CN112175647A - Process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking - Google Patents
Process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于热裂解医疗废弃物可控高选择性转化制油的工艺和方法，所述工艺主要包括医疗废弃物压紧、热裂解、冷凝以及后续分离和处理工艺。本发明采用废气、部分油相产物为裂解炉的加热热源，通过控制加热废气、部分油相产物的流量实现裂解炉炉温的控制，实现特定程序升温过程，采用程序升温速率在0.1‑5℃/min实现稳定产气和高选择性产油的裂解过程。本发明采用热源流量控制的方式实现炉温程序升温和稳定产气，定向转化成油相产物的控制过程，操作简单方便，同时实现废弃物的定向转化成高附加值产品。具有很好的应用前景，符合绿色化工的发展趋势。
The invention discloses a process and method for the controllable and highly selective conversion of thermally cracked medical waste into oil. The process mainly includes medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation and subsequent separation and treatment processes. The invention adopts waste gas and part of oil phase products as the heating heat source of the cracking furnace, realizes the control of the furnace temperature of the cracking furnace by controlling the flow rate of the heating waste gas and part of the oil phase products, and realizes a specific temperature-programmed process. /min to realize the cracking process of stable gas production and high selective oil production. The invention adopts the method of heat source flow control to realize the control process of furnace temperature program heating, stable gas production, and directional conversion into oil phase products, which is simple and convenient to operate, and simultaneously realizes directional conversion of waste into high value-added products. It has good application prospects and is in line with the development trend of green chemical industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical waste treatment and the field of chemical production processes, and particularly relates to a process for controllably and selectively converting medical waste into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking, which is applied to a non-contact treatment process of medical waste.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the safe and harmless treatment of medical waste has attracted general attention of society. Particularly, since the outbreak of new crown blight, if the medical waste of the infected patients cannot be disposed of in-situ harmlessly, the virus is likely to be diffused again in the transferring and transporting process, so it is necessary to develop equipment and process for the harmlessness emergency disposal of the medical waste so as to rapidly and efficiently make the medical waste harmless.
The medical waste mainly comprises organic hydrocarbon, contains more combustible components, has high calorific value and low ash content, is suitable for being treated by adopting a pyrolysis technology, and pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and the like can thoroughly kill microorganisms at a high pyrolysis temperature, so that the harmless treatment requirement of the medical waste is met.
Medical waste contains hazardous/harmful waste (e.g., plastics, textiles, rubber gloves, needles, pathological waste from surgery and autopsy, and medical waste).
The main infectious waste which can be treated by pyrolysis refers to medical waste which carries pathogenic microorganisms and has the risk of causing transmission of infectious diseases, and comprises medical waste plastic products such as articles polluted by blood, body fluid and excrement of patients and garbage generated by infectious disease patients;
the types of plastics commonly used are: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), ABS plastic, etc., wherein polyethylene can be further classified into High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Carbonization (pyrolysis) is a waste treatment method developed in recent years, and the technology creates a new process flow through a plurality of traditional and mature technologies, is a medical waste treatment method which can thoroughly sterilize and recycle resources and has an obvious volume reduction effect, and is developed by considering the advanced countries abroad as a third-generation waste treatment technology.
The waste is completely converted into synthesis gas and recoverable solid residues at high temperature in a closed environment. Even the most complex organic compounds can be pyrolyzed under conditions of high temperature and long residence time. The carbonization process has the advantages of obvious volume reduction effect, good harmless effect, high resource degree and the like, and has great advantages compared with other medical waste disposal processes.
The pyrolysis treatment of the garbage is a process of utilizing the thermal instability of organic matter components in the garbage, heating the garbage under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen, and decomposing the garbage at high temperature to finally form combustible gas, liquid tar and a small amount of carbon-like residues. Generally, combustible medical waste can be treated in a pyrolysis mode.
