Background
BOG (Boil-Off Gas, BOG for short) is generally generated in the natural Gas storage process, and is a low-temperature liquid obtained by liquefying a Gas under pressure below its critical temperature, and is evaporated due to difficulty in absolute heat insulation from the environment and absorption of external heat.
In the existing natural gas liquefaction process, the adopted heat exchanger is generally a plate-fin heat exchanger, and the mixed refrigerant is used for providing cold energy for the natural gas to liquefy the natural gas. However, as shown in fig. 3, such heat exchangers have many channels, large heat exchange load and complex structure. The natural gas storage process generally generates BOG gas, the utilization of the gas needs heating, an air heating mode is generally used, and the cooling energy of the BOG is not utilized in the process. Traditional plate heat exchanger only has two passageways, can only realize the heat transfer between two strands of commodity flows for when the natural gas liquefaction, can't provide cold volume for the natural gas at the mixed refrigerant, the cold volume of retrieving BOG again is used for the liquefaction.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: firstly, the structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the maintenance cost is high; and secondly, the natural gas cannot be liquefied and the BOG cold energy cannot be recovered at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger and a system thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger, natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger includes the casing and sets up a plurality of crisscross and not communicating passageway in the casing, one the passageway is used for carrying natural gas, one the passageway supplies the refrigerant circulation, and the surplus the passageway supplies the boil-off gas circulation, refrigerant and boil-off gas provide cold volume respectively and are used for liquefied natural gas for the passageway of carrying natural gas.
As a further scheme of the invention: the shell is provided with a plurality of interfaces matched with the channels.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the interface at least comprises a natural gas inlet, a natural gas outlet, an evaporated gas inlet, a refrigerant inlet, an evaporated gas outlet and a refrigerant outlet.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the conveying direction of the natural gas is different from the flowing direction of the refrigerant or the evaporated gas.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the number of the channels is 3, and the channels are respectively conveying channels for natural gas, refrigerants and evaporation gas.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the evaporation gas adopts methane or carbon dioxide.
As another technical scheme provided by the invention: a natural gas liquefaction heat exchange system comprises the natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger, and a plurality of natural gas liquefaction heat exchangers are connected in series and used for liquefying natural gas in stages to generate liquefied natural gas.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the natural gas liquefaction heat exchangers in the multiple liquefaction stages are respectively a precooling heat exchanger, an intercooling heat exchanger and a supercooling heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the natural gas is liquefied through the plurality of channels, and the cooling capacity of the BOG is recovered and used for liquefying the natural gas; moreover, the channel structure is adopted, so that the whole structure is simple, and the installation and the maintenance are easy.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger includes a shell 100 and a plurality of channels disposed in the shell 100 and staggered with each other and not communicated with each other, one of the channels is used for transporting natural gas, one of the channels is used for flowing a refrigerant, the remaining channels are used for flowing an evaporation gas, and the refrigerant and the evaporation gas respectively provide cold energy to the channel for transporting natural gas for liquefying natural gas.
Specifically, the shell 100 is provided with a plurality of interfaces matched with the channels, and during operation, the interfaces corresponding to the refrigerant are connected to the refrigerant circulation pipeline, the interfaces corresponding to the boil-off gas are connected to the boil-off gas circulation pipeline, and the interfaces corresponding to the natural gas are connected to the natural gas conveying pipeline; in the process of conveying the natural gas, the natural gas is cooled by cold energy provided by a refrigerant and the evaporated gas and is liquefied into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and the cold energy of the evaporated gas is obtained by recovering cold energy generated by natural evaporation of the natural gas in a channel for conveying the natural gas, so that the circulation amount of the refrigerant is reduced; therefore, compared with the traditional natural gas liquefaction process, the natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger not only liquefies natural gas, but also recovers the cooling capacity of BOG for natural gas liquefaction through the arranged channels; moreover, the whole structure is simple, the cost is low, the popularization is facilitated, and the installation and the maintenance are easy.
It should be noted that, a plate heat exchanger or a plate-fin heat exchanger is adopted in a conventional natural gas liquefaction process, as shown in fig. 3, the plate-fin heat exchanger includes side plates 7, guide fins 3 and heat transfer fins 4 which are staggered are fixed between the plurality of side plates 7, the heat transfer fins 4 are installed through partition plates 5, a seal 6 is arranged between the partition plates 5 and the side plates 7, two ends of the guide fins 3 are sealed through seal heads 2, a plurality of connection pipes 1 are arranged on the seal heads 2, and the connection pipes 1 are used for connecting a natural gas pipeline or a refrigerant pipeline. The structure is complex, and the heat exchanger is easy to damage; the replacement cost is high. Plate heat exchangers can only achieve heat exchange between two streams. When the BOG is used for liquefying natural gas, the BOG cold energy cannot be recovered for liquefying the natural gas while the mixed refrigerant provides the cold energy for the natural gas.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in another embodiment of the present invention, the interface at least includes a natural gas inlet, a natural gas outlet, an evaporation gas inlet, a refrigerant inlet, an evaporation gas outlet, and a refrigerant outlet.
