CN112230263A - Geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for radioactive environment of underground coal mining - Google Patents
Geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for radioactive environment of underground coal mining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for a radioactive environment of an underground coal mining mine, which comprises the following steps: s1: carrying out measurement of gamma radiation dose rate of a mining area environment and partitioning; s2: measuring soil radon concentration and soil radon exhalation rate and partitioning; s3: carrying out rock and soil sample collection and test and evaluating the influence of underground coal mining on soil radioactivity according to a radioactivity detection result; s4: carrying out water environment radioactivity investigation in a mining area and evaluating the radioactive influence of coal mine drainage according to the investigation result; s5: comprehensively sorting the measurement data obtained from S1, S2, S3 and S4, drawing a series of graphs, delineating radioactive abnormal areas, analyzing the cause of the radioactive abnormal areas in the mining area by combining with environmental geological conditions, and systematically evaluating the influence of coal mining on the geological environment. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention is comprehensive and systematic, and overcomes the defect of blank relevant standard of domestic radioactive environment geological survey.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental geological survey and environmental evaluation, and relates to a radioactive environmental geological comprehensive survey evaluation method for a well-exploited coal mine possibly containing a small amount of radioactive elements.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing awareness of the public on environmental protection, the pollution caused by mineral development is gradually concerned by all the communities, and the radioactive hazard caused by mineral resources gradually enters the public field of vision. More and more researches show that considerable amount of coal mine, iron ore and rare earth mineral products in China are accompanied by radioactive elements such as U, Th, Ra, 210Pb, 210Po and the like. Therefore, the radioactive environmental geological evaluation for developing mineral resources (especially mineral resources containing a small amount of radioactive elements) is carried out, namely, the necessary work for ensuring the environmental quality, preventing radioactive pollution and guaranteeing the health of personnel is provided, and the effective measure for eliminating public radioactive panic and ensuring the reasonable utilization of resources is provided.
At present, a systematic geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for radioactive environment of underground coal mining is not available, and the method starts from geological environment protection, and analyzes the reason of the radioactive abnormality of a mining area by combining environmental geological conditions through measuring the gamma radiation dose rate of the mining area environment, measuring the soil radon concentration and the soil radon exhalation rate, collecting and testing rock and soil samples, investigating the water environment radioactivity of the mining area, and systematically evaluates the influence of coal mining on the geological environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for a radioactive environment of an underground coal mine, which is used for solving the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for a radioactive environment of an underground coal mining mine comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out level investigation on the gamma radiation dose rate of the mining area environment, evaluating the subareas according to the investigation result, dividing the gamma radiation dose rate of the mining area environment into subareas according to a safety area, a high area and a dangerous area, analyzing the reasons for the high area and the dangerous area of the mining area environment gamma radiation dose rate by combining with the environmental geological conditions, and carrying out risk assessment.
In step S1, the measurement point layout for the investigation of the environmental gamma radiation dose rate level in the mining area can select the mesh and the measurement point density according to the work requirement, and encrypt and measure the gravity point area, where the specific measurement work is performed according to the relevant regulations in the environmental surface gamma radiation dose rate determination specification (GB 14583 + 1993).
In step S1, the evaluation work of the survey of the level of the gamma radiation dose rate in the mining area environment can be referred to as given in the radiation protection regulations (GB 8703-88): and calculating the mine environment gamma radiation dose rate partition limit value by working for 8 hours every day and 240 days every day according to the annual effective dose limit value of the public members (the annual effective dose equivalent of the public members is not more than 1 mSv).
In step S1, the mining area environment gamma radiation dose rate risk area is divided into a low risk area, a high risk area, and a forbidden area according to the external radiation level.
TABLE 1 mining area environment gamma radiation dose rate partition table
S2: and measuring the radon concentration and the radon exhalation rate of the soil in the mining area, comprehensively evaluating the subareas according to the measurement data, and dividing the radon concentration of the soil in the mining area into an exemption area, a light pollution area, a medium pollution area and a heavy pollution area, thereby providing a basis for the formation of an area with higher gamma radiation dose rate and a danger area in the mining area.
In step S2, the measurement of radon concentration in the soil in the mining area is performed with reference to relevant specifications in the regulations for controlling indoor environmental pollution in civil engineering works (GB50325-2010) and the regulations for acceptable levels of radioactivity remaining in the soil at the planned open site (interim) (HJ 53-2000).