Compared with the incineration technology widely applied at present, the process has the following obvious advantages: firstly, organic matter components of waste are converted into an available energy form in the pyrolysis process, gas, tar or semicoke and the like are generated and can be utilized according to different requirements, and only heat energy can be utilized in the incineration process; incineration is an exothermic process, and pyrolysis is an endothermic process; the main products of incineration are carbon dioxide and water; the main products of pyrolysis are combustible low-molecular compounds, hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and the like exist in gas state, organic matters such as methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and the like exist in liquid state, tar, solvent oil and the like exist in liquid state, and coke or carbon black mainly exists in solid state. Secondly, the pyrolysis technology can simplify pollution control: organic matters in the garbage are converted into storage energy mainly comprising fuel gas, fuel oil and coke through pyrolysis; because of anaerobic decomposition, the exhaust gas volume is small, which is beneficial to reducing the secondary pollution to the atmospheric environment, especially the oxygen-poor environment can inhibit the generation of dioxin, thereby reducing the generation amount of dioxin substances to the maximum extent and reducing the difficulty of firstly generating and then treating in the incineration process; most of harmful components such as sulfur, heavy metals and the like in the waste are fixed in the coke, so that the environmental pollution is further reduced; since the reducing conditions are maintained, Cr3+Does not convert into toxic Cr6+；NOXThe amount of production of (A) is small. Therefore, the construction and operation cost of tail purification facilities is saved, and the emission index of secondary pollution is still lower than that of incineration treatment.
The current research on thermal cracking medical waste is generally focused on equipment and catalysts (CN 108151033, CN 111253959 and the like), and few reports on how to adjust the production process to realize non-catalytic controllable oil production are reported.
At present, the thermal cracking medical waste process product is complex, the selectivity of gas with low added value is high, the thermal cracking process is uncontrollable, a catalyst is expensive, dangerous operation is easy to generate, and how to realize controllable high-selectivity conversion of the catalytic-free thermal cracking medical waste into oil is a very important problem.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the product is complex, the selectivity of gas with low added value is high, the thermal cracking process is uncontrollable, the catalyst is expensive, dangerous operation is easy to occur and the like in the conventional thermal cracking medical waste treatment process, the invention provides a process for controllably converting the catalytic thermal cracking medical waste into oil with high selectivity, and a technical route for producing the oil with high selectivity is realized by optimizing and reasonably controlling the production process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking is characterized in that the process does not need to add any catalyst, auxiliary agent and other substances for promoting and accelerating the cracking of the medical wastes; the thermal cracking refers to a thermal decomposition reaction process carried out under the condition of oxygen deficiency; the controllable reaction route is controllable in the process of treating the medical waste through thermal decomposition, and the medical waste is directionally converted into a specific product; the high-selectivity conversion into oil means that the selectivity of oil with high added value in the product in the process of treating medical waste through thermal decomposition is high; the process mainly comprises the following steps of medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation, subsequent separation and treatment:
(1) compressing medical wastes, namely performing microwave disinfection and crushing treatment on the medical wastes possibly carrying viruses (including new coronavirus), and reducing the porosity of the medical wastes and increasing the treatment capacity through a compressing device;
(2) conveying, namely conveying the compacted medical wastes into a thermal cracking kettle through a continuous conveying device;
(3) stirring, namely starting to rotate the heating furnace after a certain amount of compressed medical waste is filled, so as to ensure uniform heating and reduce the occurrence of local hot spots;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out temperature programming, starting to adopt thermal cracking oil as fuel oil to heat a cracking furnace, controlling the temperature rising rate by controlling the flow of the fuel oil, and heating the gas as the fuel after the gas is generated to provide a heat source; realizing a temperature programming process;
the intermittent operation is adopted, the medical waste to be treated is filled by the continuous pressing device, the medical waste is placed in the sealed cracking furnace through the furnace door of the sealed cracking furnace, and the programmed temperature rise is realized through the heat source control under the condition that the medical waste is poor in oxygen:
at the initial stage, the temperature is between room temperature and 200 ℃, and the heating rate is 1.0 ℃/min;
in the middle stage, the temperature is increased by 200 ℃ and 320 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 0.6 ℃/min;
at the later stage, the temperature is increased by 320 ℃ and 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, preferably 0.3 ℃/min;
the temperature of the thermal cracking reaction is controlled between 350 ℃ and 450 ℃;
(5) by observing the pressure of the condenser, when the pressure of the condenser is less than 15kpa, the reaction is considered to be finished, and the end point of thermal cracking is judged;
(6) cooling, and after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling the heating furnace to be below 100 ℃; collecting a sample, and weighing and metering; the products of thermal cracking include gas phase, oil phase, water phase and solids composition.
