Background
In recent years, ceramic-based Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) radomes are more and more widely applied in stealth, and FSS structures need to withstand high-temperature airflow scouring in the flight process and can work for a long time in a severe pneumatic environment. To ensure the reliability of the FSS structure, it is a feasible solution to place the FSS structure inside the ceramic substrate. In this case, the combined connection of the outer wave-transmitting protective layer and the FSS-containing structural layer is an important point of research.
The ceramic radome is made of a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material which has poor processability and a loose structure and is difficult to manufacture large or complex-shaped components, and the current common connecting method comprises the following steps: welding, mechanical connection and bonding. The brazing connection is a widely used connection mode between ceramic matrix composite materials, but the process temperature is high, the equipment cost is high, the damage to a base material is heavy, and the surface inertness of the ceramic matrix materials also enables brazing filler metal not to be easily wetted on the surface of the brazing filler metal. Mechanical connection refers to the joining of materials by mechanical fasteners such as pins, screws, rivets and bolts. At present, metal fasteners are numerous, but the matching performance of the metal fasteners and ceramics is poor, the engineering application of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength ceramics and composite material joints thereof is immature, and in addition, the composite materials are damaged to different degrees in the hole making process, so that the mechanical property of the connecting piece and the reliability of products are seriously influenced. The adhesives used for bonding connection are mainly divided into organic adhesives, inorganic adhesives and organic-inorganic mixed adhesives, the heat resistance of the organic adhesives is generally not more than 350 ℃, and the high-temperature environment requirements are difficult to meet. Therefore, an inorganic adhesive with high temperature resistance, good wave permeability and good matching with the base material needs to be developed. CN 110511682A invents a high-universality high-temperature-resistant aluminum phosphate salt adhesive and a preparation method thereof, but the aluminum phosphate salt adhesive has large dielectric loss at high temperature and is difficult to meet the wave-transmitting performance requirement of a ceramic-based FSS radome.
Because glass has bonding characteristics and the properties of the glass can be changed by adjusting the chemical composition, the inorganic bonding agent can be made into glass by adding organic solvent, thickening agent and dispersing agent into glass powder as a functional phaseAnd (5) bonding the slurry. However, the thermal expansion coefficient of the commonly used glass powder is higher and far higher than that of the quartz ceramic (0.47-0.58 multiplied by 10)-6/° c). The mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients causes great thermal stress between the FSS layer and the wave-transparent protection layer, so that the FSS layer and the wave-transparent protection layer also need good matching on the basis of ensuring the matching between the FSS layer and the base material, and the reliability of the integral component can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides high-temperature-resistant low-expansion-coefficient bonding slurry for a ceramic matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, which are used for making basic research work for the combined connection of the ceramic matrix wave-transparent composite material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides high-temperature-resistant low-expansion-coefficient bonding slurry for a ceramic matrix composite, which comprises 55-85 wt% of microcrystalline glass powder and 15-45 wt% of an organic bonding phase; the microcrystalline glass powder is SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-MgO-BaO-ZnO-ZrO2Is mixed powder of microcrystalline glass powder and beta-eucryptite microcrystalline glass powder; the organic binding phase includes an organic solvent, a dispersant, and a thickener.
Further, the microcrystalline glass powder is SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-MgO-BaO-ZnO-ZrO2Is a mixed powder of microcrystalline glass powder and beta-eucryptite microcrystalline glass powder, which comprises SiO 55-72 wt% (based on the total weight of the microcrystalline glass powder)26 to 20% of Al2O32-13% of B2O31-8% of MgO, 0-3% of BaO, 0-3% of ZnO, 0-2% of CaO and 0-2% of ZrO20-3% of rare earth oxide and 3-15% of beta-eucryptite microcrystalline glass powder;
the organic bonding phase comprises 70-85 wt% of organic solvent, 2-15 wt% of dispersant and 2-15 wt% of thickener.
