CN112205386A

CN112205386A - Device for preventing and treating plateau mice and rabbits and use method

Info

Publication number: CN112205386A
Application number: CN202011013685.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭正刚; 杨鼎; 庞晓攀; 张静; 王倩
Original assignee: Lanzhou University
Current assignee: Lanzhou University
Priority date: 2020-09-24
Filing date: 2020-09-24
Publication date: 2021-01-12

Abstract

A device for preventing and treating plateau pika, the device is a cylindrical tube, the upper end of the cylindrical tube is sealed with an extension, which is used for rain protection; The bottom is sealed; the surface of the cylinder is designed with a grid, which can diffuse the smell of the medicine in the core of the cylinder; the bottom of the cylindrical cylinder is provided with sharp protrusions, such as long nails, fixing buckles, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the above-mentioned problems existing in the control of plateau pika in grassland, and to provide a device and method for effectively preventing and controlling plateau pika, so that the interference intensity of plateau pika can be controlled within a reasonable range. Conducive to maintaining grassland biodiversity, and biological control methods are pollution-free, environmentally friendly, and meet the needs of national development. At the same time, some studies have shown that a reasonable disturbance intensity of plateau pika is beneficial to grassland, but when the disturbance intensity of plateau pika is too large, it is not conducive to grassland. Therefore, reasonable and effective control of disturbance intensity of plateau pika is beneficial to the sustainable and healthy development of grassland. important meaning.

Description

Device for preventing and treating plateau mice and rabbits and use method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of pest control on grasslands, and particularly relates to a device for controlling plateau rabbits and a using method thereof.

Background

In recent years, under the background of artificial interference such as excessive grazing, excessive reclamation, excessive digging and the like and global climate warming, the ecosystem of the originally fragile alpine grassland is greatly changed, the structural composition of the grassland vegetation community is reduced, the structure is simplified, the habitat proportion suitable for the survival of underground rodents is gradually increased, and the problem of rat damage is obvious. The grassland mouse injury problem is the most main problem faced by the development and utilization of grassland resources in recent years in China, the influence distribution range is wide, the damage is continuous and is not easy to eliminate, the grassland resources and the productivity in China are seriously influenced so as to cause a grassland ecosystem, the total area of the grassland degeneration in China currently reaches about 70 percent, and the area of the grassland degeneration influenced by the mouse injury is still maintained at a higher level. According to the situation of the national grassland monitoring report published by Ministry of agriculture in nearly ten years (2008 + 2018), the total area of the rats in China and the numerical value and proportion occupying the total area of the national grassland are generally reduced but still kept at a high level of multiple occurrence and high harm, which shows that the problems of preventing and controlling the rats in the grassland in China still face huge challenges in recent years. The rat damage problem occurs frequently and the influence is profound.

The plateau mouse rabbit (Ochotona curzoniae) is a small rodent herbivore living on the common campsite peculiar to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and has an average body weight of about 150 g. Plateau rats and rabbits often generate a plurality of visible and non-uniform bare patches which are embedded and distributed on grasslands, and the existence of the bare patches can change the hydrothermal process of small rodent herbivore distribution areas, thereby influencing plant productivity and soil nutrient content. The plateau rat rabbits are regarded as an accelerator of grassland deterioration due to pasture ingestion and naked spot generation, the harm of plateau rat rabbits to a alpine meadow is reduced by adopting a poison-throwing killing means in China, and practice proves that the number of population of the plateau rat rabbits is not obviously reduced by multiple large-scale killing, but the number of natural enemies of rat rabbit predators such as hawks, weasels, Tibet foxes and the like is reduced, so that the number of the plateau rat rabbits is increased. In addition, the adaptivity of the plateau rat rabbits is strong, the breeding times are multiple, the period is short, the population quantity can be increased rapidly in a short period, the original scale can be recovered in the short period even after the rat is killed, and the rat killing effect cannot reach a hundred percent in the practical condition, so the plateau rat rabbits still take the prevention and treatment as the main.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems existing in the grassland control of the plateau rabbits, and provides a device and a use method for effectively controlling the plateau rabbits, so that the interference intensity of the plateau rabbits is controlled within a reasonable range, the biological control method is not only beneficial to maintaining the biological diversity of the grassland, but also nuisanceless and environment-friendly, and meets the national development requirements. Meanwhile, research shows that reasonable plateau rabbit interference strength is beneficial to grasslands, but the plateau rabbit interference strength is not beneficial to the grasslands when the plateau rabbit interference strength is too high, so that reasonable and effective control of the plateau rabbit interference strength has important significance on sustainable healthy development of the grasslands.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a device for biologically controlling rabbit in plateau, and then provides a method for using the device based on the characteristics of reasonable interference intensity of rabbit in plateau, which is favorable for maintaining the biological diversity of grassland. The invention relates to the following technical scheme:

1. the device for biologically preventing and treating the plateau mouse and rabbit mainly comprises two parts: 1) a degradable shell; 2) a biological control agent. The degradable shell mainly has the functions of preventing and treating the invasion of rainwater, making the pesticide lose function, and meanwhile, has a degradable function and is harmless to grasslands. The biological control medicament is mainly prepared by taking excrement of natural enemies of the plateau mice, Tibetan foxes, red tigers and the like as raw materials and then mixing the raw materials with gel and volatile colloid, has the main function of expelling the plateau mice and rabbits, keeps reasonable interference strength of the plateau mice and rabbits, has the slow release effect, and can try to control the plateau mice and rabbits.

