CN112229865A - A kind of passion fruit storage simulation experiment device and its experiment method - Google Patents
A kind of passion fruit storage simulation experiment device and its experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passion fruit storage simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof, and the passion fruit storage simulation experiment device comprises a fresh-keeping box, a temperature sensor, an environment heating device and a heating and refrigerating device, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged in the fresh-keeping box, the environment heating device is arranged outside the fresh-keeping box, layered clapboards for placing passion fruits are arranged in the fresh-keeping box, infrared geminate transistors for detecting the placement of the passion fruits are arranged on the side wall of the fresh-keeping box between the adjacent layered clapboards, and the heating and refrigerating device is arranged at the top of the fresh. The passion fruit storage box can realize gradient temperature rise and fall to store passion fruits, avoids sudden temperature drop or sudden temperature rise of the storage room through gradient temperature rise and fall, reduces water vapor in the storage room from being condensed into water drops on the surfaces of the fruits, effectively prevents microorganisms from growing and multiplying, and avoids the fruits from being integrally rotten and deteriorated due to dip-dyeing, so that a good storage effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passion fruit storage, and relates to a passion fruit storage simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof.
Background
At present, the storage modes of the passion fruit at home and abroad are roughly divided into two types of natural cooling storage and artificial cooling storage.
The natural cooling storage is a simple, traditional, economical and practical storage mode. The ventilation cellaring is a natural cooling storage mode commonly used by people, which is a storage mode for adjusting the temperature and the humidity of a storage environment by using the low temperature of the external natural environment. Although it is subject to regional and seasonal limitations in use and cannot control the storage temperature to a desired temperature. However, the storage mode is widely applied in China.
The manual cooling storage is a storage mode for adjusting the storage environment temperature of the passion fruit by utilizing mechanical refrigeration. The storage mode is not limited by regions and seasons when in use, and the storage temperature can be controlled more accurately, so that the storage time of the passion fruit is prolonged better. Until now, the countries in the world with good economic and technological development have regarded artificial cooling storage as a necessary means for storing fresh fruits and vegetables.
On the basis of mechanical refrigeration storage, refrigerated modified atmosphere storage is also researched. The storage mode is to artificially control the gas composition in the storage chamber according to the storage characteristics of the fruits, such as reducing the oxygen content and increasing the carbon dioxide content, so as to provide a suitable storage environment for the passion fruits. The modified atmosphere storage mode has very good storage effect on the passion fruit which is a respiration active fruit. However, in terms of the current technical development, the economic cost of the modified atmosphere storage is high, and the complexity of the operation experience and the management experience is high. At present, the application of modified atmosphere storage in China is widely, namely, the self breathing action of passion fruit is utilized to absorb and consume oxygen in a storage room so as to release carbon dioxide and achieve the modified atmosphere effect.
The above methods can not meet the requirement of the fresh-keeping of the passion fruit.
In addition, the temperature measurement of the passion fruit refrigerating chamber is generally single-point temperature measurement, the main temperature distribution condition of the whole space of the refrigerating chamber cannot be fully reflected, and the single temperature measurement point cannot be arranged at the central position of the space, so that the temperature of the central point of the space cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a passion fruit storage simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a passion fruit storage simulation experiment device, includes fresh-keeping case, temperature sensor, environment heating device and heating refrigerating plant, and temperature sensor installs in fresh-keeping incasement, and environment heating device installs outside fresh-keeping case, and fresh-keeping incasement is equipped with the layering baffle of placing the passion fruit, and the fresh-keeping case lateral wall between the adjacent layering baffle is installed and is surveyed the infrared geminate transistors of placing the passion fruit, and heating refrigerating plant is installed at fresh-keeping case top.
Preferably, the infrared pair tube module, the temperature sensor, the environment heating device and the heating and refrigerating device are connected to a main controller, and the main controller is connected with a display module.
Preferably, above-mentioned environment heating device includes square cavity, aspiration fan and heating chamber, and four sides and the top inboard of square cavity are equal apart from fresh-keeping case distance, and the square cavity lateral wall is hollow structure, is provided with the bleeder vent on the lateral wall inner panel, and the aspiration fan is connected to the heating chamber through admission line, and the aspiration fan is connected to square cavity top side and four side centers respectively and communicates through square cavity inner chamber through many the pipelines of giving vent to anger of branch, and the setting of heating refrigeration chamber is outside heating device.