Further, the microcrystalline glass powder has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 0.5 × 10-6/℃~1.6×10-6/℃。
Further, the organic solvent is at least one of terpineol, butyl carbitol acetate and diethylene glycol ethyl ether.
Further, the dispersant is at least one of triamines citrate, polymethacrylic acid amine and 1, 4-dihydroxysulfonic acid amine.
Further, the thickener is a polymer thickener, and the polymer thickener is at least one of ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and tributyl citrate.
Further, the rare earth oxide is La2O3、Gd2O3、Y2O3、Er2O3、CeO2、Nd2O3One or more of them.
Furthermore, the viscosity range of the high-temperature resistant bonding slurry for the ceramic matrix composite material is 50 Pa.S-120 Pa.S, and the fineness is less than 12 mu m.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a preparation method of the high temperature resistant low expansion coefficient bonding slurry for ceramic matrix composite, including the following steps:
step 1, preparing base glass powder: preparing ingredients according to the weight percentage in the formula, mixing the ingredients in a mixer for 2-24h, uniformly mixing the ingredients, putting the mixture into a corundum crucible, keeping the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ in a resistance furnace for 1-4 h to obtain clear glass liquid, then quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out the glass liquid, putting the glass liquid into a blast drying box, drying the glass liquid for 2-6h at 80-120 ℃ to obtain glass slag, then putting the glass slag into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 4-8h, sieving the glass slag with a 400-sand-screening 500-mesh sieve to obtain basic glass powder, and controlling the average particle size of the powder to be lower than 3 mu m;
step 2, preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding beta-eucryptite into the glass powder obtained in the step 1, ball-milling for 2-5h, drying, sieving by using a 300-plus 400-mesh sieve, then melting, water quenching and drying to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder, and controlling the average particle size of the powder to be 1.0-2.5 um;
step 3, preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving the organic solvent, the thickening agent and the dispersing agent for 1-3 hours at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
step 4, preparing bonding slurry: stirring and dispersing the microcrystalline glass powder and the organic bonding phase in a container, then repeatedly grinding the mixture in a three-roll grinder, and controlling the fineness to be below 12um and the viscosity range to be 50 Pa.S-120 Pa.S to obtain the bonding slurry.
Further, the average particle size of the powder in the step 1 is controlled to be 1.0-2.5 μm; the melting temperature in the step 2 is 1250-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the invention provides a high-temperature resistant adhesive for ceramic matrix composite materials and a preparation method thereof, which are used as adhesives among wave-transparent ceramic materials, and the adjustment of the thermal expansion coefficient, the dielectric constant, the dielectric loss, the glass transition temperature, the softening temperature, the crystallization temperature and the like of microcrystalline glass powder is realized by adjusting the types and the contents of oxides in the microcrystalline glass powder, so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the adhesive slurry is equivalent to that of a ceramic substrate, the dielectric constant of 9GHz is 4.5-6.0, and the dielectric loss tangent is 3 multiplied by 10-3-5×10-3The wave-transparent use requirement of a specific frequency band can be met;
(2) SiO in glass powder composition2And Al2O3The content of (A) is higher, the melting temperature and the high-temperature viscosity are both very high, and after rare earth element oxide is added into the rare earth element oxide, because the radius of rare earth ions is large and the coordination number is higher, when the introduced amount is less, the network structure can be damaged, the network connectivity is reduced, the viscosity is reduced, and the adhesive force of the slurry after sintering is improved.
