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CN112220494B - An electroacoustic neuroimaging system based on pulse repetition frequency - Google Patents

An electroacoustic neuroimaging system based on pulse repetition frequency Download PDF

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CN112220494B
CN112220494B CN202011026933.XA CN202011026933A CN112220494B CN 112220494 B CN112220494 B CN 112220494B CN 202011026933 A CN202011026933 A CN 202011026933A CN 112220494 B CN112220494 B CN 112220494B
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宋西姊
周伊婕
明东
韩港男
许敏鹏
何峰
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统，包括脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块、声电信号采集模块、脉冲重复频率特征提取模块、插值成像模块、脉冲重复频率解调重建模块，其中，脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块用于调节脉冲重复频率的编码模式并发射聚焦超声，包括脉冲重复频率编码模块和可编程相控阵；声电信号采集模块，用于在聚焦超声发射与扫描模块扫描目标区域的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号；脉冲重复频率特征提取模块用于对采集到声电信号提取有效特征；插值成像模块用于将提取到的声电信号特征转换成声电图像；脉冲重复频率解调重建模块用于解调声电信号，重建源信号。

Figure 202011026933

The invention relates to a pulse repetition frequency-based acoustic-electric neuroimaging system, comprising a pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module, an acoustic-electric signal acquisition module, a pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module, an interpolation imaging module, and a pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module. Among them, the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module is used to adjust the encoding mode of pulse repetition frequency and emit focused ultrasound, including pulse repetition frequency encoding module and programmable phased array; the acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module is used for transmitting and scanning focused ultrasound The module scans the target area while collecting pulse repetition frequency coded acoustic and electrical signals; the pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module is used to extract effective features from the collected acoustic and electrical signals; the interpolation imaging module is used to convert the extracted acoustic and electrical signal features into acoustic and electrical signals. Electrical image; the pulse repetition frequency demodulation reconstruction module is used to demodulate the acoustic electrical signal and reconstruct the source signal.

Figure 202011026933

Description

一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统An acoustic-electric neuroimaging system based on pulse repetition frequency

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统。The invention relates to an acoustic-electric neural imaging system based on pulse repetition frequency.

背景技术Background Art

现有的神经功能成像技术，如脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)、功能磁共振成像、功能近红外光谱等，通常难以兼具高时空分辨率。其中，EEG记录大脑活动时神经元集群同步发生突触后电位的合成信号，是大脑皮层神经电生理活动的总体反映，已广泛应用于临床实践。目前基于头皮电极采集的EEG技术可以获得频率高达1kHz的电生理数据。由于大部分EEG的内源活性皆低于100Hz，因此EEG在时间分辨率上占有极大的优势。但是受到颅内组织容积导体效应的影响，EEG空间分辨率相对较低，通常在厘米量级。这使得几乎不可能基于头皮EEG在颅外监测深层脑功能。为了突破这个限制，声电成像作为一种新兴的成像技术有望用于提高EEG的空间分辨率，实现高时空分辨的神经成像。Existing neurofunctional imaging technologies, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, usually have difficulty in achieving high temporal and spatial resolution. Among them, EEG is a synthetic signal of postsynaptic potentials that occur synchronously in neuronal clusters when recording brain activity. It is a general reflection of the electrophysiological activity of the cerebral cortex and has been widely used in clinical practice. At present, EEG technology based on scalp electrode collection can obtain electrophysiological data with a frequency of up to 1kHz. Since most of the endogenous activity of EEG is lower than 100Hz, EEG has a great advantage in temporal resolution. However, due to the conductor effect of intracranial tissue volume, the spatial resolution of EEG is relatively low, usually at the centimeter level. This makes it almost impossible to monitor deep brain function outside the skull based on scalp EEG. In order to break through this limitation, electroacoustic imaging, as an emerging imaging technology, is expected to be used to improve the spatial resolution of EEG and achieve high temporal and spatial resolution neuroimaging.