Preferably, above-mentioned heating and refrigerating device is including the heating refrigeration chamber and the air discharge fan of installing semiconductor refrigeration module, and fresh-keeping case, fresh-keeping case are hollow structure, and the heating refrigeration chamber is connected to in the top and the four side wall board cavities of fresh-keeping case through branched admission line, installs the air discharge fan on the admission line, and the four side inner walls of fresh-keeping case are provided with cold gas pocket, and the heating refrigeration chamber sets up outside heating device.
Preferably, the number of the temperature sensors is 6, and the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the lower right corner of the left inner wall surface of the fresh-keeping box, the upper left corner of the left inner wall surface, the lower right corner of the right inner wall surface, the upper left corner of the right inner wall surface, the center of the bottom at the inner side of the first storage shelf formed by the partition plate and the center of the bottom at the inner side of the second storage shelf formed by the.
An experimental method of a passion fruit storage simulation experimental device comprises the following steps: setting a fresh-keeping temperature value or a passion fruit ex-warehouse temperature value, measuring temperature values of 6 temperature sensors, detecting whether passion fruit goods exist on a partition plate through an infrared geminate-transistor module, calculating a space distribution temperature average value P according to a weight formula, wherein the unit of P is, and performing temperature control in a gradient temperature rise and drop mode according to the space distribution temperature average value P after calculation.
Preferably, the method for calculating the spatially distributed temperature average value P includes: the temperature values of the temperature measurement values of the 6 temperature sensors are respectively X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6Y is a temperature value obtained by weighting a temperature sensor arranged on a passion fruit shelf after measurement, and P is in DEG C0The temperature value is obtained by multiplying a sensor by a weight after the temperature sensor on a non-passion fruit shelf in the space measures, wherein the unit of P is DEG C, T is a temperature compensation operator, and the unit of P is DEG C, then:
the spatial distribution temperature average value P is calculated by the following formula:
P＝Y0+Y+T (4)
in the formula, P is a space distribution temperature average value calculated according to a designed weight formula;
Aiis a weight coefficient;
Ajis a weight coefficient;
Bjis a weight coefficient;
n is the number of temperature sensors arranged on the non-shelf layering partition plate in the preservation box;
m is the number of all temperature sensors;
j＝n+1；
Ximeasuring the temperature for the corresponding ith temperature sensor, wherein the unit of P is;
Xjmeasuring the temperature for the corresponding jth temperature sensor, wherein the unit of P is;
xjthe weight coefficient is a weight coefficient allowed value, and the value is 0 or 1; when the level of an output pin of a certain infrared geminate transistor is detected to be 0, namely passion fruit goods exist, x isjWill be set to 1, corresponding to a weight factor AjIs effected, weight BjNot effective; when the level of an output pin of a certain infrared geminate transistor is detected to be 1, namely passion fruit goods do not exist, namely the passion fruit goods do not exist, x isjWill be set to 0, corresponding to the weight coefficient BjThe function is played;
and if the P is larger than the upper limit value or smaller than the lower limit value, performing alarm reminding.
The gradient temperature rising and falling mode is as follows: starting a heating delivery mode: when the temperature is lower than a set value, heating, wherein the temperature rise gradient is 5-7 ℃ each time, during heating, judging whether the weighted average of 6 temperature values reaches the temperature rise gradient value plus an initial value at intervals, and if so, after keeping a constant temperature value for a certain time, heating again; if not, continuing to heat, increasing the temperature in a gradient manner, and stopping heating until the rising temperature reaches a set value; the cooling storage mode is the same as the heating delivery mode, but the directions are opposite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the passion fruit storage simulation experiment device can realize accurate temperature rise and drop simulation of the passion fruit, adjust internal temperature change along with environment temperature simulation, realize optimal temperature storage of the passion fruit, and has the advantages of better storage effect and accurate simulation experiment data;
(2) the invention can realize gradient temperature rise and drop to store the passion fruit and gradient temperature rise and delivery, effectively prevent condensed water drops on the surface of the fruit in the transportation process in summer and shorten the storage time of the fruit. The temperature in the storage room can be better reflected through multi-point temperature distribution measurement and weight calculation, the control is facilitated, the temperature in the storage room is prevented from suddenly dropping or rising through gradient temperature rise and drop, the phenomenon that water vapor in the storage room is condensed into water drops on the surface of the fruit is reduced, the growth and proliferation of microorganisms are effectively prevented, the fruit skin is prevented from being integrally rotten and deteriorated due to dip dyeing, the good storage effect is achieved, and the storage period is longer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a temperature sensor arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of PID control;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the main controller;
FIG. 6 is a clock circuit diagram;
FIG. 7 is a reset circuit diagram;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a power module and a USB automatic download module;
FIG. 9 is a temperature sensor circuit diagram;
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an LCD display module;
FIG. 11 is a CHQB circuit connection diagram;
fig. 12 is a circuit connection diagram of the heating and cooling driving module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-12, a passion fruit storage simulation experiment device comprises a preservation box 1, a temperature sensor 2, an environment heating device 3 and a heating and refrigerating device 6, wherein the temperature sensor 2 is installed in the preservation box 1, the environment heating device 3 is installed outside the preservation box 1, layered partition plates 4 for placing passion fruits are arranged in the preservation box 1, infrared geminate transistors 5 for detecting and placing the passion fruits are installed on the side walls of the preservation box 1 between the adjacent layered partition plates 4, and the heating and refrigerating device 6 is installed at the top of the preservation box 1, as shown in fig. 1, the preservation box 1 is divided into four grids which are respectively a grid (i), a grid (ii), a grid (iii) and a grid (iv), and the grid (iv), the grid (iii) and the grid (iv) are respectively located at an upper left position, an upper right position, a lower left position and a lower right.