(7) Collecting an oil phase sample, a water phase sample and a solid phase sample, wherein the gas phase product is stored and stored in a storage tank for the next fuel use;
(8) oil-water separation, namely realizing oil-water separation through an oil-water separator;
(9) rectifying the oil phase; the oil phase product is simply separated by a rectification process, part of the oil phase product is used for the fuel for the next thermal cracking, and the heavy oil is sent to a related plant for processing;
(10) water phase treatment; the sewage is simply filtered and collected and then is sent to a sewage plant for centralized treatment.
Further, the thermal cracking refers to a thermal decomposition reaction process performed under an oxygen-deficient condition, the oxygen-deficient process refers to a process in which external air cannot enter a reaction system during the thermal cracking process, a small amount of air exists during the raw material filling process, the air can be ignored, and the air can be exhausted in a nitrogen replacement mode; the reaction conditions in the thermal cracking process are as follows: the reaction pressure is controlled to be 0.01-0.50MPa (absolute pressure), the heating rate is controlled to be 0.1-0.5 ℃/min, and the reaction temperature is controlled to be 350-450 ℃.
Further, the high-selectivity conversion into oil means that the selectivity of oil with a high added value in the product in the process of thermally decomposing and treating the medical waste is high, the product of thermally cracking the medical waste mainly comprises a gas phase, an oil phase, a water phase and solids, and the gas phase mainly comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, low-carbon olefin, alkane and the like; the water phase mainly comprises a large amount of water and a small amount of organic alcohols and acids; the oil phase is mainly composed of C9-C30The solid mainly comprises C, Si and metal oxide; wherein the oil phase is a product with relatively high added value, and the high-selectivity directional conversion of the oil phase product is realized by controlling the cracking process.
Further, the process mainly comprises the processes of medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation and subsequent separation and treatment, wherein the medical waste compaction mainly aims at ensuring the feeding and a certain filling amount of the medical waste under the condition of no contact; the main medical wastes which can be treated by pyrolysis are infectious wastes, which are medical wastes carrying pathogenic microorganisms and having the risk of causing transmission of infectious diseases, and include articles polluted by blood, body fluid and excrement of patients, medical waste plastic products such as garbage generated by infectious disease patients and the like, so that the infection risk is reduced, and the contact between people and the medical wastes is reduced.
Further, the process mainly comprises the processes of medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation and subsequent separation and treatment, wherein the waste compaction is mainly used for ensuring that the medical waste is fed under a non-contact condition; the thermal cracking process is to decompose the medical waste through heating without catalysis, and generally, the medical waste to be treated is heated to a specific temperature (350-.
