CN112180277B - Estimation method of direct current resistance of power battery - Google Patents
Estimation method of direct current resistance of power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112180277B CN112180277B CN202010962844.XA CN202010962844A CN112180277B CN 112180277 B CN112180277 B CN 112180277B CN 202010962844 A CN202010962844 A CN 202010962844A CN 112180277 B CN112180277 B CN 112180277B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011906 Death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for estimating direct current resistance of a power battery, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The method for estimating the direct current resistance of the power battery comprises the following steps: s1, providing a sample power battery; s2, circularly aging the sample power battery with a first constant current, and calculating to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the sample power battery; s3, regulating the sample power battery to a preset SOC, discharging with a second constant current, and calculating to obtain the direct current resistance retention rate of the sample power battery under the discharge capacity retention rate; s4, cycling the steps S2 and S3 to obtain a curve equation of the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current resistance retention rate; and S5, charging and discharging the power battery to be tested by using the first constant current to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the power battery to be tested, and estimating to obtain the direct current resistance value of the power battery to be tested. The estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method for estimating direct current resistance of a power battery.
Background
The power lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and wide temperature application range, and is widely and widely applied to the fields of new energy electric automobiles, electric ships, spacecrafts, modern energy storage equipment and the like. The direct current resistance of the power lithium ion battery has close relation with the health condition and charge and discharge performance of the battery. The increase of the direct current resistance of the power lithium ion battery can influence the exertion of the charge and discharge performance of the battery, thereby influencing the service life and the power behavior of the battery. Therefore, the measurement and calculation of the direct current resistance of the power lithium ion battery is very important for evaluating the health condition and the charge and discharge capacity of the battery, but the traditional estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery is low in efficiency and high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method for estimating the dc resistance of a power battery with high efficiency and low cost.
A method for estimating direct current resistance of a power battery comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a sample power battery, and obtaining an initial discharge capacity and an initial direct current resistance value of the sample power battery;
s2, circularly aging the sample power battery with a first constant current, then measuring the discharge capacity of the sample power battery, and calculating to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the sample power battery according to the initial discharge capacity;
s3, adjusting the sample power battery to a preset SOC, discharging with a second constant current, measuring a direct current resistance value of the sample power battery at the discharge capacity retention rate, and calculating according to the initial direct current resistance value to obtain the direct current resistance retention rate of the sample power battery at the discharge capacity retention rate;
s4, circulating the steps S2 and S3 to obtain direct current resistance retention rates of the sample power battery under a plurality of different discharge capacity retention rates, and fitting the discharge capacity retention rates with the direct current resistance retention rates to obtain a curve equation of the discharge capacity retention rates and the direct current resistance retention rates;
s5, charging and discharging the power battery to be tested by the first constant current to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the power battery to be tested, and estimating the DC resistance value of the power battery to be tested according to the curve equation and the initial DC resistance value of the sample power battery, wherein the technical parameters of the power battery to be tested and the technical parameters of the sample power battery are the same.
The traditional estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery needs longer temperature balance time and prolongs the test time; meanwhile, a high-precision testing instrument is used, and the testing cost is high. The estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery needs to circularly age the battery for a certain number of turns, and then the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery is recorded; and then regulating and controlling the SOC state of the battery, testing the direct current resistance retention rate under different discharge capacity retention rates, obtaining a relation curve equation between the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current discharge resistance growth rate through fitting, and estimating the direct current resistance value of the battery to be tested through the relation curve equation only by testing the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery to be tested. Therefore, the estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery does not need excessive temperature balance time and high-precision testing instruments, and has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and low cost.
In one embodiment, in the step of circularly aging the sample power battery with the first constant current, the number of circles is 100-6000 circles.
In one embodiment, the first constant current is less than the second constant current.
In one embodiment, the first constant current is 1C to 10C.
In one embodiment, the second constant current is 1C to 25C.
In one embodiment, the predetermined SOC is 10% to 90%.