Preferably, the infrared pair tube module 5, the temperature sensor 2, the environment heating device 3 and the heating and cooling device 6 are connected to a main controller, and the main controller is connected with a display module.
The main controller is AT89C52, which is one of the first microprocessors in mass production and application, and includes 4 kbyte FLASH memory (FLASH), special function registers SFR (21), on-chip RAM (128 bytes on-chip data memory), 32I/O port lines, two 16-bit timing/counters (all having four operating modes), and 5 interrupt structures, and in addition, it is an 8-bit microprocessor with a CMOS interface having a low operating voltage and high operation performance, generally called as a 51-chip microcomputer, as shown in fig. 5.
Clock/reset circuit that the controller is connected: the external clock utilizes two external 22pF capacitors to cooperate with an external 12M crystal oscillator to generate a standard clock pulse signal, and then the circuit is connected to XTAL1 and XTAL2 ends to form an external clock source. Two of the capacitors are primarily used to fine tune the frequency. The reset circuit adopts a key reset circuit and consists of a reset key, a 10uF interelectrode capacitor and a 10k omega resistor. Specific circuit diagrams are shown in fig. 6-7.
The power module and the USB automatic download module connected with the main controller: the power module of the control circuit is designed into two power supply modes. Firstly, the power is supplied by an external power supply (+5V direct current), and secondly, the power is supplied by +5V voltage carried by the USB interface. In the experimental process, an external +5V power supply is not additionally arranged in consideration of convenience and economy, the +5V voltage is directly extracted from the USB interface, and the power is directly supplied to a system control circuit after simple voltage stabilization filtering. And the heating and refrigerating circuit of the system has larger power, so that the power supply directly uses a 12V/6A power adapter for supplying power. The USB automatic download module adopts a CH340 chip. The data is transmitted to the CH340 chip through USB after downloading software, the CH340 erases a program in the AT89C52 through an automatic reset circuit, and then the transmitted data is written into the singlechip to complete the automatic downloading function. The power module and the USB automatic download module circuit are shown in fig. 8:
temperature sensor selection: the temperature sensor selects DS18B20 to detect the temperature of the storage room. The DS18B20 is an improved digital intelligent temperature sensor, the detected temperature data is discretization data (namely digital signals) which can be directly transmitted to the main controller, data communication can be carried out without other processing, and the data transmission only occupies one I/O port, compared with an AD conversion temperature measuring circuit, the I/O occupation is less, the operation load of a single chip microcomputer is reduced, and the single chip microcomputer can work more stably; in addition, the precision is high enough to meet the precision requirement of the temperature raising and reducing system, and the economic cost is very low. DS18B20 circuit wiring diagram, as shown in FIG. 9.
The display module selects the LCD1602 as the display. LCD1602 can show two lines of characters, totally 32 characters, in this temperature raising and lowering system, the display data has temperature raising and lowering gradient and real-time temperature value, is unpressurized to LCD 1602. And LCD1602 programming control is simple, the display interface is friendly, the low power consumption, small, the technology is applied mature, therefore choose it as the display module of this system, the connection mode uses the direct control mode (namely data pin and control pin are connected with I/O port of the one-chip computer directly). The circuit connection of the LCD1602 is shown in FIG. 10.