利用声电效应原理与经颅聚焦超声靶向定位的优势，声电神经成像通过声场与电场两种物理场的耦合作用，巧妙地将脑电的高时间分辨率与聚焦超声的高空间分辨率结合起来，从激活源源头对脑电信号进行空间编码，获取具有精确位置信息的脑电信号。脉冲重复频率作为重要的超声场参数，可用于脑电信号的高效编码。为了探明如何利用脉冲重复频率实现脑电空间编码及声电神经成像，提出一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统。Taking advantage of the principle of electroacoustic effect and transcranial focused ultrasound targeting, electroacoustic neuroimaging cleverly combines the high temporal resolution of EEG with the high spatial resolution of focused ultrasound through the coupling of two physical fields, acoustic field and electric field, to spatially encode EEG signals from the activation source and obtain EEG signals with precise location information. Pulse repetition frequency, as an important ultrasonic field parameter, can be used for efficient encoding of EEG signals. In order to explore how to use pulse repetition frequency to achieve EEG spatial encoding and electroacoustic neuroimaging, an electroacoustic neuroimaging system based on pulse repetition frequency is proposed.

经颅聚焦超声(transcranial focus ultrasound,tFUS)具有无损伤地在颅内脑皮层空间聚焦特性，能通过声场作用调制其所聚焦空间的组织电生理信号，赋予其高空间分辨特征，从而增强颅内深层EEG或MEG的电生理神经成像空间分辨率。Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has the characteristic of focusing in the intracranial cortical space without damage. It can modulate the electrophysiological signals of the tissues in the focused space through the effect of the sound field, giving it high spatial resolution characteristics, thereby enhancing the spatial resolution of electrophysiological neuroimaging of deep intracranial EEG or MEG.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统。本发明采用的技术方案是：The purpose of the present invention is to provide an acoustic-electrical neuroimaging system based on pulse repetition frequency. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统，包括脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块、声电信号采集模块、脉冲重复频率特征提取模块、插值成像模块、脉冲重复频率解调重建模块，其中，脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块用于调节脉冲重复频率的编码模式并发射聚焦超声，包括脉冲重复频率编码模块和可编程相控阵；声电信号采集模块，用于在聚焦超声发射与扫描模块扫描目标区域的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号；脉冲重复频率特征提取模块用于对采集到声电信号提取有效特征；插值成像模块用于将提取到的声电信号特征转换成声电图像；脉冲重复频率解调重建模块用于解调声电信号，重建源信号。A pulse repetition frequency-based acoustic and electrical neuroimaging system includes a pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module, an acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module, a pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module, an interpolation imaging module, and a pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module, wherein the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module is used to adjust the encoding mode of the pulse repetition frequency and transmit focused ultrasound, and includes a pulse repetition frequency encoding module and a programmable phased array; the acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module is used to collect acoustic and electrical signals encoded by the pulse repetition frequency while the focused ultrasound emission and scanning module scans the target area; the pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module is used to extract effective features from the collected acoustic and electrical signals; the interpolation imaging module is used to convert the extracted acoustic and electrical signal features into acoustic and electrical images; the pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module is used to demodulate the acoustic and electrical signals and reconstruct the source signals.

脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块利用可编程相控阵设置不同的脉冲重复频率编码模式，用于聚焦超声的高精度三维扫描，编码满足如下数学关系：The pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module uses a programmable phased array to set different pulse repetition frequency encoding modes for high-precision three-dimensional scanning of focused ultrasound. The encoding satisfies the following mathematical relationship:

Figure BDA0002702388500000021
Figure BDA0002702388500000021

其中，

Figure BDA0002702388500000022
为声电信号，JI＝JI(x，y，z)为分布电流源，
Figure BDA0002702388500000023
为导程i的导程场，σ0为初始电导率，K为声电效应系数，ΔP为声压，fPRF为脉冲重复频率，t为超声传播时间，(x，y，z)为超声聚焦域的三维直角坐标。in,
Figure BDA0002702388500000022
is the acoustic signal, J I =J I (x, y, z) is the distributed current source,
Figure BDA0002702388500000023
is the lead field of lead i, σ0 is the initial conductivity, K is the acoustoelectric effect coefficient, ΔP is the sound pressure, fPRF is the pulse repetition frequency, t is the ultrasonic propagation time, and (x, y, z) is the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate of the ultrasonic focusing area.