Further, the process mainly comprises the processes of medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation and subsequent separation and treatment, wherein the condensation refers to the process of exchanging heat of reaction products generated by heating through a jacketed heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the products so as to condense part of the products;
further, the process mainly comprises the processes of medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation and subsequent separation and treatment, wherein the separation comprises gas-liquid separation, liquid-solid separation, oil-water separation in a liquid phase, separation of products with different boiling points in an oil phase, separation of solids with different particle sizes and the like in a condensed product;
further, the process mainly comprises the processes of medical waste compaction, thermal cracking, condensation and subsequent separation and treatment, wherein the treatment process refers to the treatment of waste residues, waste water and waste gas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the waste gas and partial oil phase products after the thermal cracking of the medical waste are used as combustion heat sources, and the process is internally circulated, so that the effects of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved. 2. The control of the furnace temperature of the cracking furnace is realized by controlling the flow of the heating waste gas and part of oil phase products, the specific programmed heating process is realized, and the effect of safe production is achieved. 3. The method has the advantages that the effects of stable gas production and high-selectivity oil production are realized through technological improvement such as temperature rise, the directional conversion of the thermal cracking process into oil-phase products is realized, the operation is simple and convenient, the directional conversion of wastes into high-added-value products is realized, the method has good application prospect, and the development trend of green chemical industry is met. 4. The process of the invention refers to a non-contact medical waste treatment process for high-selectivity conversion into oil-phase products, and realizes the control process of furnace temperature programmed temperature rise, stable gas production and directional conversion into oil-phase products by adopting a heat source flow control mode. 5. The invention is developed based on the characteristic of high infectivity of the novel coronavirus, but is not limited to be applied to the treatment of medical wastes of the high infectivity virus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a chromatogram of the oil phase product of example 1;
figure 2 is a chromatogram of the oil phase product of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be given numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations by those skilled in the art based on the teachings set forth above.
Example 1
The embodiment is used for a controllable high-selectivity oil conversion process of medical wastes without catalytic thermal cracking, and the whole set of medical wastes without catalytic thermal cracking device with the single treatment capacity of 20 tons is designed according to the process and is used for data acquisition of the cracking embodiment of the medical wastes without catalytic thermal cracking.
The production process comprises the following steps:
(1) compressing medical wastes, namely performing microwave disinfection and crushing treatment on the medical wastes possibly carrying viruses (including new coronavirus), and reducing the porosity of the medical wastes and increasing the treatment capacity through a compressing device;
(2) conveying, namely conveying the compressed medical wastes into a thermal cracking kettle through a continuous conveying device, filling 5.6 tons of medical wastes to be treated through the continuous compressing device, and sealing a furnace door of the cracking furnace;
(3) stirring, namely starting to rotate the heating furnace after a certain amount of compressed medical waste is filled, so as to ensure uniform heating and reduce the occurrence of local hot spots;
(4) the procedure intensification begins to adopt thermal cracking oil as the fuel to heat the pyrolysis furnace, realizes controlling the rate of heating up through controlling the fuel flow, treats behind the produced gas, heats up gas as the fuel, provides the heat source, through controlling fuel, gas flow, realizes the procedure intensification:
at the initial stage, the temperature is between room temperature and 200 ℃ (the temperature refers to the temperature in the furnace, and the same is true if not stated), and the heating rate is 1.0 ℃/min;
in the middle stage, the temperature is increased by 200 ℃ and 320 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 0.6 ℃/min;
at the later stage, the temperature is increased by 320 ℃ and 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.3 ℃/min. (ii) a
(5) Finishing the reaction, namely finishing the reaction when the pressure of the condenser is less than 15kpa, and judging the finishing end point of thermal cracking;
(6) cooling, and after the reaction is finished, naturally cooling the heating furnace to be below 100 ℃;
(7) collecting oil phase, water phase and solid phase samples, wherein the gas phase products are stored and stored in a storage tank, and the samples are collected, weighed and measured when the fuel is used next time;
(8) oil-water separation, namely realizing oil-water separation through an oil-water separator;
(9) rectifying the oil phase; the oil phase product is simply separated by a rectification process, part of the oil phase product is used for the fuel for the next thermal cracking, and the heavy oil is sent to a related plant for processing;
(10) water phase treatment; the sewage is simply filtered and collected and then is sent to a sewage plant for centralized treatment.
Distribution of products after reaction: 404 kg of an aqueous phase; 1202 kg of oil phase; 715 kg of residue in the solid phase; 656 kg of carbon black in solid; the rest is gas.
The water phase is close to the amount of water entrained in the raw medical waste.
Example 2
The medical waste cracking apparatus was the same as in example 1.
