Three-fork type internal fixing device for treating femoral neck fracture
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a three-fork type internal fixing device for treating femoral neck fracture.
Background
The femoral neck fracture is a fracture type which is common in clinic and frequently occurs in osteoporosis crowds, the incidence rate of the femoral neck fracture is high and accounts for about 3.6% of the total fracture, at present, a multi-screw fixing method is adopted to treat the femoral neck fracture in order to prevent femoral head rotation during fixing, however, a plurality of femoral neck locking screws of the method are mutually independent, restriction relations among the screws are lacked, the screws are easy to shift, in addition, the plurality of femoral neck locking screws are positioned right above and below in a position relation, a plurality of femoral neck locking screws form a wedge shape which is similar to a small upper part and a large lower part on a sagittal longitudinal plane, and stress is mostly concentrated on the top end of the wedge shape, so that the plurality of femoral neck screws can cut the femoral head like the wedge, and internal fixation failure is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-fork type internal fixing device for treating femoral neck fracture, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problems of femoral head rotation, femoral head cutting and locking screw displacement of the conventional internal fixing device for treating femoral neck fracture.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a three-fork type internal fixation device for treating femoral neck fracture comprises a side fixing plate, a first femoral neck locking screw, a second femoral neck locking screw, a third femoral neck locking screw and a femoral shaft fixing screw, wherein the shape of the inner side surface of the side fixing plate is matched with the anatomical shape of the outer side of the proximal femur, the inner side surface of the side fixing plate is attached to the outer side of the proximal femur, the side fixing plate is provided with a first thread locking hole, a second thread locking hole, a third thread locking hole and a fixing hole which are respectively matched with the first femoral neck locking screw, the second femoral neck locking screw, the third femoral neck locking screw and the femoral shaft fixing screw, the head end of the first femoral neck locking screw passes through the first thread locking hole and then is fixed into a femoral neck, the first femoral neck locking screw is provided with a first side hole and a second side hole, the first side hole and the second side hole are respectively provided with internal threads, the head end of a second femoral neck locking screw sequentially passes through a second thread locking hole and a first side hole and then is fixed in the femoral head through the femoral neck, the second femoral neck locking screw is in threaded connection with the first side hole, the head end of a third femoral neck locking screw sequentially passes through a third thread locking hole and the second side hole and then is fixed in the femoral head through the femoral neck, the third femoral neck locking screw is in threaded connection with the second side hole, the tip of the head end of the first femoral neck locking screw is pointed, the tip of the head end of the second femoral neck locking screw and the tip of the head end of the third femoral neck locking screw are positioned on the same horizontal plane and are distributed in a triangular shape, the head end of the femoral shaft fixing screw penetrates through the fixing hole and then is fixed on the femoral shaft, and the tail end of the first femoral neck locking screw, the tail end of the second femoral neck locking screw, the tail end of the third femoral neck locking screw and the tail end of the femoral shaft fixing screw are respectively in threaded connection with the side fixing plate.
The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the invention:
the sleeve can be fixedly connected to the inner side face of the side fixing plate corresponding to the first lock hole, the head end of the first femoral neck locking screw penetrates through the first thread locking hole and the sleeve in sequence and then is fixed to the femoral head through the femoral neck, and the first femoral neck locking screw corresponding to the outer side of the sleeve is provided with a first side hole and a second side hole.
The second thread locking hole and the third thread locking hole can be respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the first thread locking hole, the first thread locking hole inclines towards the upper right, the included angle between the axis of the first thread locking hole and the lateral fixing plate is 120-130 degrees, the second thread locking hole inclines towards the upper right rear side, and the third thread locking hole inclines towards the upper right front side.
The included angle between the axis of the first thread locking hole and the lateral fixing plate can be 127 degrees.