声电信号采集模块：在脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块扫描目标脑区的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号，将微弱的声电信号放大、滤波后存储。Acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module: While the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module is scanning the target brain area, it collects the pulse repetition frequency encoded acoustic and electrical signals, amplifies the weak acoustic and electrical signals, and stores them after filtering.

脉冲重复频率特征提取模块：对采集到声电信号

Figure BDA0002702388500000024
通过脉冲重复频率带通滤波使声电信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000025
转换为脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000026
对脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000027
通过希尔伯特变换得到包含源信号频率、幅值特征的脉冲重复频率调制信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000028
脉冲重复频率调制信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000029
具体为：聚焦超声波作用于有效焦域使电导率变化Δσ，由此使得测量电极处声电耦合后的脑电信号也随之改变，设有一个激活源信号为Vs，其频率为ωs，幅值为As，聚焦超声信号为VUS(fPRF)，聚焦超声扫描包含一个激活源的脑区，由声电采集模块得到对应扫描位置的脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000210
脉冲重复频率调制信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000211
由聚焦超声与对应扫描位置处的激活源信号Vs相互作用形成，具有聚焦超声波焦点空间位置信息，满足如下数学关系：Pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module: collects the acoustic and electrical signals
Figure BDA0002702388500000024
The acoustic and electrical signals are filtered by pulse repetition frequency bandpass
Figure BDA0002702388500000025
Convert to pulse repetition frequency coded signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000026
Pulse repetition frequency coded signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000027
The pulse repetition frequency modulation signal containing the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the source signal is obtained through Hilbert transform
Figure BDA0002702388500000028
Pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000029
Specifically, the focused ultrasound acts on the effective focal area to change the conductivity by Δσ, thereby changing the EEG signal after acoustic-electric coupling at the measuring electrode. An activation source signal is set to be Vs , with a frequency of ωs and an amplitude of As . The focused ultrasound signal is VUS ( fPRF ). The focused ultrasound scans the brain area containing an activation source, and the acoustic-electric acquisition module obtains the pulse repetition frequency coded signal corresponding to the scanning position.
Figure BDA00027023885000000210
Pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000211
It is formed by the interaction between the focused ultrasound and the activation source signal Vs at the corresponding scanning position, and has the spatial position information of the focused ultrasound focus, satisfying the following mathematical relationship:

Figure BDA00027023885000000212
Figure BDA00027023885000000212

其中，BPFPRF为以脉冲重复频率fPRF为中心频率的带通滤波器，脉冲重复频率调制信号

Figure BDA00027023885000000213
由脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000214
希尔伯特变换得到，满足如下数学关系：Among them, BPF PRF is a bandpass filter with pulse repetition frequency f PRF as the center frequency, and the pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000213
Pulse repetition frequency coded signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000214
The Hilbert transform satisfies the following mathematical relationship:

Figure BDA00027023885000000215
Figure BDA00027023885000000215

插值成像模块：取脉冲重复频率调制信号

Figure BDA00027023885000000216
的绝对值作为该聚焦位置处的声电信号幅值，以此类推各扫描位置处的声电信号幅值，作为各扫描位置处的声电成像像素值，由于扫描位置已知，则获得具有空间位置信息的二维像素值分布，经像素值归一化、二维三次插值重建多源激活成像，反映多源激活的电流源分布。Interpolation imaging module: take pulse repetition frequency modulation signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000216
The absolute value of is taken as the acoustic and electrical signal amplitude at the focusing position, and so on, the acoustic and electrical signal amplitude at each scanning position is taken as the acoustic and electrical imaging pixel value at each scanning position. Since the scanning position is known, a two-dimensional pixel value distribution with spatial position information is obtained. After pixel value normalization and two-dimensional cubic interpolation, multi-source activation imaging is reconstructed to reflect the current source distribution of multi-source activation.