TABLE 2 mine soil radon concentration sub-table
| Partitioning | Radon concentration value (Bq/m)3) | Radon exhalation rate (Bq/m)2·s) |
| Exemption zone | ＜20000 | 0.05 |
| Area of mild pollution | 20000～30000 | 0.05～0.1 |
| Heavily polluted area | 30000～50000 | 0.1～0.3 |
| Heavily polluted area | ＞50000 | ＞0.3 |
S3: the method comprises the steps of collecting a raw coal sample, a coal gangue sample and a soil sample, detecting the radioactive nuclide, determining the limit value of the radioactive nuclide in the soil environment of a mining area according to the detection result, and evaluating the influence of the raw coal and the coal gangue on the radioactivity of the soil.
In step S3, the rock-soil sample includes coal (raw coal), coal ash, coal gangue, soil, bottom sediment of a nearby water body, and the like.
In step S3, there is currently no unified standard for radionuclide limits in the mining area soil environment in China. Aiming at the limit value of the radionuclide of the coal resources, only Sinkiang has been issued with limit values of natural radionuclide (DB 65/T3471-2013) in coal resource exploitation, but due to the difference of regions and the difference of the radioactivity background of the soil environment, the applicability in other regions is not strong. In the method, the radioactivity evaluation of the soil sample should refer to the local soil radionuclide background value, and the soil sample nuclide value in the open area far away from the human activity influence range can be used as the reference background level under the condition of lacking local soil nuclide background level data. Besides the comparison and evaluation with the background level, when sampling according to the profile, the change rule of the soil radionuclide from the starting point (coal mine port and gangue discharge site) to the end point of the profile can be evaluated, and the radioactive environmental geological influence of coal mining can be evaluated.
S4: the method mainly comprises the steps of collecting water samples such as a groundwater aquifer, surface water and coal mine drainage and detecting radioactivity, determining a water sample radioactivity index standard limit value according to a detection result, and evaluating the radioactivity influence of the coal mine drainage on the water environment.
In step S4, the radioactivity evaluation of the water sample is performed according to the "surface water environment quality standard" (GB 3838-.
The world health organization and the drinking water health standard of China both take a reference measurement level of 0.1mSv/a as a standard limit value for effectively measuring the radioactivity of the domestic drinking water. However, the sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-. Therefore, the evaluation work aiming at the radionuclide is referred to the relevant regulation and method of the drinking water quality criterion of the world health organization. For a specific evaluation limit, see table 3, a radioactive index or nuclide activity above the limit has reached a radioactive contamination level.
TABLE 3 limit of standard for radioactivity index of water sample
| Analysis index | Total alpha | Total beta | 222Rn | 238U | 232Th | 226Ra |
| Limit value (Bq/L) | 0.5 | 1 | 11.1 | 10 | 1 | 1 |
S5: comprehensively sorting the measurement data obtained from S1, S2, S3 and S4, drawing a series of graphs, delineating radioactive abnormal areas such as a gamma radiation dose rate high-value area, a soil radon concentration exhalation rate high-value area, a groundwater reflectivity overrun point and the like, analyzing the reasons of the radioactive abnormal areas by combining the geological conditions of the mining area environment, and carrying out systematic evaluation on the influence of coal mining on the geological environment.
Preferably, the scope of the radiological environmental geological survey includes a coal mine factory area, a mining roadway, a mine yard (tailings dump), a coal mine haul road, a coal mine drainage port, and a mining perimeter mining impact area or potential impact area.
Preferably, in step S1, the area of the environmental gamma radiation dose rate level survey is the whole mine area and the peripheral area, and the key areas include a coal mine factory area, a coal mine port, an exploitation roadway, a gangue yard, a coal mine transportation line, and the like.
Preferably, in step S2, the main areas for measuring the soil radon concentration and the soil radon exhalation rate include coal mine ports, gangue yards, coal mine transportation lines, adverse environment geological phenomenon development sections, high-rise areas in step S1, dangerous areas in step S1, and the like, and the key areas include gangue yards and the like.
