises the following steps: taking the target resistance value and the actual resistance value as input parameters, inputting the input parameters into a PID control module, and calculating to obtain a PWM duty ratio;
according to the PWM signal, controlling the output resistance value of the total circuit side to be close to the target resistance value;
and finishing the interruption of the timer.
2. The dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the total circuit side actual resistance value includes:
the calculation is performed according to the following formula:
R sim ＝U _ch1 *R 1 /U _ch2
wherein R is sim Is the actual resistance value, U _ch1 Is the voltage on the side of the total circuit; u (U) _ch2 Is the voltage of the reference resistor side, R 1 The resistance of the reference resistor.
3. The dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to claim 1, wherein the controlling the output resistance value of the total circuit side to be close to the target resistance value according to the PWM signal includes: the PWM signal adjusts the output resistance value of the side of the total circuit by controlling the on-off of the switching tube and the time of the on-off of the switching tube, so that the output resistance value of the side of the total circuit is controlled to be close to the target resistance value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the output resistance is a resistance adjusted by a PWM signal.
5. The dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to claim 1, wherein if the actual resistance is larger than the target resistance in the case where the voltage on the side of the total circuit and the voltage on the side of the reference resistor are not equal, the PWM duty ratio is increased, the switching-off time is reduced, and the on time is increased.
6. The dynamic simulation control method of a resistor according to claim 1, wherein if the actual resistance is smaller than the target resistance in the case where the voltage on the side of the total circuit and the voltage on the side of the reference resistor are not equal, the PWM duty ratio is reduced, the on-time of the switch is reduced, and the off-time is increased.
7. The method of dynamic simulation control of a resistor according to claim 1, 2, 3, 5 or 6, wherein the actual resistance is the resistance of the total circuit side before the PWM signal adjustment in the case where "the voltage of the total circuit side and the voltage of the reference resistor side are not equal".
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