脉冲重复频率解调重建模块：对脉冲重复频率调制信号

Figure BDA00027023885000000217
以脉冲重复频率fPRF为载波进行幅值解调得到脉冲重复频率解调重建信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000218
该信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000219
应与激活源信号为Vs的幅值、频率及相位呈正相关。Pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module: pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000217
The pulse repetition frequency f PRF is used as the carrier for amplitude demodulation to obtain the pulse repetition frequency demodulation reconstructed signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000218
The signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000219
It should be positively correlated with the amplitude, frequency and phase of the activation source signal Vs.

本发明与传统的声电成像方法相比，能够充分挖掘利用超声场的有效参数脉冲重复频率，为声电成像提供一种新思路。重建激活源，有望为新型多模态神经功能成像提供关键技术保障，也为聚焦超声尽快融入神经成像技术应用阶段奠定基础。Compared with traditional electroacoustic imaging methods, this invention can fully exploit the effective parameter pulse repetition frequency of the ultrasound field, providing a new idea for electroacoustic imaging. Reconstructing the activation source is expected to provide key technical support for new multimodal neural function imaging, and also lay the foundation for the integration of focused ultrasound into the application stage of neural imaging technology as soon as possible.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明的系统结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

图2为本发明的工作流程图；Fig. 2 is a workflow diagram of the present invention;

图3为本发明的原理示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention;

图4为本发明的实验数据声电成像及源信号重建结果。FIG. 4 is the result of acoustic and electrical imaging and source signal reconstruction of the experimental data of the present invention.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

神经成像作为一类重要的脑科学技术手段，不仅可以无创(微创)检测活体脑结构及功能变化，更重要的是可以作为中间枢纽整合宏观结构、功能及微观分子、代谢等信息，因此广泛应用于临床诊断和神经科学研究。兼具高时空分辨率的神经成像新技术的研发在神经科学和临床医学研究中发挥至关重要的作用。聚焦超声因其具有高靶向性和无创性的优势，可用于声电成像获取多源放电的空间分布，以实现超高时空分辨的神经成像。As an important brain science and technology, neuroimaging can not only detect changes in living brain structure and function non-invasively (minimally invasively), but more importantly, it can serve as an intermediate hub to integrate macroscopic structure, function, and microscopic molecular and metabolic information. Therefore, it is widely used in clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research. The development of new neuroimaging technologies with high temporal and spatial resolution plays a vital role in neuroscience and clinical medical research. Focused ultrasound, due to its advantages of high targeting and non-invasiveness, can be used for electroacoustic imaging to obtain the spatial distribution of multi-source discharges, so as to achieve ultra-high temporal and spatial resolution neuroimaging.

结合附图和实施例对本发明的基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统加以说明。The pulse repetition frequency-based acoustic-electric neural imaging system of the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

本发明借助脉冲重复频率实现声电神经成像及激活源重建。利用经颅聚焦超声扫描感兴趣位置深部皮层组织，聚焦靶区脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号，检测深部皮层电生理活动，实现声电成像与源信号重建。The present invention realizes acoustic and electrical neuroimaging and activation source reconstruction by means of pulse repetition frequency. Transcranial focused ultrasound is used to scan the deep cortical tissue at the location of interest, focusing the acoustic and electrical signals encoded by the pulse repetition frequency of the target area, detecting the electrophysiological activity of the deep cortex, and realizing acoustic and electrical imaging and source signal reconstruction.

本发明的基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统如图1所示，主要包括脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块、声电信号采集模块、脉冲重复频率特征提取模块、插值成像模块、脉冲重复频率解调重建模块，其中脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块用于调节脉冲重复频率的编码模式并发射聚焦超声，由脉冲重复频率编码模块、可编程相控阵组成。声电信号采集模块，用于在聚焦超声发射与扫描模块扫描目标区域的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号。脉冲重复频率特征提取模块用于对采集到声电信号提取有效特征。插值成像模块用于将提取到的声电信号特征转换成声电图像。脉冲重复频率解调重建模块用于解调声电信号，重建源信号。The pulse repetition frequency-based acoustic and electrical neuroimaging system of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, and mainly includes a pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module, an acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module, a pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module, an interpolation imaging module, and a pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module, wherein the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module is used to adjust the encoding mode of the pulse repetition frequency and transmit focused ultrasound, and is composed of a pulse repetition frequency encoding module and a programmable phased array. The acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module is used to collect the acoustic and electrical signals encoded by the pulse repetition frequency while the focused ultrasound emission and scanning module scans the target area. The pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module is used to extract effective features from the collected acoustic and electrical signals. The interpolation imaging module is used to convert the extracted acoustic and electrical signal features into acoustic and electrical images. The pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module is used to demodulate the acoustic and electrical signals and reconstruct the source signals.