Specifically, the refrigerant is mixed refrigerant, natural gas enters from a first natural gas inlet D1, and exits from a first natural gas outlet D2; the mixed refrigerant enters from a refrigerant inlet D32 and exits from a refrigerant outlet D42; BOG enters from BOG inlet D31 and exits from BOG outlet D41. Compared with the traditional plate heat exchanger, the plate heat exchanger has the advantages that one more channel is provided, the BOG cold energy can be recovered to help the natural gas liquefaction when the mixed refrigerant provides main cold energy for the natural gas liquefaction, the circulation quantity of the mixed refrigerant is reduced, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced.
In addition, in order to improve the efficiency, stability and safety of natural gas liquefaction, natural gas import, natural gas export are equipped with two respectively, promptly: the natural gas inlet D1, the natural gas outlet D2, the natural gas inlet H1 and the natural gas outlet H2; natural gas enters from the first natural gas inlet D1 or the second natural gas inlet H1 and exits from the first natural gas outlet D2 and/or the second natural gas outlet H2; the mixed refrigerant enters from a refrigerant inlet D32 and exits from a refrigerant outlet D42; BOG enters from BOG inlet D31 and exits from BOG outlet D41.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, the natural gas is transported in a direction different from the flowing direction of the refrigerant or the evaporation gas.
The three channels are arranged in the shell in a staggered mode, an included angle is formed between every two adjacent channels and is smaller than 60 degrees, the arrangement is convenient, cold energy exchange is fully carried out on mixed refrigerant (refrigerant) and Boil Off Gas (BOG) and natural gas in the circulating process, and the liquefaction efficiency of the natural gas is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, in another embodiment of the present invention, the number of the channels is 3, which are respectively the transportation channels of the natural gas, the refrigerant and the boil-off gas.
The natural gas, the refrigerant and the evaporated gas conveying channels are arranged in the shell in a mutually staggered mode, heat transfer in the natural gas liquefaction process is facilitated, and liquefaction efficiency and stability are improved.
Referring to fig. 1, in another embodiment of the present invention, the evaporation gas is methane or carbon dioxide.
Specifically, the refrigerant is mixed refrigerant, and the evaporation gas is methane; when the natural gas pipeline works, the interface corresponding to the refrigerant is connected into the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the interface corresponding to the evaporated gas is connected into the evaporated gas circulating pipeline, and the interface corresponding to the natural gas is connected into the natural gas conveying pipeline; in the process of conveying the natural gas, the mixed refrigerant and the methane circulate synchronously, and in the shell 100, the mixed refrigerant and the methane provide cold energy for cooling and liquefying to form Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), wherein the cold energy of the methane is obtained by recovering cold energy generated by natural evaporation of the natural gas in a channel for conveying the natural gas, so that the circulation quantity of the mixed refrigerant is reduced, and further, the energy consumption is reduced.
In practical application of the embodiment of the invention, the evaporation gas can also adopt carbon dioxide; when the natural gas pipeline works, the interface corresponding to the refrigerant is connected into the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the interface corresponding to the evaporated gas is connected into the evaporated gas circulating pipeline, and the interface corresponding to the natural gas is connected into the natural gas conveying pipeline; in the process of conveying the natural gas, the mixed refrigerant and the carbon dioxide circulate synchronously, and in the shell 100, the mixed refrigerant and the carbon dioxide provide cold energy for cooling and liquefying to form Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), wherein the cold energy of the carbon dioxide is obtained by recovering cold energy generated by natural evaporation of the natural gas in a channel for conveying the natural gas, so that the circulation quantity of the mixed refrigerant is reduced, and further, the energy consumption is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, a natural gas liquefaction heat exchange system includes the natural gas liquefaction heat exchanger as described above, and a plurality of the natural gas liquefaction heat exchangers are connected in series and used for liquefying natural gas in stages to generate liquefied natural gas.
Specifically, the natural gas liquefaction heat exchangers in the multiple liquefaction stages are respectively a precooling heat exchanger, an intercooling heat exchanger, a liquefaction heat exchanger and a supercooling heat exchanger.
When the natural gas pipeline works, the interface corresponding to the refrigerant is connected into the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the interface corresponding to the evaporated gas is connected into the evaporated gas circulating pipeline, and the interface corresponding to the natural gas is connected into the natural gas conveying pipeline; in the conveying process of the natural gas, the natural gas is cooled by cold energy provided by the refrigerant and the evaporated gas and is liquefied into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and the natural gas at the temperature of 30 ℃ sequentially passes through the precooling heat exchanger, the intercooling heat exchanger, the liquefying heat exchanger and the supercooling heat exchanger to generate the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at the temperature of 20 ℃. The cold energy of the two cold fluids is absorbed in the heat exchanger as a hot material flow to finally become LNG; the cold energy of the evaporated gas is obtained by recovering cold energy generated by natural evaporation of natural gas in a channel for conveying the natural gas, so that the circulation quantity of the mixed refrigerant is reduced; the energy consumption is reduced.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the natural gas pipeline works, the interface corresponding to the refrigerant is connected into the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the interface corresponding to the evaporated gas is connected into the evaporated gas circulating pipeline, and the interface corresponding to the natural gas is connected into the natural gas conveying pipeline; in the process of conveying the natural gas, the natural gas is cooled by the cold energy provided by the refrigerant and the evaporation gas in the shell 100 and is liquefied into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and the cold energy of the evaporation gas is obtained by recovering the cold energy generated by natural evaporation of the natural gas in the channel for conveying the natural gas, so that the circulation quantity of the refrigerant is reduced, and the energy consumption is further reduced.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.