The infrared pair tube module is composed of a nose bridge type CHQB infrared receiving head and a matched remote controller. CHQB belongs to the conventional nose bridge type appearance, has smooth and attractive appearance, and has the characteristics of good infrared penetrability and high receiving sensitivity. And the infrared receiving head adopts the film pressing process packaging of the German ATA series chip, so that the compatibility of the chip is stronger, the reflecting speed is higher and more stable, and in addition, the film pressing process packaging can more effectively control the external light and electrical influence. The CHQB circuit connection diagram is shown in FIG. 11.
The semiconductor refrigeration piece can be reversely connected through a phase line, the hot surface is changed into the cold surface, the cold surface is changed into the hot surface, and therefore the effect of the heating piece is achieved, but the requirement on heat dissipation is extremely strict, and the risk of burning is slightly caused carelessly. The heating plate and the refrigerating plate are controlled to be powered by a high-power H-bridge/double-circuit driving module, and the cooling fan and the air supply fan are controlled to be powered by an L298N driving module. The specific driving circuit is shown in fig. 12.
Preferably, above-mentioned environment heating device 3 includes square cavity 7, aspiration fan 8 and heating chamber 9, 7 inside four sides in square cavity equal with the top inboard 1 distance apart at a distance from fresh-keeping case, 7 lateral walls in square cavity are hollow structure, be provided with bleeder vent 10 on the lateral wall inner panel, aspiration fan 8 is connected to heating chamber 9 through admission line, aspiration fan 8 is connected to 7 top sides of square cavity and four side centers respectively and communicates with square cavity inner chamber through many branched air outlet pipe, heating refrigeration chamber 11 sets up outside heating device 3, heating chamber 9 is provided with the air inlet, install heater strip or semiconductor heating plate in the heating chamber 9, square cavity through hollow structure, evenly send into the heat inside heating simulation to fresh-keeping case of square cavity, the temperature heating is even, the simulation is more accurate.
Preferably, above-mentioned heating and refrigerating device 6 is including the heating refrigeration chamber 11 and the air discharge fan 12 of installing semiconductor refrigeration module, fresh-keeping case 1 is hollow structure, heating refrigeration chamber 11 is connected to fresh-keeping case 1's top and four side wall plate cavities in through branched admission line, install air discharge fan 12 on the admission line, 1 four side inner walls of fresh-keeping case are provided with cold gas pocket 13, heating refrigeration chamber 11 sets up outside heating device 3, heating refrigeration chamber 11 is provided with the air inlet, install semiconductor ceramic heating plate and semiconductor refrigeration piece in the heating refrigeration chamber 11, can realize heating or refrigeration, the fresh-keeping case that adopts hollow structure carries out balanced admitting air, heating refrigeration is more even, avoid local temperature too high or cross the temperature control who leads to the fact inequality excessively.
Preferably, the number of the temperature sensors 2 is 6, and the temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the lower right corner of the left inner wall surface of the fresh-keeping box 1, the upper left corner of the left inner wall surface, the lower right corner of the right inner wall surface, the upper left corner of the right inner wall surface, the center of the inner bottom of a first storage shelf (grid (first)) formed by a partition plate and the center of the inner bottom of a second storage shelf (grid (second)) formed by a partition plate, as shown in fig. 3, the arrangement of the position can better reflect the balanced measurement of the temperature, and the temperature is prevented from being difficultly controlled due.
Example 2: an experimental method of a passion fruit storage simulation experimental device comprises the following steps: setting a fresh-keeping temperature value or a passion fruit ex-warehouse temperature value, measuring temperature values of 6 temperature sensors, detecting whether passion fruit goods exist on a partition plate through an infrared geminate-transistor module, calculating a space distribution temperature average value P according to a weight formula, wherein the unit of P is, and performing temperature control in a gradient temperature rise and drop mode according to the space distribution temperature average value P after calculation.