Above-mentioned three-fork internal fixation device of treatment femoral neck fracture can still include two fourth femoral neck locking screws, it sets up and the fourth screw locking hole that the axis is parallel to each other around being equipped with two on the side fixed plate that corresponds first screw locking hole top position, two fourth femoral neck locking screw head ends are fixed to the femoral head through the femoral neck after passing corresponding fourth screw locking hole respectively, fourth femoral neck locking screw tail end and side fixed plate threaded connection, fourth femoral neck locking screw is perpendicular with the broken bone line, first femoral neck locking screw, second femoral neck locking screw and third femoral neck locking screw all are located between two fourth femoral neck locking screws.
The first femoral neck locking screw can be a solid screw with threads at both ends of the head and the tail, and the second femoral neck locking screw and the third femoral neck locking screw are hollow screws with threads at both ends of the head and the tail.
The invention has reasonable and compact structure, and can effectively prevent the rotation of the femoral head, the collapse of the femoral neck, the inversion deformity and the displacement of the screw by self-interconnecting and locking of the three femoral neck locking screws and the lateral fixing plate, and can effectively prevent the cutting of the femoral head because the tip points of the head ends of the three femoral neck screws are distributed on the same horizontal plane in a triangular manner and the three femoral neck screws respectively bear partial stress which is uniformly dispersed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the side fixing plate according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The codes in the figures are respectively: the femoral neck fixing device comprises a lateral fixing plate 1, a first femoral neck locking screw 2, a second femoral neck locking screw 3, a third femoral neck locking screw 4, a femoral shaft fixing screw 5, a first thread locking hole 6, a second thread locking hole 7, a third thread locking hole 8, a fixing hole 9, a first side hole 10, a second side hole 11, a sleeve 12, a fourth femoral neck locking screw 13 and a fourth thread locking hole 14.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
In the present invention, for convenience of description, the description of the relative positional relationship of the components is described according to the layout pattern of fig. 1 of the specification, such as: the positional relationship of front, rear, upper, lower, left, right, etc. is determined in accordance with the layout direction of the drawings of the specification.
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and figures:
as shown in attached figures 1 and 2, the three-fork type internal fixation device for treating femoral neck fracture comprises a side fixing plate 1, a first femoral neck locking screw 2, a second femoral neck locking screw 3, a third femoral neck locking screw 4 and a femoral shaft fixing screw 5, wherein the inner side surface of the side fixing plate 1 is matched with the anatomical form of the proximal femur, the inner side surface of the side fixing plate 1 is attached to the outer side of the proximal femur, a first thread locking hole 6, a second thread locking hole 7, a third thread locking hole 8 and a fixing hole 9 which are respectively matched with the first femoral neck locking screw 2, the second femoral neck locking screw 3, the third femoral neck locking screw 4 and the femoral shaft fixing screw 5 are arranged on the side fixing plate 1, the head end of the first femoral neck locking screw 2 passes through the first thread locking hole 6 and then is fixed into the femoral head through the femoral neck, a first side hole 10 and a second side hole 11 are arranged on the first femoral neck locking screw 2, internal threads are respectively arranged in the first lateral hole 10 and the second lateral hole 11, the head end of a second femoral neck locking screw 3 sequentially passes through a second thread locking hole 7, the first lateral hole 10 and then is fixed in a femoral head through a femoral neck, the second femoral neck locking screw 3 is in threaded connection with the first lateral hole 10, the head end of a third femoral neck locking screw 4 sequentially passes through a third thread locking hole 8 and the second lateral hole 11 and then is fixed in the femoral head through the femoral neck, the third femoral neck locking screw 4 is in threaded connection with the second lateral hole 11, the head end sharp point of the first femoral neck locking screw 2, the head end sharp point of the second femoral neck locking screw 3 and the head end sharp point of the third femoral neck locking screw 4 are positioned on the same horizontal plane and distributed in a triangular mode, the head end of a femoral neck fixing screw 5 passes through a fixing hole 9 and then is fixed on the femoral neck, the tail end of the first femoral neck locking screw 2 and the tail end of the second femoral, The tail end of the third femoral neck locking screw 4 and the tail end of the femoral shaft fixing screw 5 are respectively in threaded connection with the side fixing plate 1.
