CN112219669A - Simple cultivation method for sugarcane seedlings - Google Patents
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- CN112219669A CN112219669A CN202010908787.7A CN202010908787A CN112219669A CN 112219669 A CN112219669 A CN 112219669A CN 202010908787 A CN202010908787 A CN 202010908787A CN 112219669 A CN112219669 A CN 112219669A
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- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种甘蔗实生苗轻简栽培方法，具体涉及甘蔗实生苗栽培技术领域，主要包括下列步骤：(1)选实生苗；(2)整地开沟；(3)施足基肥；(4)安装喷带；(5)种植；(6)田间管理。本发明采用甘蔗实生苗与野花生间作的方式，不仅能够抑制杂草生长，减少除草剂施用，减少土壤农药残留，降低除草剂对甘蔗实生苗生长发育的不良影响，还能有效地改善土壤生态环境。与常规的甘蔗栽培技术相比，本发明方法无需中耕培土和追肥，简化栽培流程、减轻劳动强度、降低生产成本，有效解决劳动力紧缺问题，适合在甘蔗实生苗栽培中推广应用。The invention discloses a light and simple cultivation method for sugarcane seedlings, in particular to the technical field of sugarcane seedling cultivation. 4) Installation of spray belt; (5) Planting; (6) Field management. The method adopts the intercropping method of sugarcane seedlings and wild peanuts, which can not only inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the application of herbicides, reduce soil pesticide residues, and reduce the adverse effects of herbicides on the growth and development of sugarcane seedlings, but also can effectively improve the soil ecological environment. . Compared with the conventional sugarcane cultivation technology, the method of the invention does not require intercultivation and topdressing, simplifies the cultivation process, reduces labor intensity and production cost, effectively solves the problem of labor shortage, and is suitable for popularization and application in the cultivation of sugarcane seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, and particularly relates to a simple cultivation method of sugarcane seedlings.
Background
Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in China, is a tropical and southern subtropical economic crop, has the characteristics of preference for high temperature, moisture and fertilizer, and is suitable for being planted in places with fertile soil, sufficient sunlight and large winter-summer temperature difference; the annual accumulated temperature needs 5500-8500 ℃, the frost-free period is more than 330d, the annual average air humidity is 60 percent, the annual precipitation requirement is 800-1200mm, and the sunshine duration is more than 1195 h. The southern coastal province is in the hot spot monsoon climate area of south Asia, the illumination is sufficient, the rainwater is abundant, and the sugarcane is suitable for growing.
China is a big country for planting sugarcane, and main production areas are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Fujian 6 provinces, but the current sucrose industry has the problems of low technical level of sugarcane production, high production cost, low production efficiency, simplification of varieties caused by slow variety updating and the like, wherein the problem of simplification of sugarcane varieties has great influence. How to cultivate excellent sugarcane varieties becomes an important subject which needs to be solved urgently by the sucrose industry, the cultivation of sugarcane seedlings is the basis of new variety breeding, and the field survival rate and the growth condition of the seedlings have important influence on later-stage seed selection.
In the traditional field planting of the sugarcane seedlings, because the sugarcane seedlings are weak and small, have weak root systems and slow growth, weeds are easy to grow in the field, and the herbicide is sprayed once in about 15 days. In addition, multiple fertilization is needed during the growth period of the sugarcane seedlings, the labor intensity is high, time and labor are wasted, the fertilization operation is unscientific, a large amount of fertilizer is easily lost, the cost of the sugarcane seedlings is high, and the serious pollution to the ecological environment of a sugarcane area is caused.
Therefore, the simple sugarcane seedling cultivation technology is established, and has important significance for reducing the sugarcane cultivation cost, lightening the labor intensity, reducing the application amount of the herbicide and promoting the breeding of new sugarcane varieties and the protection of cultivated land.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simple cultivation method of sugarcane seedlings, aiming at the problems that the sugarcane seedlings are small, the root systems are weak, the early growth is slow, weeds are easy to grow in the field, the labor input cost is high and the like, and by the cultivation steps of selecting healthy sugarcane seedlings without diseases and insect pests, selecting land to carry out land preparation and ditching, applying enough base fertilizer consisting of compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer, intercropping the sugarcane seedlings and wild peanuts, installing sprinkling irrigation before field planting, preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests and the like, the growth of the weeds can be inhibited, the application of herbicide is reduced, the pesticide residue in the soil is reduced, the adverse effect of the herbicide on the growth and development of the sugarcane seedlings is reduced, the quality of the sugarcanes is improved, the ecological environment of the soil can be effectively improved, and the soil is fertilized. The method of the invention does not need intertillage, ridging and topdressing, reduces the labor intensity, reduces the cultivation cost and effectively solves the problem of labor shortage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a simple cultivation method of sugarcane seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting seedlings: selecting healthy sugarcane seedlings without diseases and insect pests as seedlings;
(2) land preparation and ditching: selecting a loose land block convenient for drainage and irrigation as a sugarcane field, deeply ploughing, deeply loosening and finely harrowing the sugarcane field before planting, and excavating a sugarcane planting ditch along contour lines, wherein the ditch bottom is required to be flat, soil blocks are finely crushed, the ditch depth is 40-50cm, the ditch bottom width is 30-35cm, and the row spacing is 110-130 cm;
(3) applying enough base fertilizer: uniformly scattering a mixed compound fertilizer and a biological organic fertilizer serving as base fertilizers into the planting pits, and fully and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil;
(4) installing a spray belt: before the sugarcane seedlings are planted, sprinkling irrigation is installed along sugarcane rows;
(5) planting: planting sugarcane seedlings in planting pits, planting wild peanuts in the row spaces of the sugarcane seedlings, cutting leaves of the sugarcane seedlings before planting, compacting by using fine soil during planting, and sprinkling enough root fixing water after planting;
(6) field management: the humidity of the soil is kept above 60 percent within 15 days after the sugarcane seedlings are planted; preventing and treating aphid in 10-12 months.