2. The biological control characteristic of the invention is based on the evasion behavior of the plateau rat rabbit to the natural enemy odor.

3. The device of the invention is mainly paved in a plateau rat and rabbit sample plot with high interference intensity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a biological control device for plateau mice and rabbits in an embodiment 1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic overall view of an embodiment 2 of the biological control device for plateau mice and rabbits.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the whole of an embodiment 2 of the biological control device for plateau mice and rabbits.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a gas collection device in an embodiment 2 of a biological control device for plateau mice and rabbits.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a barrel structure of a biological control device for plateau mice and rabbits in embodiment 2.

FIG. 6 shows a biological control laying method of the biological control device for the plateau mouse and rabbit.

Wherein the base station 1, the clamping station 101, the outer cylinder 2, the inner cylinder 3, the spine 4, the gas-guide tube 5, the one-way valve 6, the gas disk 7 and the gas-collecting groove 8

Detailed Description

The device is paved on a high-interference strong grassland by taking the alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of the main habitat of the plateau mice and rabbits as a test sample plot. It should be noted that the determination of high interference strength is mainly based on two aspects, on one hand, based on the existing literature research, and on the other hand, based on the long-term field experiment experience of the inventor. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

A device for preventing and treating plateau mice and rabbits is characterized in that the device is a cylindrical barrel, and the upper end of the cylindrical barrel is sealed with an extension for preventing rain; the cylindrical barrel body is divided into an inner core and a barrel surface, the barrel core is hollow and can be used for placing a medicament, and the bottom of the barrel core is sealed; the cylinder surface is designed into a grid, and the smell of the medicine in the cylinder core can be diffused; the bottom of the cylindrical barrel is provided with sharp bulges, such as spikes, fixing buckles and the like, which play a role in fixing. The upper end of the cylindrical tube is in an unfolded umbrella shape. Thus, rainwater accumulation and corrosion can be better prevented; the medicament is a mixture of natural enemy odorants of the plateau mice and rabbits and gel. For convenience in obtaining the material, fox excrement can be mixed with gelatin. The whole material of the device is made of degradable material, so that the device is more environment-friendly and avoids the problem of recycling. When the device is used, the device is inserted into soil at a selected position.

Example 2

A device for preventing and treating plateau mice and rabbits is an improvement on the original device for preventing and treating plateau mice and rabbits in embodiment 1, the smell of the drug of the original device for preventing and treating plateau mice and rabbits is mainly diffused by natural volatilization and after being blown by wind, the dissipation range is limited, the drug is taken and placed, particularly when the smell test of different natural enemies is carried out, the device needs to be re-arranged, and the device is troublesome, so that the device is more convenient to improve.

The device includes, base station 1, card platform 101, barrel face 2, inner core 3, spine 4, air duct 5, check valve 6, gas dish 7, gas collecting tank 8, and card platform lower part is fluted for the inside and outside of joint barrel face to and the inner core, the design of barrel face is two-layer inside and outside, wherein and can take out the inner core design, conveniently changes different medicines like this. The device is wholly sealed for the bottom, and the lateral wall is netted, and upper portion is sealed through the base station, and base station center department runs through an air duct, and air duct one end is close the bobbin base portion, and other end through connection gas dish, a plurality of gas collecting tanks have been arranged all around to the gas dish, and the gas collecting tank is loudspeaker form setting, and the narrow end is connected with the gas dish, and inside sets up the check valve. According to the improved device, the upper end gas collecting groove can capture peripheral airflow to the maximum extent, the airflow enters the device through the gas guide pipe and overflows from the side face, and volatilization of the medicine is rapidly and uniformly achieved. The design of the check valve is that the check valve is added after a plurality of tests, air can only enter from a wide opening and cannot exit from a narrow opening, otherwise the air can escape in the air disk, and the effect is much worse. Since the device does not require a tight seal, the one-way valve can be constructed using a plastic cover, and the overall improvement is very cost effective.

Example 3

The effective area of use of each device is 245m²The use place is mainly aimed at the grassland with the plateau rat rabbits, the modification effective period is 4 months, and the grassland is generally used in the breeding season of the plateau rat rabbits (4-8 months), so the grassland is only needed to be put in once a year, and the grassland is selected to start in 4 months every year.