基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统的工作流程图如图2所示，大概可以分为以下几个步骤：The workflow of the pulse repetition frequency-based electroacoustic neuroimaging system is shown in Figure 2, which can be roughly divided into the following steps:

1)脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块：利用可编程相控阵设置不同的脉冲重复频率编码模式；用于聚焦超声的高精度三维扫描，扫描精度为0.05mm；编码算法满足如下数学关系：1) Pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module: Use programmable phased array to set different pulse repetition frequency encoding modes; used for high-precision three-dimensional scanning of focused ultrasound with a scanning accuracy of 0.05mm; the encoding algorithm satisfies the following mathematical relationship:

Figure BDA0002702388500000031
Figure BDA0002702388500000031

其中，

Figure BDA0002702388500000032
为声电信号，JI＝JI(x，y，z)为分布电流源，
Figure BDA0002702388500000033
为导程i的导程场，σ0为初始电导率，K为声电效应系数，ΔP为声压，fPRF为脉冲重复频率，t为超声传播时间，(x，y，z)为超声聚焦域的三维直角坐标。in,
Figure BDA0002702388500000032
is the acoustic signal, J I =J I (x, y, z) is the distributed current source,
Figure BDA0002702388500000033
is the lead field of lead i, σ0 is the initial conductivity, K is the acoustoelectric effect coefficient, ΔP is the sound pressure, fPRF is the pulse repetition frequency, t is the ultrasonic propagation time, and (x, y, z) is the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate of the ultrasonic focusing area.

2)声电信号采集模块：在脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块扫描目标脑区的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号，将微弱的声电信号放大、滤波后存储，采样率20kHz；2) Acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module: while the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module is scanning the target brain area, it collects the pulse repetition frequency encoded acoustic and electrical signals, amplifies and filters the weak acoustic and electrical signals, and stores them with a sampling rate of 20kHz;

3)脉冲重复频率特征提取模块：对采集到声电信号

Figure BDA0002702388500000034
通过脉冲重复频率带通滤波使声电信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000035
转换为脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000036
对脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000037
通过希尔伯特变换得到包含源信号频率、幅值特征的脉冲重复频率调制信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000038
脉冲重复频率调制信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000039
具体为：聚焦超声波作用于有效焦域使电导率变化Δσ，由此使得测量电极处声电耦合后的脑电信号也随之改变。设有一个激活源信号为Vs，其频率为ωs，幅值为As，聚焦超声信号为VUS(fPRF)，聚焦超声扫描包含一个激活源的脑区，由声电采集模块得到对应扫描位置的脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000310
脉冲重复频率调制信号
Figure BDA00027023885000000311
由聚焦超声与对应扫描位置处的激活源信号Vs相互作用形成，具有聚焦超声波焦点空间位置信息，满足如下数学关系：3) Pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module: collects the acoustic and electrical signals
Figure BDA0002702388500000034
The acoustic and electrical signals are filtered by pulse repetition frequency bandpass
Figure BDA0002702388500000035
Convert to pulse repetition frequency coded signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000036
Pulse repetition frequency coded signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000037
The pulse repetition frequency modulation signal containing the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the source signal is obtained through Hilbert transform
Figure BDA0002702388500000038
Pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000039
Specifically, the focused ultrasound acts on the effective focal area to change the conductivity by Δσ, thereby changing the EEG signal after acoustic-electric coupling at the measuring electrode. Suppose an activation source signal is V s , its frequency is ω s , and its amplitude is A s , and the focused ultrasound signal is V US (f PRF ). The focused ultrasound scans the brain area containing an activation source, and the pulse repetition frequency coded signal corresponding to the scanning position is obtained by the acoustic-electric acquisition module.
Figure BDA00027023885000000310
Pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA00027023885000000311
It is formed by the interaction between the focused ultrasound and the activation source signal Vs at the corresponding scanning position, and has the spatial position information of the focused ultrasound focus, satisfying the following mathematical relationship:

Figure BDA0002702388500000041
Figure BDA0002702388500000041

其中，BPFPRF为以脉冲重复频率fPRF为中心频率的带通滤波器，脉冲重复频率调制信号

Figure BDA0002702388500000042
由脉冲重复频率编码信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000043
希尔伯特变换得到，满足如下数学关系：Among them, BPF PRF is a bandpass filter with pulse repetition frequency f PRF as the center frequency, and the pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000042
Pulse repetition frequency coded signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000043
The Hilbert transform satisfies the following mathematical relationship:

Figure BDA0002702388500000044
Figure BDA0002702388500000044

4)插值成像模块：取脉冲重复频率调制信号

Figure BDA0002702388500000045
的绝对值作为该聚焦位置处的声电信号幅值，以此类推各扫描位置处的声电信号幅值，作为各扫描位置处的声电成像像素值，由于扫描位置已知，则获得具有空间位置信息的二维像素值分布，经像素值归一化、二维三次插值重建多源激活成像，反映多源激活的电流源分布。4) Interpolation imaging module: take pulse repetition frequency modulation signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000045
The absolute value of is taken as the acoustic and electrical signal amplitude at the focusing position, and so on, the acoustic and electrical signal amplitude at each scanning position is taken as the acoustic and electrical imaging pixel value at each scanning position. Since the scanning position is known, a two-dimensional pixel value distribution with spatial position information is obtained. After pixel value normalization and two-dimensional cubic interpolation, multi-source activation imaging is reconstructed to reflect the current source distribution of multi-source activation.

5)脉冲重复频率解调重建模块：对脉冲重复频率调制信号

Figure BDA0002702388500000046
以脉冲重复频率fPRF为载波进行幅值解调得到脉冲重复频率解调重建信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000047
该信号
Figure BDA0002702388500000048
应与激活源信号为Vs的幅值、频率及相位呈正相关。5) Pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module: pulse repetition frequency modulated signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000046
The pulse repetition frequency f PRF is used as the carrier for amplitude demodulation to obtain the pulse repetition frequency demodulation reconstructed signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000047
The signal
Figure BDA0002702388500000048
It should be positively correlated with the amplitude, frequency and phase of the activation source signal Vs.

图3为本发明的原理示意图，将脉冲重复频率编码作用于聚焦超声换能器进而发射聚焦超声波，将超声波聚扫描目标脑区(浅灰虚线)，其中包括激活脑区(黑色虚线)和非激活脑区(深灰虚线)。在超声扫描脑区的同时采集头皮脑电。激活脑区受到超声调制后产生高频声电信号，而非激活脑区则输出噪声。由此获得脉冲重复频率编码的且具有精确位置信息脑电信号。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention, in which the pulse repetition frequency encoding is applied to the focused ultrasonic transducer to emit focused ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves are focused to scan the target brain area (light gray dotted line), including the activated brain area (black dotted line) and the non-activated brain area (dark gray dotted line). The scalp EEG is collected while the ultrasonic scanning of the brain area. The activated brain area generates a high-frequency acoustic and electrical signal after being modulated by ultrasound, while the non-activated brain area outputs noise. Thus, an EEG signal encoded with pulse repetition frequency and having precise position information is obtained.