Preferably, the method for calculating the spatially distributed temperature average value P includes: the temperature values of the temperature measurement values of the 6 temperature sensors are respectively X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6Y is a temperature value obtained by weighting a temperature sensor arranged on a passion fruit shelf after measurement, and P is in DEG C0The temperature value is obtained by multiplying a sensor by a weight after the temperature sensor on a non-passion fruit shelf in the space measures, wherein the unit of P is DEG C, T is a temperature compensation operator, and the unit of P is DEG C, then:
the temperature weight calculation formula is as follows:
P＝Y0+Y+T (4)
in the formula, AiIs a weight coefficient; after testing the simulation experiment apparatus shown in fig. 1, the weight coefficient a 1-a 4 is 1/10; a5 is 2/10; a6 is preferably 4/10;
p is a space distribution temperature average value calculated according to a designed weight formula;
Aithe first weight coefficient is preferably 1/10 as the weight coefficient A1-A4 after testing the simulation test apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
Ajthe second weight coefficient is the weight coefficient A5 of 2/10 after the simulation test apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is tested; a6 is preferably 4/10;
Bjas a third weight coefficient, after testing the simulation experiment device shown in FIG. 1, B j1/10 is preferred;
n is the number of temperature sensors arranged on the non-shelf layering partition plate in the preservation box, and is 4;
m is the total number of temperature sensors, here 6;
j＝n+1；
Ximeasuring the temperature for a corresponding temperature sensor, wherein the unit of P is;
Xjmeasuring the temperature for a corresponding temperature sensor, wherein the unit of P is;
xjthe weight coefficient is a weight coefficient allowed value, and the value is 0 or 1; when the level of an output pin of a certain infrared geminate transistor is detected to be 0, namely passion fruit goods exist, x isjWill be set to 1, corresponding to a weight factor AjIs effected, weight BjNot effective; when the level of an output pin of a certain infrared geminate transistor is detected to be 1, namely passion fruit goods do not exist, x isjWill be set to 0, corresponding to the weight coefficient BjThe function is played;
and if the P is larger than the upper limit value or smaller than the lower limit value, performing alarm reminding.
The gradient temperature rising and falling mode is as follows: starting a heating delivery mode: when the temperature is lower than a set value, heating, wherein the temperature rise gradient is 5-7 ℃ each time, during heating, judging whether the weighted average of 6 temperature values reaches the temperature rise gradient value plus an initial value at intervals, and if so, after keeping a constant temperature value for a certain time, heating again; if not, the temperature is continuously increased. Gradually increasing the gradient temperature rise until the rising temperature reaches a set value, stopping the temperature rise, and after controlling the temperature rise, taking out the passion fruit from a warehouse and transferring the passion fruit to a truck to avoid the phenomenon that condensation occurs when the passion fruit is taken out and is exposed to overhigh external temperature (overlarge temperature difference), thereby influencing the fresh-keeping life of the passion fruit; the cooling storage mode is the same as the heating delivery mode, but the directions are opposite. The gradient temperature rising and falling mode can accurately control the fresh-keeping and delivery of the passion fruit, avoid the frosting of the peel, and is convenient for accurately realizing the staged gradient control temperature change by adopting the improved PID control; as the actuator (heating and refrigerating equipment) of the simulation experiment device is an object PID without an integral component, a position type PID is selected, namely PID control is carried out by using the deviation between the actual position and the expected position of the current system, as shown in FIG. 4, the first step of the software processing flow is system initialization, wherein the system initialization comprises infrared initialization, timer initialization, LCD initialization, 18B20 initialization and PID initialization, and LCD fixed data display; setting PID parameters, displaying real-time temperature of a timer and converting the temperature by 100; and thirdly, waiting for receiving the infrared signal, receiving the infrared signal sent by remote control, giving a temperature rise and reduction gradient according to the received decoding key value, carrying out gradient temperature rise or temperature reduction until the set temperature is reached, if the temperature is reduced, after the set temperature is reached, continuously carrying out constant-temperature 6-DEG C PID control on the system, and providing storage conditions for the passion fruit.
The PID control sequential expression is as follows:
wherein: kp is a proportionality coefficient; e (t) is an error; t isiIs the integration period; t isdIs the differential period.
Since the computer processes the digital signal, the continuous signal needs to be discretized, and the discretization expression is as follows:
generally written in the form:
wherein:
is an integral coefficient;
is a differential coefficient.
The code is as follows:
gradient cooling, constant temperature 6 ℃ PID control and temperature stability judging function
The invention can realize gradient temperature rise and drop to store the passion fruit and gradient temperature rise and delivery, effectively prevent condensed water drops on the surface of the fruit in the transportation process in summer and shorten the storage time of the fruit. The temperature in the storage room can be better reflected through multi-point temperature distribution measurement and weight calculation, the control is facilitated, the temperature in the storage room is prevented from suddenly dropping or rising through gradient temperature rise and drop, the phenomenon that water vapor in the storage room is condensed into water drops on the surface of the fruit is reduced, the growth and proliferation of microorganisms are effectively prevented, the fruit skin is prevented from being integrally rotten and deteriorated due to dip dyeing, the good storage effect is achieved, and the storage period is longer.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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