The production process comprises the following steps: the process is an intermittent operation, 5.6 tons of medical waste to be treated is filled by a continuous pressing device, the furnace door of the cracking furnace is sealed, and the oil phase C of the early cracking product is adopted9-C20The distillate is used as fuel oil heat source. By controlling the fuel flow, the temperature programming is realized:
at the initial stage, the temperature is between room temperature and 200 ℃, and the heating rate is 1.5 ℃/min;
in the middle stage, 200 ℃ and 320 ℃, the heating rate is 1.2 ℃/min;
at the later stage, the temperature is increased by 320 ℃ and 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min.
The end point of thermal cracking was determined by observing the pressure in the condenser. Gas generation is started at the temperature of about 300 ℃, and the generated waste gas is used as a heating source of the cracking furnace by controlling the pressure and the flow meter of the gas collector. The control of the furnace temperature is realized by controlling the flow of waste gas and the flow of fuel oil.
And after the reaction is finished, collecting a sample, and weighing and metering.
Distribution of products after reaction: 421 kg of water phase; 379 kg of oil phase; 687 kg of residue in solid phase; 620 kg of carbon black in solid; the rest is gas.
The water phase is close to the amount of water entrained in the raw medical waste.
Example 3
The medical waste cracking apparatus was the same as in example 1.
The production process comprises the following steps: the process is an intermittent operation, 5.6 tons of medical waste to be treated is filled by a continuous pressing device, the furnace door of the cracking furnace is sealed, and the oil phase C of the early cracking product is adopted9-C20The distillate is used as fuel oil heat source. By controlling the fuel flow, constant temperature rise is realized: the heating rate is 1.5 ℃/min.
The end point of thermal cracking was determined by observing the pressure in the condenser. Gas generation is started at the temperature of about 300 ℃, and the generated waste gas is used as a heating source of the cracking furnace by controlling the pressure and the flow meter of the gas collector. The control of the furnace temperature is realized by controlling the flow of waste gas and the flow of fuel oil. The temperature in the furnace is not easy to control in the later stage of cracking.
And after the reaction is finished, collecting a sample, and weighing and metering.
Distribution of products after reaction: 417 kg of an aqueous phase; 318 kg of oil phase; 677 kg of residue in the solid phase; 613 kg of carbon black in the solid; the rest is gas.
The water phase is close to the amount of water entrained in the raw medical waste.
Example 4
The medical waste cracking apparatus was the same as in example 1.
The production process comprises the following steps: the process is an intermittent operation, 5.6 tons of medical waste to be treated is filled by a continuous pressing device, the furnace door of the cracking furnace is sealed, and the oil phase C of the early cracking product is adopted9-C20The distillate is used as fuel oil heat source. By controlling the fuel flow, constant temperature rise is realized: the heating rate is 1.0 ℃/min.
The end point of thermal cracking was determined by observing the pressure in the condenser. Gas generation is started at the temperature of about 300 ℃, and the generated waste gas is used as a heating source of the cracking furnace by controlling the pressure and the flow meter of the gas collector. The control of the furnace temperature is realized by controlling the flow of waste gas and the flow of fuel oil.
And after the reaction is finished, collecting a sample, and weighing and metering.
Distribution of products after reaction: 423 kg of an aqueous phase; 407 kg of oil phase; 736 kg of residue in the solid phase; 642 kg of carbon black in solid; the rest is gas.
The water phase is close to the amount of water entrained in the raw medical waste.
Example 5
The medical waste cracking apparatus was the same as in example 1.
The production process comprises the following steps: the process is an intermittent operation, 5.6 tons of medical waste to be treated is filled by a continuous pressing device, the furnace door of the cracking furnace is sealed, and the oil phase C of the early cracking product is adopted9-C20The distillate is used as fuel oil heat source. By controlling the fuel flow, constant temperature rise is realized: the heating rate is 0.6 ℃/min.
The end point of thermal cracking was determined by observing the pressure in the condenser. Gas generation is started at the temperature of about 300 ℃, and the generated waste gas is used as a heating source of the cracking furnace by controlling the pressure and the flow meter of the gas collector. The control of the furnace temperature is realized by controlling the flow of waste gas and the flow of fuel oil.
