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CN112147262B - 一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法 - Google Patents

一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法 Download PDF

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CN112147262B
CN112147262B CN202011203127.5A CN202011203127A CN112147262B CN 112147262 B CN112147262 B CN 112147262B CN 202011203127 A CN202011203127 A CN 202011203127A CN 112147262 B CN112147262 B CN 112147262B
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尹晶
张光弟
张浩宇
石伟
王江龙
贾毅男
张昆明
柳璇璇
杨文丽
谢玉芬
俞晓艳
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Yinchuan Kehai Biotechnology Co ltd
Ningxia University
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Abstract

本发明提出一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法,涉及快速分析检测技术领域。该方法以乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、异戊醇、芳樟醇、双戊烯作为熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的标志物。本发明主要用于熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的鉴别。该方法前处理简单且分离效果好,检测时间短,30min内可检测完成,方法可行性高,本方法可通过挥发性物质的特征标记物,实现快速、准确地鉴别熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹。

Description

一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品科学领域,具体涉及一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法。
背景技术
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)隶属于节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)、十足目(Decapoda)、方蟹科(Grapsidae)、绒螯蟹属(Eriocheir),俗称河蟹、毛蟹、清水蟹、大闸蟹或螃蟹,是我国重要的经济蟹类之一。其肉味鲜美,富含有丰富的维生素,历来被视为上品。
鲜活中华绒螯蟹蟹肉中水分含量高、组织脆弱、天然免疫物质少、不饱和脂肪酸易氧化及可溶性蛋白质含量高,比一般的动物肉组织容易腐败,故多采用冷冻贮藏,实现最大程度地抑制或减缓与蟹肉腐败变质相关的生理生化反应。然而,长时间冷冻贮藏过程中,由于蛋白质氧化、脂肪氧化、微生物及冰晶的传热传质等因素导致的劣变效果叠加,会显著降低蟹的食用品质以及营养成分等。
目前,大闸蟹在市面上主要以鲜活蟹和冷冻蟹两种形式出售,而鲜活蟹由于季节性及保鲜成本等影响,相对售价较高。许多餐厅内会提供清蒸大闸蟹等相关菜品,并以鲜活大闸蟹直接清蒸保留原汁原味、味道鲜美、营养丰富等为卖点,定位较高价格。然而,由于所售蟹为熟制蟹,单从外观上无法进行鉴别其为鲜活蟹还是冷冻蟹熟制而得。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法,利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用技术,筛选熟制鲜活蟹与熟制冷冻蟹的蟹肉中挥发性特征成分,根据样品中特征性成分,快速鉴别熟制鲜活蟹与熟制冷冻蟹。
本发明提出一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法,以乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、异戊醇、芳樟醇、双戊烯作为熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的标志物。
进一步地,利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析方法,通过标志物所对应的峰体积进行鉴别。
进一步地,熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹标志物的峰体积分别为乙酸乙酯49.689-58.406、苯甲醛656.683-1341.943、异戊醇814.294-919.537、芳樟醇327.997-739.066、双戊烯145.795-153.683;当待测中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉中含上述标志物且峰体积分别在对应峰体积范围内,则为熟制鲜活的中华绒螯蟹。
具体而言,所述熟制中华绒螯蟹为直接清水蒸制中华绒螯蟹而得。
进一步地,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析前,进行样品前处理。
进一步地,所述样品前处理具体为:取熟制中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉,剪碎后,得待测样品。
进一步地,所述熟制中华绒螯蟹包括熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹或熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹。
进一步地,所述蟹肉包括足部蟹肉或腹部蟹肉中至少一种。
进一步地,气相色谱-离子迁移谱的进样方式采用孵化后顶空进样;
进一步地,顶空进样的条件为:
顶空孵化温度:45℃;孵育时间:20min;进样量:500μL;不分流模式;加热方式:震荡加热;进样针温度:85℃孵育转速:500rpm。
进一步地,气相色谱的测定条件为:
分析时间:30min;色谱柱类型:FS-SE-54-CB-1.15m×0.68mmAD×0.53mm ID;色谱柱温度40℃;载气:高纯氮气;IMS探测器温度:45℃。
进一步地,离子迁移谱的测定条件为:
漂移管温度:80℃;漂移气流速:150mL/min;色谱载气流速程序设定为:0至2分钟,2mL/min;2至10分钟,从2mL/min上升到10mL/min;10至20分钟,从10mL/min上升到100mL/min;20至30分钟,从100mL/min上升到150mL/min。采用不分流模式,清洗时间10min。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明提供一种快速、可靠的鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯的方法,根据蟹肉中挥发性化合物差异分析方法,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用技术,分析仪检测熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉中挥发性化合物,根据反应离子峰的峰体积找到潜在的特征标记物。通过鉴别样品中挥发性有机物质的成分及含量,快速鉴别熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹。
该方法前处理简单且分离效果好,检测时间短,30min内完成测定,且方法可行性高,可通过挥发性物质特征标记物,实现快速、准确地鉴别熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹,具有一定的市场价值。
附图说明
图1熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的气相离子迁移谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例及附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本发明采用的设备包括:气相色谱-离子迁移谱联用仪;万分之一AL204型电子分析天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海))。
实施例1:基于挥发性物质鉴别熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的方法
(1)样品前处理
A、从采集的中华绒螯蟹中随机挑选30只雌体或雄体,流水冲洗,清洗水温度不超过5℃,用毛巾吸干蟹体表面水分,随机选取15只,蒸锅中放入0.5L蒸馏水后加热,水煮沸后,将蟹放入蒸皿中保持20min。蒸制结束后,将蟹取出,于25℃室温条件下冷却,取出每只蟹的足部蟹肉和腹部蟹肉组织,混匀。得到熟制鲜活样品;称取2g于样品瓶中,一个样品两次平行;
B、从采集的中华绒螯蟹中随机挑选5只雌体或雄体,流水冲洗,清洗水温度不超过5℃,用毛巾吸干蟹体表面水分。置于-18℃冰箱,冻藏数月后取出解冻20min,蒸锅中放入0.5L蒸馏水后加热,水煮沸后,将蟹放入蒸皿中保持20min。蒸制结束后,将蟹取出,于25℃室温条件下冷却,取出每只蟹的足部蟹肉和腹部蟹肉组织,混匀。得到熟制冷冻样品;称取2g于样品瓶中,一个样品两次平行;
(2)GC-IMS测定条件
a)气相-离子迁移谱单元
分析时间:30min;色谱柱类型:FS-SE-54-CB-1.15m×0.68mmAD×0.53mm ID,色谱柱温度:40℃;载气:高纯氮气(纯度≥99.999%);IMS探测器温度45℃。
自动顶空进样条件
顶空孵育温度:45℃;孵育时间:20min;进样体积:5000μL,不分流模式;加热方式:振荡加热;进样针温度85℃;孵育转速:500rmp。
气相色谱条件
漂移气流速(E1):150mL/min;气相载气流速程序设定为(E2):0至2分钟,2mL/min;2至10分钟,从2mL/min上升到10mL/min;10至20分钟,从10mL/min上升到100mL/min;20至30分钟,从100mL/min上升到150mL/min。清洗时间10min。
b)熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉挥发性化合物的测定
将步骤(1)中称取的样品放置至样品盘,按步骤(2)进行分析测定。
(3)结果与分析
挥发性物质定性分析:利用LAV(Laboratory Analytical Viewer)进行熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹之间挥发性有机物的差异图谱分析。利用GC-IMS Library Search软件,对样品中各未知挥发性成分的定性由软件内置的2014年NIST气相保留指数数据库及IMS数据库进行二维定性,结果见图1和表1。其中,表1数据为两次平行试验的平均值。
如表1所示,熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的差异性挥发性物质定性分析的信息包括:化合物名称、GAS号、保留指数、保留时间、迁移时间、不同样品峰体积等信息,各物质的峰体积不同,代表物质在不同样品间存在差异。
根据挥发性物质气相色谱保留时间和IMS迁移时间定性出熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉特征挥发性组分共43种(包含部分物质的二聚体),主要有醇9种,酯9种,醛8种,酮4种,酚3种,其他4种。其中,本实施例随机筛选得到的熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹的特征性成分差异较大,且熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹中的特征标记物异戊醛、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、异戊醇、芳樟醇、双戊烯所对应的峰体积均在特征标记物范围内,故可证明该方法有效。
表1熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹蟹的定性挥发性化合物
Figure BDA0002756112240000041
Figure BDA0002756112240000051
以上对本发明所提供的一种基于挥发性物质鉴别熟制鲜活与熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹蟹肉的方法进行了详细介绍。本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (6)