The breeding method has the advantages that the breeding method is used in the breeding season, so that the plateau mice rabbits are expelled, the normal breeding is disturbed, and the cub laying rate is reduced.

The effectiveness of the invention is further verified by taking the Tibet plateau alpine-fleabane meadow as a carrier and taking the plateau rat rabbit as an example, selecting three places with different climates and performing multi-point verification.

Further through multiple points in space, finally selecting a Luqu county, a Maqu county and a Hehe county as test places, weakening the influence of environmental factors, and simultaneously, in order to ensure the reliability of test results, each point selects a sample plot as the same meadow type which is a high mountain fleabane meadow, and the test sample plots are all terrain flat lands.

Further, in order to compare the effects of the device of the present invention on the plateau rabbit, 20 mice each of 35m × 35m (1225 m) were selected from the three study points²) The interference pattern of the rabbit according to the invention was selected based on the zone of rabbit encroachment (apparent rabbit activity and naked spots) of the rat, 10 of which were laid the device of the invention, the other 10 were used as controls, the laying device pattern and the control pattern were in a staggered pattern with a distance of about 1km between them to form a buffer zone. The effective openings of the rats represent the interference intensity of the rats, and the interference intensity of the rats between two groups has no significant difference.

Further, the effectiveness of the hole of the plateau rat is judged by adopting a continuous 3-day hole blocking method, so that the interference strength of the plateau rat in the sample plot is determined.

Further, a group of the three sites was randomly selected, and the biocontrol device was laid, and the method of laying was such that the device was laid in a "W" pattern, 5 for each plot.

Further, after the sample plot is laid, the number of effective holes of the plateau mouse rabbits is measured every 7 days, a continuous 3-day hole blocking method is adopted as the measuring method, and in order to avoid the influence of the continuous 3-day hole blocking method on the test, a 3-day hole blocking method is also carried out on the control sample plot.

Further, we obtained the effect of the modified device on the control of the plateau mouse rabbit (Table 1)

TABLE 1 influence of the spreading of the control device in the test sample plot on the number of effective holes of the plateau mouse rabbit

Further, as is clear from table 1, the treatment sample was not significantly different from the control sample before the installation was not performed (P >0.05), the just-treated sample and the sum-treated sample were not significantly different from the control sample at 7 days in the installation sample (P >0.05), but the just-treated sample and the sum-treated sample were significantly different in the dark (P <0.05), and the treatment sample was significantly different from the control sample at three sites at 14 days and 21 days in the installation sample (P < 0.05).

Further, in conclusion, the device and the method can effectively prevent and treat the mouse rabbits, and can effectively expel the mouse rabbits 14 days after the device is laid on the sample plot.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. a device for preventing and treating plateau pika, it is characterized in that, this device is a cylindrical tube, and the cylindrical tube upper end is sealed with extension, for rainproof; The cylindrical tube body is an inner core and a tube surface, and the tube core is hollow The medicine can be placed, and the bottom of the cylinder core is sealed; the cylinder surface is designed with a grid, which can diffuse the smell of the medicine in the cylinder core; the bottom of the cylindrical cylinder is provided with sharp protrusions, which play a fixed role.

2. A device for preventing and treating plateau pika according to claim 1, characterized in that the device comprises: abutment, clamping table, cylinder surface, inner core, spikes, airway, one-way valve, air disc , Gas collecting groove, there are grooves in the lower part of the clamping table, which are used for clamping the inner and outer sides of the cylinder surface, as well as the inner core. The cylinder surface is designed with two layers, the inner and outer layers, and the inner core is in the middle of the two layers and can be taken out; the top of the cylinder surface passes through the abutment. Sealing, an air guide tube runs through the center of the abutment. One end of the air guide tube is close to the bottom of the cylinder, and the other end is connected to the air plate. There are multiple air collecting grooves around the air plate. The disc is connected, and the check valve is set inside.

3 . The device for preventing and treating plateau pika according to claim 1 , wherein the upper end of the cylindrical tube is in the shape of an unfolded umbrella. 4 .

4 . The device for preventing and treating plateau pika according to claim 1 , wherein the medicament is a mixture of natural enemy odorant and gel of plateau pika. 5 .

5 . The device for preventing and treating plateau pika according to claim 1 , wherein the overall material of the device is degradable material. 6 .

6 . The device for preventing and treating plateau pika according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the cylindrical barrel is provided with sharp protrusions for use with long iron nails. 7 .

7. a method for preventing and treating plateau pika, it is characterized in that, using the device for preventing and treating plateau pika used in claim 1 or 2, the steps are:

1. Select the target area for prevention and control;

2. Laying biological control devices. The laying method is to lay the devices in a "W" shape, and lay 5 devices in each plot;

3. After laying the device, measure the number of effective holes in the plateau pika every 7 days.