The shape of the inner side surface of the side fixing plate 1 is matched with the anatomical shape of the outer side of the proximal femur, so that the side fixing plate 1 can be well attached to the outer side of the proximal femur, the tail ends of the first femoral neck locking screw 2, the second femoral neck locking screw 3 and the third femoral neck locking screw 4 are respectively locked with the side fixing plate 1 together, the head ends of the first femoral neck locking screw 2, the second femoral neck locking screw 3 and the third femoral neck locking screw 4 are respectively fixed in the femoral head through the femoral neck, the second femoral neck locking screw 3 and the third femoral neck locking screw 4 are respectively in threaded connection with the first femoral neck locking screw 2, namely, the three femoral neck locking screws are mutually connected and locked, and the three femoral neck locking screws are respectively locked with the side fixing plate 1 to form a mechanically stable three-dimensional space structure, thereby not only being capable of effectively preventing the rotation of the femoral head, the collapse of the, In the embodiment, the femoral shaft fixing screws 5 are two, two fixing holes 9 which are distributed up and down are arranged on the lateral fixing plate 1, and the two femoral shaft fixing screws 5 are respectively fixed on the femoral shaft after penetrating through the corresponding fixing holes 9, so that the connection strength between the lateral fixing plate 1 and the femoral shaft is ensured.
The three-fork type internal fixing device for treating femoral neck fracture can be further optimized or/and improved according to actual needs:
as shown in fig. 1, a sleeve 12 is fixedly connected to an inner side surface of the side fixing plate 1 corresponding to the first locking hole, a head end of a first femoral neck locking screw 2 sequentially passes through the first threaded locking hole 6 and the sleeve 12 and then is fixed to a femoral head through the femoral neck, and a first side hole 10 and a second side hole 11 are formed in the first femoral neck locking screw 2 corresponding to the outer side of the sleeve 12. Therefore, the holding force between the first femoral neck locking screw 2 and the lateral fixing plate 1 is increased, the stability of the whole structure is improved, the nail placing direction of the first femoral neck locking screw 2 can be guided, and rapid nail placing is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 1, the second thread locking hole 7 and the third thread locking hole 8 are respectively located on the front side and the rear side of the first thread locking hole 6, the first thread locking hole 6 is inclined to the upper right, an included angle between the axis of the first thread locking hole 6 and the lateral fixing plate 1 is 120 degrees to 130 degrees, the second thread locking hole 7 is inclined to the upper rear right, and the third thread locking hole 8 is inclined to the upper front right.
As shown in fig. 1, the included angle between the axis of the first screw locking hole 6 and the side fixing plate 1 is 127 degrees.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-pronged internal fixation device for treating femoral neck fracture further includes two fourth femoral neck locking screws 13, two fourth threaded locking holes 14 which are arranged in front and back and have axes parallel to each other are arranged on the side fixing plate 1 corresponding to the position above the first threaded locking hole 6, the head ends of the two fourth femoral neck locking screws 13 respectively penetrate through the corresponding fourth threaded locking holes 14 and then are fixed to the femoral head through the femoral neck, the tail end of the fourth femoral neck locking screw 13 is in threaded connection with the side fixing plate 1, the fourth femoral neck locking screw 13 is perpendicular to the fracture line, and the first femoral neck locking screw 2, the second femoral neck locking screw 3 and the third femoral neck locking screw 4 are all located between the two fourth femoral neck locking screws 13. The stress of the femoral head can be further shared by the arrangement of the fourth femoral neck locking screw 13, and the functions of tension and shear resistance are achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the first femoral neck locking screw 2 is a solid screw with threads at both ends, and the second femoral neck locking screw 3 and the third femoral neck locking screw 4 are hollow screws with threads at both ends.
The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and best implementation effect, and unnecessary technical features can be increased or decreased according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.