1.一种鉴别熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的方法,以乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、异戊醇、芳樟醇、双戊烯作为熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹的标志物;
利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析方法,通过标志物所对应的峰面积进行鉴别;
气相色谱-离子迁移谱的进样方式采用孵化后顶空进样;
顶空进样的条件为:
顶空孵化温度:45℃;孵育时间:20min;进样量:500μL;不分流模式;加热方式:震荡加热;进样针温度:85℃孵育转速:500rpm;
气相色谱的测定条件为:
分析时间:30min;色谱柱类型:FS-SE-54-CB-1.15m×0.68mmAD×0.53mm ID;色谱柱温度40℃;载气:高纯氮气;IMS探测器温度:45℃;
离子迁移谱的测定条件为:
漂移管温度:80℃;漂移气流速:150mL/min;色谱载气流速程序设定为:0至2分钟,2mL/min;2至10分钟,从2mL/min上升到10mL/min;10至20分钟,从10mL/min上升到100mL/min;20至30分钟,从100mL/min上升到150mL/min;采用不分流模式,清洗时间10min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹标志物的峰面积分别为乙酸乙酯49.689-58.406、苯甲醛656.683-1341.943、异戊醇814.294-919.537、芳樟醇327.997-739.066、双戊烯145.795-153.683;当待测中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉中含上述标志物且峰面积分别在对应峰面积范围内,则为熟制鲜活的中华绒螯蟹。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹为直接隔清水蒸熟的中华绒螯蟹。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析前,进行样品前处理;
所述样品前处理具体为:取熟制中华绒螯蟹的蟹肉,剪碎后,得待测样品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述熟制中华绒螯蟹包括熟制鲜活中华绒螯蟹或熟制冷冻中华绒螯蟹。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述蟹肉包括足部蟹肉或腹部蟹肉中至少一种。
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