CN112136769A - Method for cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and application for cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse. The method adopts the method of cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse; The earthworm seedlings are put into the ridge soil at a rate of 30 kg per mu of field. After 7 to 10 days of earthworms, vegetables or crops are planted; in the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, the plastic sheet or glass window on the top of the greenhouse is closed during the day and opened at night to allow the The purpose of dew entering the soil surface in the greenhouse and cooling; when the temperature reaches above 30℃ in summer, cover the top layer of the greenhouse with shade cloth; choose to harvest earthworms in spring or autumn when the local temperature is 20-25℃. The invention ensures that large earthworms can survive in the greenhouse, realizes the large-scale cultivation of earthworms with high yield and high production efficiency, improves the soil quality of the greenhouse, and increases the yield of vegetables or crops.

Description

Method for cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse.

Background technique

With the rapid development of modern agriculture, a large number of various types of greenhouses have been established for the cultivation of high-quality and off-season vegetables and various crops. In order to accelerate the improvement of soil fertility to increase crop yields, agrochemical fertilizers are used in large quantities. Over time, the soil organic matter in the greenhouse has become lower and lower, the aggregate structure of the soil has been seriously damaged, and the degree of soil compaction has become higher and higher. This situation is catastrophic for agricultural land. In order to change the development of this unfavorable situation, some places currently use small red earthworms (such as Daping No. 2) on the surface, and use their excrement to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. However, with this method, it takes at least 3 years or longer to cultivate red earthworms to produce a certain amount of manure to improve soil fertility. And after 2 to 3 years of land planting, when the fertility is exhausted, the method of breeding red earthworms must be repeated to improve soil fertility. The living activities of the two red earthworms only stay in the soil about 5 cm of the soil surface, so this method does not play any role in improving the fertility and structure of the soil below the surface.

In the past, some people tried to breed large earthworms in greenhouses, but because large earthworms are accustomed to wild habits, they have relatively high requirements for living conditions. The environment formed by the existing greenhouse structure does not meet the living conditions of large earthworms, so that a large number of earthworms die and cannot be Survive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse, ensuring that the large earthworms can survive in the greenhouse, realizing the large-scale cultivation of earthworms with high yield and high production efficiency, and improving the soil quality of the greenhouse, improving vegetables or crop yield.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is:

The invention provides a method for cultivating Chinese medicinal earthworms in a greenhouse and planting crops, comprising the following steps:

1) Breeding site construction: Use greenhouses to raise large earthworms and grow vegetables or crops and other crops. The plastic sheets or glass windows on the top of the greenhouses can be opened and closed to both sides; Spray the soil to keep the soil humidity in the greenhouse up to 70-80%;

2) Earthworm feed preparation: mix animal manure, vegetable residue leaves, crop straw pulverized evenly, and use EM bacteria to ferment the piles for later use; (fermentation method: 1000 kilograms of cow dung plus 200 kilograms of straw, and then add EM fermentation bacteria. Plant 0.3 kg mixed and stacked, covered with plastic film. Adjust the moisture content of fermented cow dung to 40-65%. Reserve after half a month). Worm bed construction: sprinkle the prepared earthworm feed on the soil according to the amount of 7-8Kg//m ^2t soil and carry out soil ploughing, and then form a ridge;

3) Putting earthworm seedlings: Put healthy and fresh earthworm seedlings into the soil of the field ridges, and the time of putting in is from late April to mid-May, or from late October to mid-November; The field is 30-40 kg; the earthworms put in are large earthworms, the body length is between 130 and 250 mm, and the body diameter is between 5 and 10 mm;

4) Crop planting: 7 to 10 days after putting earthworms in, plant vegetables or crops, harvest, then plant vegetables or crops, harvest, and cycle in turn;

5) Management: In the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, close the plastic sheeting or glass window on the top of the greenhouse during the day and open it at night to allow dew to enter the soil surface in the greenhouse and cool down; in summer, when the temperature reaches above 30℃ On sunny days, cover the top of the greenhouse with a shade cloth, and turn on the spray device to spray water to assist in cooling;

6) Harvesting of crops: Harvest according to the maturity time of crops;

7) Harvesting of earthworms: harvesting earthworms for more than 1 year; the harvesting method is selected to be carried out in spring or autumn when the local temperature is 20-25 ℃. Choose large earthworms for use, and small earthworms stay in the soil to continue to grow.

Further, the present invention is also provided with a roller-blind porous sunshade cloth on the top layer of the greenhouse, which can be rolled out or rolled up as needed. In summer, when the temperature reaches 30°C on sunny days, the porous sunshade cloth on the top layer of the greenhouse is put down.

Preferably, in step 3), the animal manure can be selected from one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, duck manure, chicken manure, and rabbit manure.