In one embodiment, in the step of circularly aging the sample power battery with the first constant current, the ambient temperature of the sample power battery is T1, and in the step of charging and discharging the power battery to be tested with the first constant current, the ambient temperature of the power battery to be tested is T2, and the ambient temperature T1 of the sample power battery is equal to the ambient temperature T2 of the power battery to be tested.
In one embodiment, in the step of cyclically aging the sample power cell with a first constant current, the ambient temperature of the sample power cell is 25 ℃.
In one embodiment, in the step of circularly aging the sample power cell with the first constant current, the size and the temperature of the sample power cell need to be monitored in real time, and the step S3 is performed when the sample power cell rapidly expands or the surface temperature rises by more than 45 ℃.
In one embodiment, the sample power cell is selected from one of a lithium ion cell, a lead acid cell, a nickel chromium cell, and a nickel hydrogen cell.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the direct current resistance retention rate and the discharge capacity retention rate in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The method for estimating the direct current resistance of the power battery according to one embodiment comprises the following steps:
step S1: providing a sample power battery, and obtaining the initial discharge capacity and the initial direct current resistance value of the sample power battery.
Specifically, the sample power battery is selected from one of a lithium ion battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-chromium battery and a nickel-hydrogen battery. More specifically, the sample power cell is a lithium ion cell.
Step S2: and (3) circularly aging the sample power battery with a first constant current, then measuring the discharge capacity of the sample power battery, and calculating according to the initial discharge capacity to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the sample power battery.
The method comprises the following steps of performing cyclic aging on a sample power battery by using a first constant current: discharging the sample power battery to 2.8V, charging the sample power battery to 4.2V at a constant voltage under a first constant current, and then placing the sample power battery between 2.8V and 4.2V for charge-discharge cyclic aging. Wherein, between 2.8V and 4.2V, the sample power battery can obtain better cycle life. Further, the sample power battery is kept stand for 5min after full charge and full discharge, and polarization is properly eliminated, so that the sample power battery is stably and circularly attenuated.
The cyclic aging is to reduce the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery cell through charge and discharge cycles, so as to achieve the purpose of aging the battery cell.
Wherein, discharge capacity retention rate = discharge capacity/initial discharge capacity.
Further, in the step of cyclically aging the sample power cell at the first constant current, the number of cycles is 100 to 6000, which covers a critical application period from initial cycle stabilization to end-of-life of the cell. Specifically, the first constant current is 1C to 10C.
Further, in the step of circularly aging the sample power battery with the first constant current, the ambient temperature T1 of the sample power battery is 20-25 ℃. Still further, T1 is 25 ℃.
It should be noted that, in the process of circularly aging the sample power battery with the first constant current, real-time monitoring of the size and the temperature of the sample power battery is required. When the sample power cell expands sharply, or the surface temperature rises more than 45 deg.c, step S3 is performed. In the whole process, the discharge capacity change rate of the sample power battery is recorded.
Step S3: and regulating the sample power battery to a preset SOC, discharging with a second constant current, measuring the direct current resistance value of the sample power battery at the discharge capacity retention rate, and calculating according to the initial direct current resistance value to obtain the direct current resistance retention rate of the sample power battery at the discharge capacity retention rate.
Wherein, the direct current resistance retention rate at discharge capacity retention rate = the direct current resistance value at amplified capacity protection rate/initial direct current resistance value.
The SOC is a state of charge, and is defined as a ratio of the remaining capacity to the battery capacity, and is usually expressed as a percentage.
Further, the second constant current is greater than the first constant current. Specifically, the second constant current is 1C to 25C. The relatively large second constant current can fully polarize the power cells to objectively compare the internal changes of the battery.
Specifically, the predetermined SOC is 10% to 90%. More specifically, the predetermined SOC at which the power battery stability is relatively good is 50%.
In the step of charging and discharging the power battery to be tested by the first constant current, the ambient temperature T2 of the power battery to be tested is equal to the ambient temperature T1 of the power battery of the sample. Specifically, T2 is 20-25 ℃. More specifically, T2 is 25 ℃.