Preferably, in step S3, the raw coal sample collection points are mainly disposed in the main mining coal seam in the mining area, and should be stored in a sealed manner during sampling, so as to avoid sample contamination or weathering; the coal gangue sample collection points are mainly arranged in existing and past gangue discharge fields of mines, surface soil is excavated to the depth of 0.4-0.5m, at least 5 collection points are sampled to form a sample in a certain range, and the samples are mixed and then are stored in a sealed way; the sampling points of the soil sample can be sampled according to grids or can be distributed on the periphery of coal mine mouths, coal mine transportation lines and gangue discharge yards in a profile form.
Preferably, in step S3, the radioactivity detection items of the geotechnical sample include 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K, 210Pb, 210Po, and the like.
Preferably, in step S4, the water sample collection points for the water environment radioactivity survey in the mining area include the periphery of the mining area, a transportation line of a coal mine, a drainage port of the coal mine and a downstream area thereof, and the main collection points are arranged at the drainage port of the coal mine and the downstream area thereof; the arrangement of underground water sampling points comprehensively considers the distribution of aquifers in a mining area, namely, the aquifers cover main water supply aquifers and other aquifers affected by coal mining, such as a water release and pressure reduction layer; and (3) uniformly distributing sampling points from a coal mine drainage outlet to a downstream, and distributing 1-2 sampling points at the upstream.
Preferably, in step S4, the water sample radioactivity detecting items include total α, total β, 238U, 226Ra, 230Th, radon concentration in water, and the like, all of which are field detections.
Preferably, in step S5, the series of maps include a mining area environment gamma radiation dose rate level evaluation zone map, a mining area soil radon concentration, radon exhalation rate comprehensive evaluation zone map, a mining area groundwater environment radioactivity zone map, and a mining area radioactivity environment geology comprehensive evaluation map.
Compared with the prior art, the method carries out comprehensive investigation and evaluation on the radioactive environment geology of the underground mining coal mine by investigating the gamma radiation dose rate level of the mining area environment, measuring the soil radon concentration and the soil radon exhalation rate, collecting and testing rock-soil samples, investigating the water environment radioactivity of the mining area and combining the geological conditions of the mining area environment, and provides corresponding countermeasure suggestions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following examples, and it should be understood that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of the examples.
Taking the Wang Jiata coal mine in east-victory area of Ordors as an example, the mine area is about 20km in south of east-victory area, and the mining weight range is about 47km2The mining area is located in the south of the mining right area, and the mining mode is underground mining. In order to find out the radioactive environment geological influence of Wangjiata coal mining, the radioactive environment geological comprehensive investigation and analysis work is carried out on the coal mine, and the radioactive environment geological comprehensive investigation and analysis work comprises the following steps:
1. survey of the environmental gamma radiation dose rate level in a mine
For the mining area and the periphery of the mining area by 60km2Environmental gamma radiation dose rate level investigation is carried out within the range, the mesh size is 200m multiplied by 200m, the mesh size of a coal mine refuse dump is increased to 100m multiplied by 100m, and line measurement of 200m point distance is carried out along a coal mine transportation line.
Through measurement work, the gamma radiation dose rate level of the surrounding environment of the Wangjiata coal mine area is 68-85 nGy/h, and the range is used as the area background level. In a coal mine factory area, a coal mine port and an exploitation roadway, the dose rate level is 72-113 nGy/h, and the dose rate level of a coal mine refuse discharge yard is 83-137 nGy/h. The whole body does not have a higher dosage rate area or a dangerous area, the radiation level of a coal mine factory area, a coal mine port and an exploitation roadway is higher than the background and may be related to building materials, and the dosage rate level of a waste rock discharge field may be related to uranium-containing elements in a waste rock layer.
2. Investigation of radon concentration and radon exhalation rate level of soil in mining area
And (4) arranging soil radon concentration and radon exhalation rate measurement work in a coal mine plant area, a well mouth and a waste rock discharge field area. The plant area and the well mouth are measured in a profile mode, the plant area or the well mouth is taken as a starting point, measuring points are arranged every 200m along a coal conveying line or a topography trend, and the profile is 2km long. In the refuse dump, grid measurement was performed at a mesh size of 100m × 100m, and a cross-section was measured downstream from a valley where the refuse dump was located.