(3) The ceramic material sample connected by the bonding slurry has the tensile shear strength at room temperature of not less than 7.0MPa, the compressive shear strength of not less than 10.0MPa, good bonding performance and no defects of spalling, warping, cracks and the like caused by mismatching of interface layers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, the present invention shall be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The high-temperature-resistant low-expansion-coefficient bonding slurry for the ceramic matrix composite and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps of:
1. preparing base glass powder: weighing 65% by mass of SiO214% of Al2O37% of B2O36% of MgO, 2% of BaO, 2% of CaO, 2% of ZnO, 2% of ZrO2Uniformly mixing in a mixer for 12 hours; then keeping the temperature of 1600 ℃ in a high-temperature resistance furnace for 1.5h to obtain clear molten glass; then, water quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out, putting into a forced air drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain glass slag; ball-milling the glass slag in a planetary ball mill for 8 hours, and sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain base glass powder with the particle size of 1.0-2.5 mu m;
2. preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding 5% of beta-eucryptite into the basic glass powder, performing ball milling for 2h, drying, screening by using a 400-mesh sieve, preserving the heat of the screened raw material in a resistance furnace at 1300 ℃ for 1h, and performing water quenching, ball milling and drying after clarification to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder;
specifically, the test shows that the softening point of the microcrystalline glass powder is 720 ℃, and the thermal expansion coefficient is 1.2 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
3. Preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a high-molecular thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the high-molecular thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
specifically, the organic solvent comprises 55% by weight of terpineol and 35% by weight of butyl carbitol; the macromolecular thickener comprises 8 percent of ethyl cellulose by weight percentage; the dispersant comprises 2 weight percent of polymethacrylic acid amine;
4. preparing bonding slurry: 67% by weight of microcrystalline glass powder and 33% by weight of organic bonding phase were stirred and dispersed in a container, and then repeatedly ground in a three-roll grinder to obtain a bonding slurry.
The silica-based composite material reinforced with quartz fiber was bonded with the above bonding slurry in a size prescribed by the standard, and the bonded sample was dried at 120 ℃ for 0.5 hour and then heat-treated at 950 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, the tensile shear strength and the bending shear strength are tested, and the test results are as follows: the tensile shear strength was 7.5MPa and the compressive shear strength was 11.2 MPa.
Example 2
1. Preparing base glass powder: weighing 70% by mass of SiO213% of Al2O35% of B2O33% of MgO, 2% of BaO, 0% of CaO, 2% of ZnO, 2% of ZrO2And 3% of La2O3Uniformly mixing in a mixer for 20 hours; then keeping the temperature of 1600 ℃ in a high-temperature resistance furnace for 2 hours to obtain clear glass liquid; then, water quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out, putting into a forced air drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain glass slag; ball-milling the glass slag in a planetary ball mill for 8 hours, and sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain base glass powder with the particle size of 1.0-2.5 mu m;
2. preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding 5% of beta-eucryptite into the basic glass powder, performing ball milling for 2h, drying, screening by using a 400-mesh sieve, preserving the heat of the screened raw material in a resistance furnace at 1300 ℃ for 1h, and performing water quenching, ball milling and drying after clarification to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder;
specifically, the test shows that the softening point of the microcrystalline glass powder is 705 ℃, and the thermal expansion coefficient is 1.55 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
3. Preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a high-molecular thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the high-molecular thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
specifically, the organic solvent comprises 55% by weight of terpineol and 35% by weight of butyl carbitol; the macromolecular thickener comprises 8 percent of ethyl cellulose by weight percentage; the dispersant comprises 2 weight percent of polymethacrylic acid amine;
4. preparing bonding slurry: 67 wt% of microcrystalline glass powder and 33 wt% of organic bonding phase are stirred and dispersed in a container, and then the mixture is repeatedly ground in a three-roll grinder to obtain inorganic bonding slurry.
The silica-based composite material reinforced with quartz fiber was bonded with the above bonding slurry in a size prescribed by the standard, and the bonded sample was dried at 120 ℃ for 0.5 hour and then heat-treated at 950 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, the tensile shear strength and the bending shear strength are tested, and the test results are as follows: the tensile shear strength is 7.2MPa, and the compressive shear strength is 10.8 MPa.