Step S4: and (3) circulating the steps S2 and S3 to obtain the direct current resistance retention rate of the sample power battery under a plurality of different discharge capacity retention rates, and fitting the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current resistance retention rate to obtain a curve equation of the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current resistance retention rate.
Step S5: and charging and discharging the power battery to be tested by using the first constant current to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the power battery to be tested, and estimating the DC resistance value of the power battery to be tested according to a curve equation and the initial DC resistance value of the power battery to be tested, wherein the technical parameters of the power battery to be tested are the same as those of the power battery to be tested.
Specifically, the power battery to be measured is selected from one of a lithium ion battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-chromium battery and a nickel-hydrogen battery.
The estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery has at least the following advantages:
1) The traditional estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery needs longer temperature balance time and prolongs the test time; meanwhile, a high-precision testing instrument is used, and the testing cost is high. The estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery needs to circularly age the battery for a certain number of turns, and then the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery is recorded; and then regulating and controlling the SOC state of the battery, testing the direct current resistance retention rate under different discharge capacity retention rates, obtaining a relation curve equation between the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current discharge resistance growth rate through fitting, and estimating the direct current resistance value of the battery to be tested through the relation curve equation only by testing the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery to be tested. Therefore, the estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery does not need excessive temperature balance time and high-precision testing instruments, and has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and low cost.
2) The estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery reduces the times of testing the resistance by high-current direct current discharge, and avoids irreversible damage to the battery caused by high-frequency high-current charge and discharge.
3) The estimation method of the direct current resistance of the power battery is derived from a fitting curve of cyclic aging, can be used for estimating the direct current resistance value under any discharge capacity retention rate, and has wide universality.
The following are the specific examples section:
example 1
The dc resistance estimation method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) Provided is an NCM ternary lithium ion battery, wherein the initial discharge capacity of the battery is 10Ah, and the initial direct current resistance value is 1.4443mΩ.
(2) Under the condition of 25 ℃, 3C constant current and constant voltage charge is carried out on an NCM ternary lithium ion battery, the upper limit of charging voltage is 4.2V, and the cut-off current is 0.05C; then, after the battery is kept stand for 5min, the battery is discharged by adopting the current intensity of 3C, and the discharge cut-off voltage is 2.8V. And (3) cycling the charge and discharge to obtain the discharge capacity of the battery, calculating the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery according to the initial discharge capacity, and recording the change characteristic of the battery capacity retention rate.
(3) When the discharge capacity retention rates of the above batteries reached 98.50%, 96.49%, 92.57%, 90.57%, 85.73%, 80.89% and 78.88%, respectively, the battery was put in a cabinet at 25 ℃ for 2 hours, so that the internal and external temperatures of the batteries were sufficiently balanced. And regulating the battery to a 50% SOC state by using 1C current, standing for 2 hours at normal temperature, and discharging the battery for 10s by adopting the current intensity of 250A to obtain direct current resistance values of the battery at the discharge capacity retention rates of 1.4062mΩ, 1.4001mΩ, 1.4894mΩ, 1.5829mΩ, 1.6643mΩ, 1.7060mΩ and 1.7666mΩ, wherein the direct current resistance retention rates are 97.36%, 96.94%, 103.12%, 109.59%, 115.23%, 118.12% and 122.31% respectively according to the initial direct current resistance values. And monitoring the temperature of the battery in the discharging process, so that the large-area temperature rise of the battery is lower than 45 ℃, and simultaneously, the voltage of the battery is higher than 2.8V, otherwise, stopping the test.
(4) Fitting the capacity retention rate and the increase rate of the direct current resistance to obtain a relation curve equation between the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current resistance retention rate, wherein y= -1.7037x 2 +1.6955x+0.9395，R 2 = 0.9718, where y represents the direct-current resistance retention rate, x represents the discharge capacity retention rate, and R represents the correlation coefficient. As particularly shown in fig. 1.