The measurement result shows that the soil radon concentration level is 5840Bq/m in the range of coal mine factory and well head3～7780Bq/m3Meanwhile, the radon exhalation rate of the soil is less than 0.03Bq/m2S; in a coal mine waste rock discharge field and the periphery, the soil radon concentration level is 7600Bq/m3～9100Bq/m3Maximum 9803.15Bq/m3(ii) a But the average level of the radon exhalation rate of the soil is less than 0.03Bq/m2S. From the profile measurement result, the radon concentration of the soil is gradually reduced from the coal mine factory area, the well mouth and the waste rock discharge field to the peripheral area.
3. Rock and soil sample collection and radioactivity evaluation
Two groups of raw coal and coal ash analysis samples are collected from main mining coal beds in mining areas, and four coal gangue samples are collected from gangue discharge sites. The collection of soil samples is divided into two parts: collecting a background sample at the periphery of the mining area far away from the human activity influence area; and (3) laying profiles from the coal mine port, the waste rock discharge field to the peripheral area of the coal mine port and the waste rock discharge field to collect samples.
Through the analysis and detection of the radioactive nuclide of the geotechnical sample, the radioactive nuclide level of the peripheral soil sample is used as the regional background, the specific activity of uranium is 22.4-35.6 Bq/kg, the specific activity of Th is 24.3-35.9 Bq/kg, the specific activity of Ra is 11.3-22.5 Bq/kg, and the specific activity of potassium is 717-867 Bq/kg. Comparing the radioactive detection results of the raw coal sample, wherein all radioactive indexes of the raw coal sample are in the soil background range; and the uranium radioactivity specific activity of the coal gangue sample is 86.6Bq/kg, the Th radioactivity specific activity is 47.8Bq/kg, and the Ra radioactivity specific activity is 60.1Bq/kg, which are all higher than the background level of the soil. The uranium content of the coal gangue layer in the mining area is considered to be the main reason of the area with higher environmental gamma radiation dosage rate.
4. Water environment radioactivity survey in mining area
Radioactive water sample collection of the system is carried out on a water supply aquifer, a surface water body, coal mine drainage and a coal mine water and pressure reduction aquifer which are arranged at the periphery of a coal mine drainage outlet. The water-supply aquifer and surface water around the coal mine drainage outlet show that the salinity, the pH value and the chloride ion content are increased, and the radioactivity index is not abnormal. The total alpha of coal mine drainage is 0.58Bq/L, the total beta is 0.37Bq/L, and the uranium radioactivity ratio activity is 0.004Bq/L, which is slightly higher than a water supply aquifer and a surface water body, but does not exceed the environmental standard limit value. However, the water-discharging depressurization layer of the coal mine is a uranium mine reservoir, the total alpha of the collected water-discharging depressurization aquifer overproof samples is 5.64Bq/L, the total beta is 6.95Bq/L, and the uranium radioactivity ratio activity is 3.11Bq/L and exceeds the standard limit value. Therefore, the radioactivity monitoring of the drainage of the coal mine is enhanced, and the exchange of high-radioactivity mine water entering a surface water body and a water supply aquifer is avoided.
5. Comprehensive study and radioactivity evaluation
According to the radioactive environment geological survey result, relevant maps such as a mining area environment gamma radiation dose rate level evaluation subarea graph, a mining area soil radon concentration and radon exhalation rate comprehensive evaluation subarea graph, a mining area underground water environment radioactive subarea graph, a mining area radioactive environment geological comprehensive evaluation graph and the like are compiled. The current situation of the radioactive environment of the mining area is comprehensively evaluated by combining the environmental geological conditions:
(1) the gamma radiation dose level, the soil radon concentration level and the soil radon exhalation rate of the Wangjiata coal mine area are within the safe area on average, but the radiation level is higher.
(2) The radioactive intensity of the raw coal sample is the same as the background value of the soil, but the radioactive intensity of the coal gangue is higher than the background value of the soil. Radioactive anomalies in areas such as factories, wellheads and the like are considered to be caused by human activities and building materials, and radioactive anomalies in refuse dumps are related to coal mining activities.