图4为本发明的实验数据声电成像及源信号重建结果，一个激活源声电成像结果如图4(a)所示。图4(b)为源点S+(0,0)处不同相位的源信号及对应的解调重建源信号。从中可知，解调重建源信号的频率、幅值、相位与源信号呈正相关。FIG4 is the experimental data acoustic and electrical imaging and source signal reconstruction results of the present invention, and an activated source acoustic and electrical imaging result is shown in FIG4(a). FIG4(b) is the source signal of different phases at the source point S+(0,0) and the corresponding demodulated and reconstructed source signal. It can be seen that the frequency, amplitude, and phase of the demodulated and reconstructed source signal are positively correlated with the source signal.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于脉冲重复频率的声电神经成像系统，包括脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块、声电信号采集模块、脉冲重复频率特征提取模块、插值成像模块、脉冲重复频率解调重建模块，其中，脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块用于调节脉冲重复频率的编码模式并发射聚焦超声，包括脉冲重复频率编码模块和可编程相控阵；声电信号采集模块，用于在聚焦超声发射与扫描模块扫描目标区域的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号；脉冲重复频率特征提取模块用于对采集到声电信号提取有效特征；插值成像模块用于将提取到的声电信号特征转换成声电图像；脉冲重复频率解调重建模块用于解调声电信号，重建源信号；1. An acoustic and electrical neuroimaging system based on pulse repetition frequency, comprising a pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module, an acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module, a pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module, an interpolation imaging module, and a pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module, wherein the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module is used to adjust the encoding mode of the pulse repetition frequency and transmit focused ultrasound, and comprises a pulse repetition frequency encoding module and a programmable phased array; the acoustic and electrical signal acquisition module is used to collect the acoustic and electrical signals encoded by the pulse repetition frequency while the focused ultrasound emission and scanning module scans the target area; the pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module is used to extract effective features from the collected acoustic and electrical signals; the interpolation imaging module is used to convert the extracted acoustic and electrical signal features into acoustic and electrical images; the pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module is used to demodulate the acoustic and electrical signals and reconstruct the source signals; 脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块利用可编程相控阵设置不同的脉冲重复频率编码模式，用于聚焦超声的高精度三维扫描，编码满足如下数学关系：The pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module uses a programmable phased array to set different pulse repetition frequency encoding modes for high-precision three-dimensional scanning of focused ultrasound. The encoding satisfies the following mathematical relationship:
Figure QLYQS_1
Figure QLYQS_1
 其中，Vi AE为声电信号，JI＝JI(x，y，z)为分布电流源，
Figure QLYQS_2
为导程i的导程场，σ0为初始电导率，K为声电效应系数，ΔP为声压，fPRF为脉冲重复频率，t为超声传播时间，(x，y，z)为超声聚焦域的三维直角坐标；Wherein, ViAE is the acoustic and electrical signal, JI = JI (x, y, z) is the distributed current source,
Figure QLYQS_2
is the lead field of lead i, σ 0 is the initial conductivity, K is the acoustoelectric effect coefficient, ΔP is the sound pressure, f PRF is the pulse repetition frequency, t is the ultrasonic propagation time, (x, y, z) is the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate of the ultrasonic focusing area; 脉冲重复频率特征提取模块：对采集到声电信号Vi AE通过脉冲重复频率带通滤波使声电信号Vi AE转换为脉冲重复频率编码信号Vi PRF；对脉冲重复频率编码信号Vi PRF通过希尔伯特变换得到包含源信号频率、幅值特征的脉冲重复频率调制信号Vi PRF-Hil；脉冲重复频率调制信号Vi PRF-Hil具体为：聚焦超声波作用于有效焦域使电导率变化Δσ，由此使得测量电极处声电耦合后的脑电信号也随之改变，设有一个激活源信号为Vs，其频率为ωs，幅值为As，聚焦超声信号为VUS(fPRF)，聚焦超声扫描包含一个激活源的脑区，由声电采集模块得到对应扫描位置的脉冲重复频率编码信号Vi PRF，脉冲重复频率调制信号Vi PRF-Hil由聚焦超声与对应扫描位置处的激活源信号Vs相互作用形成，具有聚焦超声波焦点空间位置信息，满足如下数学关系：Pulse repetition frequency feature extraction module: the collected acoustic