(5) Under the condition of 25 ℃, the NCM ternary lithium ion battery to be tested is charged with 3C constant current and constant voltage, the upper limit of charging voltage is 4.2V, and the cut-off current is 0.05C; then, after the battery is kept stand for 5min, the battery is discharged by adopting the current intensity of 3C, and the discharge cut-off voltage is 2.8V. And (3) circulating the charge and discharge to obtain the discharge capacity of the battery to be tested, calculating the discharge capacity retention rate of the battery to be tested according to the initial discharge capacity, substituting the discharge capacity retention rate into the relational curve equation to obtain the direct current resistance retention rate of the battery to be tested, and obtaining the direct current resistance value of the battery to be tested according to the initial direct current resistance value, wherein the technical parameters of the NCM ternary lithium ion battery to be tested are the same as those of the NCM ternary lithium ion battery to be tested.
And (3) testing:
the dc resistance values at which the discharge capacity retention rates of the batteries reached 97.49%, 94.94%, 90.57%, 88.48% and 83.22%, respectively, were estimated according to the relational equation in example 1, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in table 1, the dc resistance value of the battery at different discharge capacity retention rates was estimated by fitting a curve equation of the relationship between the discharge capacity retention rate and the dc resistance retention rate of the battery, and the error from the measured value was within 3%. After the method establishes a relation curve equation of the discharge capacity retention rate and the direct current resistance retention rate, the direct current resistance value of the battery to be measured can be estimated by only testing the discharge capacity retention rate of the electric measurement battery, so that the time for obtaining the direct current resistance values under different discharge capacity retention rates can be greatly shortened, and the economic cost is reduced.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for estimating the direct current resistance of the power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, providing a sample power battery, and obtaining an initial discharge capacity and an initial direct current resistance value of the sample power battery;
s2, circularly aging the sample power battery with a first constant current, then measuring the discharge capacity of the sample power battery, and calculating to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the sample power battery according to the initial discharge capacity;
s3, adjusting the sample power battery to a preset SOC, discharging with a second constant current, measuring a direct current resistance value of the sample power battery at the discharge capacity retention rate, and calculating according to the initial direct current resistance value to obtain the direct current resistance retention rate of the sample power battery at the discharge capacity retention rate;
s4, circulating the steps S2 and S3 to obtain direct current resistance retention rates of the sample power battery under a plurality of different discharge capacity retention rates, and fitting the discharge capacity retention rates with the direct current resistance retention rates to obtain a curve equation of the discharge capacity retention rates and the direct current resistance retention rates;
s5, charging and discharging the power battery to be tested by the first constant current to obtain the discharge capacity retention rate of the power battery to be tested, and estimating the DC resistance value of the power battery to be tested according to the curve equation and the initial DC resistance value of the sample power battery, wherein the technical parameters of the power battery to be tested and the technical parameters of the sample power battery are the same.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of cyclically aging the sample power cell with the first constant current, the number of cycles is 100 to 6000.
3. The method of estimating a dc resistance of a power cell according to claim 1, wherein the first constant current is smaller than the second constant current.
4. The method for estimating a direct current resistance of a power battery according to claim 1, wherein the first constant current is 1C to 10C.
5. The method for estimating a direct current resistance of a power battery according to claim 1, wherein the second constant current is 1C to 25C.
6. The method of estimating a direct current resistance of a power battery according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined SOC is 10% to 90%.
7. The method for estimating a dc resistance of a power battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step of circularly aging the sample power battery with a first constant current, an ambient temperature of the sample power battery is T1, and in the step of charging and discharging the power battery to be measured with the first constant current, the ambient temperature of the power battery to be measured is T2, and the ambient temperature T1 of the sample power battery is equal to the ambient temperature T2 of the power battery to be measured.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of cycling the sample power cell with a first constant current, the ambient temperature of the sample power cell is 25 ℃.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of cyclically aging the sample power cell with the first constant current, the size and temperature of the sample power cell need to be monitored in real time, and the step S3 is performed when the sample power cell expands sharply or the surface temperature rises more than 45 ℃.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample power cell is selected from one of a lithium ion cell, a lead acid cell, a nickel-chromium cell, and a nickel-hydrogen cell.
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