And after the reaction is finished, collecting a sample, and weighing and metering.
Distribution of products after reaction: 418 kg of aqueous phase; 825 kg of oil phase; 734 kg of residue in the solid phase; 645 kg of carbon black in solids; the rest is gas.
The water phase is close to the amount of water entrained in the raw medical waste.
Example 6
The medical waste cracking apparatus was the same as in example 1.
The production process comprises the following steps: the process is an intermittent operation, 5.6 tons of medical waste to be treated is filled by a continuous pressing device, the furnace door of the cracking furnace is sealed, and the oil phase of a cracking product at the early stage is adoptedC9-C20The distillate is used as fuel oil heat source. By controlling the fuel flow, constant temperature rise is realized: the heating rate is 0.3 ℃/min.
The end point of thermal cracking was determined by observing the pressure in the condenser. Gas generation is started at the temperature of about 300 ℃, and the generated waste gas is used as a heating source of the cracking furnace by controlling the pressure and the flow meter of the gas collector. The control of the furnace temperature is realized by controlling the flow of waste gas and the flow of fuel oil.
And after the reaction is finished, collecting a sample, and weighing and metering.
Distribution of products after reaction: 411 kg of aqueous phase; oil phase 1241 kg; 712 kg of residue in the solid phase; 637 kg of carbon black in solid; the rest is gas.
The water phase is close to the amount of water entrained in the raw medical waste.
Comparative examples 1-3 the results of the product distribution are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 examples 1-6 product distribution results
As can be seen from Table 1, in example 2 (initial phase, room temperature to 200 ℃, heating rate of 1.5 ℃/min; middle phase, 200-.
Similarly, in the example 1 (the initial stage, the room temperature is between 200 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 1.0 ℃/min; the middle stage, the temperature rise rate is 0.6 ℃/min; the 320 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 0.3 ℃/min; and the later stage, the temperature rise rate is 450 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 0.3 ℃/min), compared with the example 2 (the initial stage, the room temperature is between 200 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 1.5 ℃/min; the middle stage, the temperature rise rate is 320 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 1.2 ℃/min; and the later stage, the temperature rise rate is 450 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 0.8 ℃/min), the influence of the fast and slow temperature rise rate on.
Similarly, in example 4 (constant temperature rise rate of 1.0 ℃/min), compared with examples 5 (constant temperature rise rate of 0.6 ℃/min) and 6 (constant temperature rise rate of 0.3 ℃/min), the selectivity of the oil phase product is greatly influenced by the speed of the temperature rise rate, the temperature rise rate is low, and the selectivity of the oil phase product is high. Examples 4, 5, 6 compare with example 1, and show that the early temperature rise rate and the medium temperature rise rate have small influence on the oil phase product and large influence on the later period; considering the energy consumption, the lower the temperature rise rate, the longer the time to reach the cracking temperature, the more fuel is needed, and the higher the energy consumption, and considering comprehensively, the temperature programmed in the embodiment 1 is selected to meet the requirement of green production better.
To confirm that the liquid phase products were similar in composition in the different examples, the oil phase compositions were analyzed, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the results of the analyses showed that both samples were predominantly C9-C30The compositions of the two samples are close.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
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| CN1528467A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-09-15 | 周鼎力 | Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material |
| CN102454997A (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-05-16 | 天津市津南振兴实业有限公司 | High-thermal-cracking-rate burning processing and secondary pollutant eliminating method of medical wastes |
| CN103666505A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 周鼎力 | Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1528467A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-09-15 | 周鼎力 | Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material |
| CN102454997A (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-05-16 | 天津市津南振兴实业有限公司 | High-thermal-cracking-rate burning processing and secondary pollutant eliminating method of medical wastes |
| CN103666505A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 周鼎力 | Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118308132A (en) * | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 潍坊金信达生物化工有限公司 | Cracking oil production method for kitchen waste plastics |
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