Further, the amount of the compound fertilizer used in the step (3) is 40-50 kg/mu, and the N-P-K content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15.
Further, the bio-organic fertilizer in the step (3) is prepared by fully fermenting and curing 30-45 parts of cow dung, 20-25 parts of chicken manure, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 20-30 parts of bagasse and 4-8 parts of peanut oil residue by using yeast.
Further, the base fertilizer in the step (3) is formed by mixing a compound fertilizer and a biological organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 25-30.
Further, the distance between the planting pits in the step (5) is 30-40 cm.
Furthermore, the planting density of the wild peanuts in the step (5) is 13-15cm multiplied by 16-20 cm.
Further, it is characterized in that the soil humidity in the step (6) is 60-65%.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (6), 10-12 months of aphid prevention and control are carried out by spraying 10% imidacloprid 2000-2500 times liquid.
The compound fertilizer, the yeast and the imidacloprid used by the invention can be purchased from the market.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the conventional sugarcane seedling field management, the conventional method needs to spray herbicide for many times during the sugarcane seedling period, so that a large amount of herbicide remains in the soil and influences the growth and development of crops; by interplanting the sugarcane seedlings and the wild peanuts, the growth of weeds can be inhibited, the use of herbicides is reduced, the residue of soil pesticides is reduced, and the adverse effect of the herbicides on the development of crops is reduced.
2. Compared with the conventional sugarcane seedling field management, the conventional method needs intertillage, ridging and topdressing during the growth period of the sugarcane seedlings, is high in labor intensity, time-consuming and labor-consuming, unscientific in fertilization operation, and easy to cause large amount of fertilizer loss, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is low; the simple cultivation method of the invention does not need intertillage ridging and topdressing, saves labor force, reduces production cost, effectively relieves the phenomenon of rural labor force shortage under the condition of ensuring the normal growth of sugarcane seedlings by one-time fertilization, and has certain promotion effect on the development of local economy.
3. According to the method, the leguminous plant wild peanut has short growth period and quick growth vigor, has the effects of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, water and soil conservation, soil fertility improvement and the like, and can reduce the growth of weeds by interplanting the sugarcane and the wild peanut, strives for natural conditions such as land, illumination and the like for the growth of sugarcane seedlings, promotes the absorption of the sugarcane seedlings on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and promotes the growth and development of the sugarcane seedlings; through interplanting of the sugarcane and the wild peanuts, the application of herbicides is reduced, the residue of soil pesticides is reduced, the water evaporation is reduced, and the water and soil are kept.
4. The field management investment of the sugarcane seedlings is lower than that of the conventional method, and the breeding cost is saved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions of the present invention clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting seedlings: selecting healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests as seedlings;
(2) land preparation and ditching: selecting a loose land block which is convenient to drain and irrigate as a sugarcane field, deeply ploughing, deeply loosening and finely harrowing the sugarcane field, and excavating a sugarcane planting ditch along a contour line, wherein the ditch bottom is required to be flat, soil blocks are finely crushed, the ditch depth is 45cm, the ditch bottom width is 30cm, and the row spacing is 115 cm;
(3) applying enough base fertilizer: mixing a compound fertilizer with the N-P-K ratio of 15-15-15 and a bio-organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:26, wherein the amount of the compound fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by fully fermenting and curing 42 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of chicken manure, 8 parts of fly ash, 22 parts of bagasse and 5 parts of peanut oil residue by using saccharomycetes, scattering the fertilizer into planting pits, fully and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and soil, avoiding excessive contact of the fertilizer with sugarcane seedlings, and avoiding additional application of fertilizer;
(4) installing a spray belt: before the sugarcane seedlings are planted, sprinkling irrigation is installed along sugarcane rows;
(5) planting: digging planting pits with the spacing of 30cm in sugarcane rows, planting sugarcane seedlings in the planting pits, planting wild peanuts in the row spaces, wherein the planting density of the wild peanuts is 13cm multiplied by 16cm, carrying out leaf cutting treatment on the sugarcane seedlings before planting, cutting off redundant leaves, compacting and compacting by fine soil when planting the seedlings, and pouring enough root fixing water after planting;
(6) field management: keeping the soil humidity at 65% within 15 days after planting the sugarcane seedlings; spraying 2000-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid for preventing and controlling aphids in 10 to 12 months.
