CN112194331A - 一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂 - Google Patents
一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于强化黑臭河道底泥污染物去除的生物诱导剂，具体涉及以下组分：40～80％A组分，10～20％B组分，1～5％表面活性剂，0.5～3％稳定剂，1～3％增效剂，余量为水，A组分为乙酸钠，B组分为邻苯二甲酸，水杨酸中的一种或几种组成。该配方原理独特，同时生产加工简单，性质稳定，适合工业化生产和工程应用。该方法修复底泥彻底且效果好、成本低，解决现有技术中污染底泥难降解有机物修复困难，生物处理效果缓慢的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于底泥处理技术领域，具体涉及一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂，即一种用于人工诱导底泥中土著特异性菌群降解难降解有机污染物的组合制剂。
背景技术
河道作为城市水源的主要承载体，具备多种生态调节功能，但随着城镇化进程的扩大发展，城市人口增加，水污染治理措施和设备处理效果滞后，导致许多城市的河道直接成为工业、农业和生活污水排放的主要渠道和场所。大量高浓度废水排入河道并在底泥中形成淤积，形成严重的内源污染。目前，传统的底泥修复方法主要针对传统的有机污染或黑臭污染指标，而针对具有“致畸、致癌、致突变”严重危害的难降解有机物目前只能利用底泥中土著的微生物通过自然代谢的途径进行缓慢降解。然而，底泥土著微生物种群迥异，能够降解难降解有机物的特异性功能菌群亦有显著差异，所以如何提升底泥中能降解难降解有机物的功能菌群丰度增长并促进其快速降解难降解有机污染物成了目前底泥治理领域的技术难题。
乙酸钠，无色透明或白色颗粒结晶，相对密度：1.45(三水合物)，1.528 (无水物)，折光率：1.464，熔点(℃)324。在空气中可被风化，可燃。易溶于水，微溶于乙醇，不溶于乙醚；通常湿法制取的有醋酸的味道，水中发生水解。乙酸钠是目前已知的可以被微生物广泛利用的共基质的一种。
邻苯二甲酸，英文名为Phthalic acid，CAS号为88-99-3，分子式为C8H6O4，无色结晶或结晶性粉末，毒性LD50(mg/kg)：大鼠经口7900。两个羧基分别与苯环中相邻的两个碳原子相连而成的二元芳香羧，在应用中，可用邻苯二甲酸酐代替邻苯二甲酸，是合成树脂、纤维、药物等的原料。
水杨酸，分子式为C7H6O3，熔点(℃)：227，密度(g/mL，25/4℃)： 1.451，是植物柳树皮提取物，是一种天然的消炎药。常用的感冒药阿司匹林就是水杨酸的衍生物乙酰水杨酸钠，而对氨基水杨酸钠(PAS)则是一种常用的抗结核药物。微溶于冷水，易溶于热水，乙醇，乙醚和丙酮，溶于热苯。
现有技术未有报道采用前述物质或其组合用于诱导黑臭河道底泥去除污染物。
发明内容
为了克服现有微生物修复底泥技术的不足，本发明提供了一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂，即一种用于人工诱导底泥中土著特异性菌群降解难降解有机污染物的组合制剂，以促进底泥中能够降解难降解有机污染物的特异性菌群丰度增长。与不投加生物诱导剂或单独投加组分A乙酸钠生物诱导相比，组合制剂对底泥中难降解有机物高效降解菌群丰度的增长有明显的促进作用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂，具体包含以下组分：按质量计， 40～80％A组分，10～20％B组分，1～5％表面活性剂，0.5～3％稳定剂，1～3％增效剂，余量为水。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述的诱导剂，具体A组分为乙酸钠，所述的B组分具体为为邻苯二甲酸，水杨酸中的一种或两种组成。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述的表面活性剂具体为鼠李糖脂，曲拉通100，吐温80中的一种或几种。
通过本发明研究发现，乙酸钠作为底泥微生物的一级代谢基质为微生物提供充足的碳源和能源，诱导特异性微生物菌群代谢产生相应的酶来降解二级基质；组分B中溶解性有机酸有效促进微生物加氧酶加氧反应的正向进行；高分子表面活性剂有效促进难降解有机物增溶胶束直接被底泥微生物菌体利用。从而，协同增效的诱导并去除污染物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述稳定剂具体为乙二胺四乙酸二钠、膨润土、焦磷酸钠、和硝酸钠中的一种或者几种组成。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述的增效剂具体为甲醇，蔗糖，葡萄糖，淀粉，水稻秸秆中的一种或者几种组成。