Example 3
1. Preparing base glass powder: weighing 70% by mass of SiO213% of Al2O35% of B2O33% of MgO, 2% of BaO, 0% of CaO, 2% of ZnO, 2% of ZrO2And 3% of CeO2Uniformly mixing in a mixer for 20 hours; then keeping the temperature of 1600 ℃ in a high-temperature resistance furnace for 2 hours to obtain clear glass liquid; then, water quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out, putting into a forced air drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain glass slag; ball-milling the glass slag in a planetary ball mill for 8 hours, and sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain base glass powder with the particle size of 1.0-2.5 mu m;
2. preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding 10% of beta-eucryptite into the basic glass powder, performing ball milling for 2h, drying, screening by using a 400-mesh sieve, preserving the heat of the screened raw material in a resistance furnace at 1300 ℃ for 1h, and performing water quenching, ball milling and drying after clarification to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder;
specifically, the microcrystalline glass powder has a softening point of 740 ℃ and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 0.96 multiplied by 10 after being tested-6/℃。
3. Preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a high-molecular thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the high-molecular thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
specifically, the organic solvent comprises 55% by weight of terpineol and 35% by weight of butyl carbitol; the macromolecular thickener comprises 8 percent of ethyl cellulose by weight percentage; the dispersant comprises 2 weight percent of polymethacrylic acid amine;
4. preparing bonding slurry: 67 wt% of microcrystalline glass powder and 33 wt% of organic bonding phase are stirred and dispersed in a container, and then the mixture is repeatedly ground in a three-roll grinder to obtain inorganic bonding slurry.
The silica-based composite material reinforced with quartz fiber was bonded with the above bonding slurry in a size prescribed by the standard, and the bonded sample was dried at 120 ℃ for 0.5 hour and then heat-treated at 950 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, the tensile shear strength and the bending shear strength are tested, and the test results are as follows: the tensile shear strength is 8.3MPa, and the compressive shear strength is 12.4 MPa.
Example 4
1. Preparing base glass powder: weighing 72% by mass of SiO212% of Al2O36% of B2O3Uniformly mixing 4% of MgO, 2% of BaO, 2% of CaO and 2% of ZnO in a mixer for 12 hours; then keeping the temperature of 1600 ℃ in a high-temperature resistance furnace for 1.5h to obtain clear molten glass; then, water quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out, putting into a forced air drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain glass slag; ball-milling the glass slag in a planetary ball mill for 8 hours, and sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain base glass powder with the particle size of 1.0-2.5 mu m;
2. preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding 15% of beta-eucryptite into the basic glass powder, carrying out ball milling for 2h, drying, screening by using a 400-mesh sieve, preserving the heat of the screened raw material in a resistance furnace at 1300 ℃ for 1h, and carrying out water quenching, ball milling and drying after clarification to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder;
specifically, the test shows that the softening point of the microcrystalline glass powder is 790 ℃, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the microcrystalline glass powder is 0.5 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
3. Preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a high-molecular thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the high-molecular thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
specifically, the organic solvent comprises 55% by weight of terpineol and 35% by weight of butyl carbitol; the macromolecular thickener comprises 8 percent of ethyl cellulose by weight percentage; the dispersant comprises 2 weight percent of polymethacrylic acid amine;
4. preparing bonding slurry: the microcrystalline glass powder with the weight percentage of 72 percent and the organic bonding phase with the weight percentage of 28 percent are stirred and dispersed in a container, and then the container is repeatedly ground in a three-roll grinder to obtain the inorganic bonding slurry.
The silica-based composite material reinforced with quartz fiber was bonded with the above bonding slurry in a size prescribed by the standard, and the bonded sample was dried at 120 ℃ for 0.5 hour and then heat-treated at 950 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, the tensile shear strength and the bending shear strength are tested, and the test results are as follows: the tensile shear strength is 10.8MPa, and the compressive shear strength is 16 MPa.