Example 2
(1) Selecting seedlings: selecting healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests as seedlings;
(2) land preparation and ditching: before planting sugarcane seedlings, selecting a loose land block which is convenient to drain and irrigate as a sugarcane field, deeply ploughing, deeply loosening and finely harrowing the sugarcane field, and excavating a sugarcane planting ditch along a contour line, wherein the ditch bottom is required to be flat, soil blocks are finely crushed, the ditch depth is 40cm, the ditch bottom width is 30cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm;
(3) applying enough base fertilizer: mixing a compound fertilizer with the N-P-K content of 15-15-15 and a bio-organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3:28, wherein the amount of the compound fertilizer is 42 kg/mu, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by fully fermenting and curing 38 parts of cow dung, 22 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of fly ash, 24 parts of bagasse and 6 parts of peanut oil residue by using saccharomycetes, spreading the fertilizer into planting pits, and fully mixing the fertilizer with soil uniformly, so that excessive contact of the fertilizer with sugarcane seedlings is avoided, and no additional fertilizer is applied during the growth period of the sugarcane;
(4) installing a spray belt: before the sugarcane seedlings are planted, sprinkling irrigation is installed along sugarcane rows;
(5) planting: digging planting pits with the spacing of 35cm in sugarcane rows, planting sugarcane seedlings in the planting pits, planting wild peanuts in the row spaces, wherein the planting density of the wild peanuts is 15cm multiplied by 18cm, carrying out leaf cutting treatment on the sugarcane seedlings before planting, cutting off redundant leaves, compacting and compacting by fine soil when planting the seedlings, and pouring enough root fixing water after planting;
(6) field management: keeping the soil humidity at 65% within 15 days after planting the sugarcane seedlings; spraying 10% imidacloprid 2300-fold liquid in 10-12 months to prevent and control aphids.
Example 3
(1) Selecting seedlings: selecting healthy seedlings without diseases and insect pests as seedlings;
(2) land preparation and ditching: selecting a fertile, loose and conveniently irrigated land block as a sugarcane field, deeply ploughing, deeply loosening and finely harrowing the sugarcane field, and excavating sugarcane planting ditches along contour lines, wherein the ditch bottom is required to be flat, the soil blocks are finely crushed, the depth of the ditches is 45cm, the width of the ditch bottom is 35cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm;
(3) applying enough base fertilizer: mixing a compound fertilizer with the N-P-K ratio of 15-15-15 and a bio-organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:27, wherein the amount of the compound fertilizer is 48 kg/mu, the bio-organic fertilizer consists of 40 parts of cow dung, 23 parts of chicken manure, 9 parts of fly ash, 28 parts of bagasse and 7 parts of peanut oil residue, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by fully fermenting and curing saccharomycetes, the fertilizer is uniformly scattered into planting pits, and the fertilizer and soil are fully mixed to avoid excessive contact of the fertilizer with sugarcane seedlings, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the growth period of the sugarcane;
(4) installing a spray belt: before the sugarcane seedlings are planted, sprinkling irrigation is installed along sugarcane rows;
(5) planting: digging planting pits with the space of 40cm in sugarcane rows, planting sugarcane seedlings in the planting pits, planting wild peanuts in the row spaces, wherein the planting density of the wild peanuts is 15cm multiplied by 18cm, carrying out leaf cutting treatment on the sugarcane seedlings before planting, cutting off redundant leaves, compacting and compacting by fine soil when planting the seedlings, and pouring enough root fixing water after planting;
(6) field management: keeping the soil humidity at 62% within 15 days after planting the sugarcane seedlings; spraying 2500 times of 10% imidacloprid liquid in 10-12 months to prevent and control aphids.
The comparison results of the field management costs are shown in table 1, and it can be seen from table 1 that the total cost of examples 1-3 is significantly lower than that of the conventional planting method, and it is expected that the expenditure 198 (yuan/mu) can be saved, which indicates that the application of the method of the present invention has significant effects in reducing labor force and production cost.
TABLE 1 comparison of field management costs for applying the method of the present invention and conventional sugarcane seedling cultivation methods
Compared with the conventional sugarcane seedling cultivation method, the method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, has low cost, reduces the use of herbicide, reduces the adverse effect of the herbicide on the growth and development of the sugarcane seedlings, improves the quality of the sugarcane, reduces the seedling cultivation cost, reduces the labor force, and is suitable for popularization and application in the sugarcane seedling cultivation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any simple modifications and equivalents thereof, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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| CN113841579A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-28 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | A kind of sugarcane healthy seedling water and fertilizer integrated transplanting method |
| CN114158449A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for inducing biological nitrogen fixation of sugarcane |
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