本发明进一步提供了前述一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂在降解黑臭河道底泥中有机污染物的应用。
具体地，所述诱导剂有效促进底泥特异性菌群对难降解有机污染物的定向降解。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供了一种用于人工诱导底泥中土著特异性菌群降解难降解有机污染物的组合制剂，用于修复和控制底泥难降解有机物污染，具有以下的优点：
(1)与现有微生物修复底泥技术相比，本发明能够有效促进底泥特异性菌群对难降解有机污染物的定向降解，并且能够有效提升修复速率。
(2)与现有微生物修复底泥技术相比，本发明所述微生物诱导剂的引入不会带来额外的有机质污染。
(3)本发明定向诱导系数为2，属于明显诱导。
(4)本发明中组合制剂所涉及的主要组分A和组分B皆为平价易得的有机化合物，便宜易得，不引入额外的污染，具有极高的环境价值。
附图说明
图1，为本发明涉及的用于人工诱导底泥中土著特异性菌群降解难降解有机污染物的组合制剂作用过程示意图。
图2为实例1、2、3、4培养4个月后底泥微生物16S rDNA测序中门水平微生物种群丰度的对比分析结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明不局限于此。
实施例1：
0％乙酸钠，0％邻苯二甲酸，3％鼠李糖脂，2％膨润土，1％淀粉，余量为水。
实施例2：
10％乙酸钠，0％邻苯二甲酸，3％鼠李糖脂，2％膨润土，1％淀粉，余量为水。
实施例3：
40％乙酸钠，0％邻苯二甲酸，3％鼠李糖脂，2％膨润土，1％淀粉，余量为水。
实施例4：
40％乙酸钠，6％邻苯二甲酸，3％鼠李糖脂，2％膨润土，1％淀粉，余量为水。
实施例5：
(1)、实验设计
将上述涉及的原药按照实例比例制成组合水悬浮制剂，分别为实例1、实例 2、实例3、实例4。
(2)、试验方法
参照图1所示，采用血清瓶实验，将污染底泥和诱导制剂搅拌均匀，置于血清瓶底层，用蠕动泵泵入泥水比为1：1的上覆水，闭光培养4个月。
(3)、试验结果与分析
图2为实例1、2、3、4培养4个月后底泥微生物16S rDNA测序中门水平微生物种群丰度的对比分析结果。从图中可知，本发明涉及的人工诱导底泥中土著特异性菌群降解难降解有机污染物的组合制剂中组分A的加入定向诱导了某些菌群种群丰度的增加，且占比越大增加越明显，组分B的加入更进一步促进了这些菌群种群丰度的增加。经分析，增加的几类菌群皆为已经被报导过的底泥或污泥或水系中难降解有机物高效降解菌。
结论：尤其以实施例4的方案对于高效降解菌丰度的增加最为优异。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂，其特征在于，具体包含以下组分：按质量计，40～80％A组分，10～20％B组分，1～5％表面活性剂，0.5～3％稳定剂，
增效剂，余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的诱导剂，其特征在于，所述的A组分为乙酸钠，所述的B组分为邻苯二甲酸，水杨酸中的一种或两种组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的诱导剂，其特征在于：所述的表面活性剂为鼠李糖脂，曲拉通100，吐温80中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的诱导剂，其特征在于：所述稳定剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠、膨润土、焦磷酸钠、和硝酸钠中的一种或者几种组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的诱导剂，其特征在于：所述的增效剂为甲醇，蔗糖，葡萄糖，淀粉，水稻秸秆中的一种或者几种组成。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种黑臭河道底泥污染物去除生物诱导剂在降解黑臭河道底泥中有机污染物的应用。
7.根据权利要求6的应用，其特征在于，所述诱导剂有效促进底泥特异性菌群对难降解有机污染物的定向降解。
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