(3) The drainage of coal mines does not generate radioactive pollution to the water environment of a mining area for a while, the radioactive monitoring of the drainage of coal mines is enhanced due to the existence of high-radioactivity underground water in a drainage depressurization layer.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A geological comprehensive investigation and evaluation method for a radioactive environment of an underground coal mining mine comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out the investigation of the gamma radiation dose rate level of the mining area environment, evaluating subareas according to the investigation result, defining a safety area, a high area and a dangerous area, analyzing the reason for the formation of the high area and the dangerous area by combining the environmental geological conditions and carrying out risk evaluation;
s2: measuring the radon concentration and the radon exhalation rate of soil in a mining area, comprehensively evaluating subareas according to measurement data, defining an exemption area, a light pollution area, a medium pollution area and a heavy pollution area, and providing a basis for the reason that a gamma radiation dose rate in the mining area is higher and a danger area is formed;
s3: carrying out collection and radionuclide detection on rock and soil samples, mainly comprising collection and radionuclide detection on a raw coal sample, a coal gangue sample and a soil sample, determining a radioactive nuclide limit value in a mining area soil environment according to a detection result, and evaluating coal mining, wherein the influence of the raw coal and the coal gangue on the radioactivity of the soil is mainly carried out;
s4: carrying out water environment radioactivity investigation in a mining area, mainly comprising the collection and radioactivity detection of water samples such as a groundwater aquifer, surface water, coal mine drainage and the like, determining a water sample radioactivity index standard limit value according to a detection result, and evaluating the radioactivity influence of the coal mine drainage on the water environment;
s5: comprehensively arranging the measurement data obtained from S1, S2, S3 and S4, drawing a series of graphs, delineating radioactive abnormal areas such as an environment gamma radiation dose rate high-value area, a soil radon concentration exhalation rate high-value area, an underground water reflective over-limit point and the like, analyzing the reasons of the radioactive abnormal areas by combining the geological conditions of the mining area environment, and systematically evaluating the influence of coal mining on the geological environment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the geological survey of the radioactive environment includes a coal mine plant area, a mining roadway, a mine yard, a coal mine haul road, a coal mine drainage port, and a mining perimeter or potential area of influence.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the area investigated by the environmental gamma radiation dose rate level in step S1 is the whole mining area and the peripheral area, and the key areas include a coal mine factory area, a coal mine port, a mining roadway, a refuse yard and a coal mine transportation line.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the main areas for measuring the soil radon concentration and the soil radon exhalation rate in the step S2 comprise coal mine ports, gangue yard, coal mine transportation line, adverse environment geological phenomenon development section, higher area in the step S1 and dangerous area in the step S1, and the important areas comprise gangue yard.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw coal sample collection points in step S3 are mainly distributed in the main mining coal seam of the mining area, and are sealed and stored during sampling; the coal gangue sample collection points are mainly arranged in existing and past gangue discharge fields of mines, surface soil is excavated to the depth of 0.4-0.5m, samples are collected at not less than 5 collection points within a certain range to form a sample, and the samples are mixed and then are stored in a sealed way; the soil sample collection points can be sampled according to grids and can also be distributed on the peripheries of coal mine mouths, coal mine transportation lines and gangue discharge yards in a profile mode.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the radioactivity detection items of the geotechnical samples in the step S3 comprise 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K, 210Pb and 210 Po.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sampling points of the sampled water in step S4 include the periphery of the mine area, the transportation line of the coal mine, the drainage port of the coal mine and the area downstream thereof, and the main sampling points are arranged at the drainage port of the coal mine and the area downstream thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the groundwater sampling points are arranged in step S4 to take into account the distribution of aquifers in the mining area, both to cover the main aquifer for water supply and to take into account other aquifers affected by coal mining; and (3) uniformly distributing sampling points from a coal mine drainage outlet to a downstream, and distributing 1-2 sampling points at the upstream.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the water sample radioactivity detection items in step S4 include total α, total β, 238U, 226Ra, 230Th and radon concentration in water.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the series of maps in step S5 includes a mining area environment gamma radiation dose rate level evaluation zone map, a mining area soil radon concentration, a radon exhalation rate comprehensive evaluation zone map, a mining area groundwater environment radioactivity zone map, and a mining area radioactivity environment geological comprehensive evaluation map.
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| CN115469059B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-10-25 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Radioactive pollution site treatment effect evaluation method based on data detection |
| CN115561429A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-01-03 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A survey procedure for radionuclide-contaminated soil in uranium mining areas |
| CN116223534A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-06-06 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Discrimination method for determining uranium ore contaminated soil investigation range |
| CN116223534B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-01-23 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Discrimination method for determining uranium ore contaminated soil investigation range |
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