Example 5
1. Preparing base glass powder: weighing 72% by mass of SiO212% of Al2O36% of B2O33% MgO, 2% BaO, 2% ZnO and 3% La2O3Uniformly mixing in a mixer for 24 hours; then keeping the temperature of 1600 ℃ in a high-temperature resistance furnace for 2 hours to obtain clear glass liquid; then, water quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out, putting into a forced air drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain glass slag; ball-milling the glass slag in a planetary ball mill for 8 hours, and sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain base glass powder with the particle size of 1.0-2.5 mu m;
2. preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding 15% of beta-eucryptite into the basic glass powder, carrying out ball milling for 2h, drying, screening by using a 400-mesh sieve, preserving the heat of the screened raw material in a resistance furnace at 1300 ℃ for 1h, and carrying out water quenching, ball milling and drying after clarification to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder;
specifically, the microcrystalline glass powder has a softening point of 775 ℃ and a thermal expansion coefficient of 0.75 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
3. Preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a high-molecular thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the high-molecular thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
specifically, the organic solvent comprises 55% by weight of terpineol and 35% by weight of butyl carbitol; the macromolecular thickener comprises 8 percent of ethyl cellulose by weight percentage; the dispersant comprises 2 weight percent of polymethacrylic acid amine;
4. preparing bonding slurry: the microcrystalline glass powder with the weight percentage of 72 percent and the organic bonding phase with the weight percentage of 28 percent are stirred and dispersed in a container, and then the container is repeatedly ground in a three-roll grinder to obtain the inorganic bonding slurry.
The silica-based composite material reinforced with quartz fiber was bonded with the above bonding slurry in a size prescribed by the standard, and the bonded sample was dried at 120 ℃ for 0.5 hour and then heat-treated at 950 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, the tensile shear strength and the bending shear strength are tested, and the test results are as follows: the tensile shear strength was 12MPa and the compressive shear strength was 17.4 MPa.
Example 6
1. Preparing base glass powder: weighing SiO with the mass percent of 58%218% of Al2O312% of B2O34% of MgO, 2% of BaO, 2% of CaO, 2% of ZnO, 2% of ZrO2Uniformly mixing in a mixer for 12 hours; then keeping the temperature of 1600 ℃ in a high-temperature resistance furnace for 1.5h to obtain clear molten glass; then, water quenching the glass liquid in deionized water, taking out, putting into a forced air drying oven, and drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃ to obtain glass slag; ball-milling the glass slag in a planetary ball mill for 6 hours, and sieving with a 400-mesh sieve to obtain base glass powder with the particle size of 1.0-2.5 mu m;
2. preparing microcrystalline glass powder: adding 5% of beta-eucryptite into the basic glass powder, performing ball milling for 2h, drying, screening by using a 300-mesh sieve, preserving the heat of the screened raw material in a resistance furnace at 1300 ℃ for 1h, and performing water quenching, ball milling and drying after clarification to obtain the microcrystalline glass powder;
specifically, the softening point of the microcrystalline glass powder is 735 after testingDEG C, coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.5X 10-6/℃。
3. Preparing an organic bonding phase: accurately weighing an organic solvent, a high-molecular thickening agent and a dispersing agent, then putting the organic solvent, the high-molecular thickening agent and the dispersing agent into a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving at a constant temperature of 80-85 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain a clear and transparent fluid;
specifically, the organic solvent comprises 55% by weight of terpineol and 35% by weight of butyl carbitol; the macromolecular thickener comprises 8 percent of ethyl cellulose by weight percentage; the dispersant comprises 2 weight percent of polymethacrylic acid amine;
4. preparing bonding slurry: 67% by weight of microcrystalline glass powder and 33% by weight of organic bonding phase were stirred and dispersed in a container, and then repeatedly ground in a three-roll grinder to obtain a bonding slurry.
The silica-based composite material reinforced with quartz fiber was bonded with the above bonding slurry in a size prescribed by the standard, and the bonded sample was dried at 120 ℃ for 0.5 hour and then heat-treated at 950 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, the tensile shear strength and the bending shear strength are tested, and the test results are as follows: the tensile shear strength is 6.1MPa, and the compressive shear strength is 8.6 MPa.
The particular embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting, since various alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention should not be limited to the disclosure of the embodiments in the present specification, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.