Preferably, in step 3), the amount of earthworm feed is 7.5 kg/m ² .

Preferably, the species of the earthworm that is put in in step 4) of the present invention is a medicinal earthworm, selected from one or more of William's ringworm, common ringer's worm, Ctenophora blind ringworm, and ginseng ringworm, William's ringworm The hairworm, the common ring hairworm, and the blind ring hairworm are all Hudilong species, and the ginseng ring hairworm is the Guangdilong species. Preferably, in step 4), the amount of earthworms put in is 30 kilograms per mu of field.

In step 5) of the present invention, the varieties of planting vegetables or crops must meet the varieties that can grow well under the condition of underground humidity of 70-80%, such as one of green vegetables, celery, cauliflower, leeks, taro, corn, etc. variety.

Preferably, step 5) earthworm harvesting: harvesting earthworms that have been cultivated for at least 2 years.

When constructing a worm bed, the ridge height is set according to different vegetables or crop varieties, and the ridge spacing is set according to the area of the greenhouse and the crop variety. Generally, the ridge height is 5 to 10 cm, and the ridge spacing is 25 to 35 cm.

The present invention preferentially breeds medicinal earthworms, such as the worms of William's ring, the vulgaris of the common ring of worms, the worms of the blind ring of the worms and the worms of the ginseng ring. Other non-medicinal earthworms can be used as long as the body length is between 130 and 250mm and the body diameter is between 5 and 10mm. The earthworms put in must be fresh and active, and the body should not be damaged in any way. The earthworms placed in the same field may be of one species, or multiple species that meet the above conditions.

In the present invention, the earthworms can be harvested after being cultivated in the field for one year, but in order to further improve the soil quality and improve the soil fertility, the earthworms are generally harvested after 2 or 3 years.

The present invention also provides the application of utilizing large earthworms in reducing soil compaction in greenhouses. The large earthworms have a body length of 130-250 mm and a body diameter of 5-10 mm.

Further, the large earthworm is selected from one or more of William Ringworms, Common Ringworms, Ctopia Ringworms, and Ginseng Ringworms.

The invention cultivates large earthworms in greenhouses, such as large medicinal earthworms, such as Pheretima. Guillelmi, whose body length is 150-250 mm and body diameter is about 6-9 mm. 20 ~ 30cm into the soil, rising to the ground at night to defecate, relying on its uninterrupted movement to loosen the soil, change the soil compaction and improve the soil aggregate structure. At the same time, the excrement it continuously discharges is a high-quality fertilizer, which improves the fertility of the soil, prevents soil compaction, maintains and restores the aggregate structure of the soil, and can achieve the purpose of increasing crop yield.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

According to the living habits of large earthworms, the present invention changes the existing greenhouse structure. The top layer of the greenhouse used for cultivation is designed as a plastic sheet or glass window that can be opened to both sides. The plastic sheet or glass window is closed during the day and opened at night to allow dew Entering the soil surface in the greenhouse, large earthworms will burrow out of the soil surface at night to feed on dew and food, which greatly improves the survival rate of earthworms. In view of the fact that earthworms cannot adapt to high temperature conditions, after the temperature rises to 30 °C, cover the top of the greenhouse with a sunshade cloth or open the top of the greenhouse to prevent the sun from rising. Usually, the switch of the spray device is used to keep the humidity of the soil in the greenhouse at 70-80%, which is the humidity range suitable for the growth of earthworms.

The staple food of the earthworm for traditional Chinese medicine of the present invention is animal manure such as cow dung, pig dung, vegetable residue leaves, and fermented feed of crop straw, and the fermented feed after adding the above substances to the soil provides the fertilizer required for the growth of vegetables or crops. At the same time, the large earthworms raised in the soil in the greenhouse have a large amount of exercise. The large earthworms enter the soil during the day and rise to the ground at night to loosen the soil. Together with its excrement, the soil volume ratio can be significantly reduced, which can greatly improve the deep soil board. To solve the problem of accumulation, improve the soil of the greenhouse.

The method provided by the invention can cultivate large earthworms, such as medicinal earthworms, while planting vegetables or crops, overcomes the problem that large earthworms can only survive in the wild and cannot be cultivated in large quantities, ensures that large earthworms can survive in greenhouses, and realizes high yield of earthworms, Large-scale farming with high production efficiency can effectively ensure the survival rate of earthworm farming, and the cost is low; at the same time, the soil quality of the greenhouse is improved, the soil is fertile, and the yield of vegetables and crops grown in the greenhouse is greatly increased.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example

(1) Construction of breeding sites

In a greenhouse with a length of 40 meters, a width of 8 meters and a height of 3 meters, there is a skeleton of stainless steel with a width of 2 meters and a height of 2 meters. The top layer is made of two pieces of plastic 40 meters long and 4.2 meters wide. Covered with cloth, the plastic cloth in the middle overlaps each other by 0.2 meters. 2 pieces of plastic sheets can be rolled 3 meters from the middle to the 2 sides, and there is a space of 6 meters in the middle. The rest of the greenhouse is surrounded by plastic sheets, and there is a retractable agricultural shade cloth above the greenhouse. Two spraying devices are installed 1.5 meters above both sides.