and electrical signal ViAE is converted into a pulse repetition frequency coded signal ViPRF through pulse repetition frequency bandpass filtering; the pulse repetition frequency coded signal ViPRF is subjected to Hilbert transform to obtain a pulse repetition frequency modulated signal ViPRF -Hil containing the frequency and amplitude characteristics of the source signal; the pulse repetition frequency modulated signal ViPRF -Hil is specifically: the focused ultrasound acts on the effective focal area to change the conductivity by Δσ, thereby causing the electroencephalogram signal after acoustic and electrical coupling at the measuring electrode to change accordingly, and an activation source signal is set to be Vs , whose frequency is ωs , and whose amplitude is As , and the focused ultrasound signal is VUS ( fPRF ). The focused ultrasound scans the brain area containing an activation source, and the pulse repetition frequency coded signal ViPRF of the corresponding scanning position is obtained by the acoustic and electrical acquisition module. The pulse repetition frequency modulated signal ViPRF -Hil is formed by the interaction between the focused ultrasound and the activation source signal Vs at the corresponding scanning position, and has the spatial position information of the focused ultrasound focus, and satisfies the following mathematical relationship:
Figure QLYQS_3
Figure QLYQS_3
 其中，BPFPRF为以脉冲重复频率fPRF为中心频率的带通滤波器，脉冲重复频率调制信号Vi PRF-Hil由脉冲重复频率编码信号Vi PRF希尔伯特变换得到，满足如下数学关系：Wherein, BPF PRF is a bandpass filter with a pulse repetition frequency f PRF as the center frequency, and the pulse repetition frequency modulation signal Vi PRF-Hil is obtained by Hilbert transforming the pulse repetition frequency coded signal Vi PRF , satisfying the following mathematical relationship: Vi PRF-Hil(As，ωs，fPRF)＝Hilbert{Vi PRF(As，ωs，fPRF)} (3)V i PRF-Hil (A s , ω s , f PRF ) = Hilbert {V i PRF (A s , ω s , f PRF )} (3) 插值成像模块：取脉冲重复频率调制信号Vi PRF-Hil的绝对值作为聚焦位置处的声电信号幅值，以此类推各扫描位置处的声电信号幅值，作为各扫描位置处的声电成像像素值，由于扫描位置已知，则获得具有空间位置信息的二维像素值分布，经像素值归一化、二维三次插值重建多源激活成像，反映多源激活的电流源分布；Interpolation imaging module: take the absolute value of the pulse repetition frequency modulation signal ViPRF -Hil as the acoustic and electrical signal amplitude at the focus position, and then infer the acoustic and electrical signal amplitude at each scanning position as the acoustic and electrical imaging pixel value at each scanning position. Since the scanning position is known, a two-dimensional pixel value distribution with spatial position information is obtained, and multi-source activation imaging is reconstructed by pixel value normalization and two-dimensional cubic interpolation to reflect the current source distribution of multi-source activation; 脉冲重复频率解调重建模块：对脉冲重复频率调制信号Vi PRF-Hil以脉冲重复频率fPRF为载波进行幅值解调得到脉冲重复频率解调重建信号Vi PRF-Dem，该信号Vi PRF-Dem应与激活源信号为Vs的幅值、频率及相位呈正相关。Pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction module: The pulse repetition frequency modulated signal ViPRF -Hil is amplitude demodulated with the pulse repetition frequency fPRF as the carrier to obtain the pulse repetition frequency demodulation and reconstruction signal ViPRF -Dem . The signal ViPRF -Dem should be positively correlated with the amplitude, frequency and phase of the activation source signal Vs. 2.根据权利要求1所述的声电神经成像系统，其特征在于，声电信号采集模块：在脉冲重复频率编码与扫描模块扫描目标脑区的同时采集脉冲重复频率编码的声电信号，将微弱的声电信号放大、滤波后存储。2. The electroacoustic neuroimaging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the electroacoustic signal acquisition module collects the electroacoustic signals encoded by the pulse repetition frequency while the pulse repetition frequency encoding and scanning module scans the target brain area, amplifies the weak electroacoustic signals, filters them and stores them.
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