(2) Preparation of earthworm feed

Fermentation method: 1000 kg of cow dung plus 200 kg of straw, plus 0.3 kg of EM fermentation strains, mixed and stacked, covered with plastic film. The moisture content of fermented cow dung should be controlled at 40-65%. Reserve after half a month.

(3) Worm bed construction

There is a 1-meter working road in the middle of the land in the greenhouse, 0.3 meters of open space is left on both sides, and a 3.2-meter ridge is formed on both sides. The soil height is 10 cm, and the fermented cow dung is 7-8 kg per square meter. and mixed with ridge soil.

(4) Earthworm placement and management

In mid-April, the spraying device was turned on to make the soil humidity in the ridge reach 80%, and the fresh, active, and uninjured worms, common worms, thorn blind worms, and ginseng worms were removed. One or more of the hair worms are carefully scattered on the surface of the ridge in the amount of 30 kg per mu of land on the soil surface, and soon the earthworms slowly burrow into the soil. In the next few days, observe the humidity of the soil, and properly spray water to maintain the humidity in the state of 70-80%.

In the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn of the year, close the plastic sheet or glass window on the top of the greenhouse during the day and open it at night to allow dew to enter the soil surface in the greenhouse and cool down; The roof of the greenhouse is covered with a shade cloth, and the spray device is turned on to spray water to assist in cooling.

(5) Vegetable planting and harvesting

After 7 to 10 days of putting earthworms in, plant celery in late April, after harvesting celery in August, plant cauliflower in September, and harvest cauliflower in February of the following year. Closed in March. The second round of planting began in April.

In April of the second year, the soil bulk density and fertility, as well as the comparison of crop yield and uncultivated earthworms, were tested, and the results were as follows: the bulk density of the soil at a depth of 15 cm was determined to increase from 1.5g/cm ³ to 1.3g/cm ³ , and the soil organic matter increased from 0.91 % increased to 1.5%.

In April, earthworms were dug out and weighed, and the amount of earthworms obtained was calculated as 60 kg per mu of field, and the output of earthworms doubled compared with last year.

The yield of parsley increased from 4,000 jin per mu to 5,400 jin, an increase of 20%; the yield of cauliflower increased from 4,500 jin per mu to 4,800 jin, an increase of 20%. The taste of crops grown in earthworm farming areas has improved, and the price has also increased. The price of celery entering the market has increased from 0.8 yuan per catty to 1.38 yuan, an increase of 15%; the price of cauliflower entering the market has increased from 0.80 yuan per catty to 0.96 yuan per catty. , an increase of 20%.

Claims (10)

1. a method for cultivating large earthworms and planting crops in a greenhouse, comprising the steps: 1) Breeding site construction: Large earthworms and crops are cultivated in greenhouses. The plastic sheets or glass windows on the top of the greenhouses can be opened and closed on both sides; Keep the soil humidity in the greenhouse up to 70-80%; 2) Earthworm feed preparation: mix animal manure and/or vegetable residue leaves and crop straw pulverized material well, and use EM bacteria to ferment the piles for later use; 3) Worm bed construction: the prepared earthworm feed is sprinkled on the soil in an amount of 7.0-8.0 Kg/m ² and the soil is ploughed, and then strips are formed to form ridges; 4) Putting earthworm seedlings: put healthy and fresh earthworm seedlings into the soil of the field ridge, and the time of putting in is from late April to mid-May, or from late October to mid-November; 20 ~ 50Kg of field calculation; the earthworms put in are large earthworms, the body length is between 130 and 250mm, and the body diameter is between 5 and 10mm; 5) Crop planting: 7 to 10 days after putting earthworms in, plant vegetables and/or crops, harvest, then plant vegetables and/or crops, harvest, and cycle in turn; 6) Management: In the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, close the plastic sheet or glass window on the top of the greenhouse during the day and open it at night to let the dew enter the soil surface in the greenhouse; in summer, when the temperature reaches 30°C on sunny days, the top layer of the greenhouse is closed. Cover the sunshade cloth and turn on the spray device to spray water to assist in cooling; 7) Crop Harvesting: Harvest according to the maturity time of crops; 8) Harvesting of earthworms: harvesting earthworms for more than 1 year; the harvesting method is selected to be carried out in spring or autumn when the local temperature is 20-25 °C. After the crops are harvested, a large number of earthworms can be obtained by turning the soil. Choose large earthworms for use, and small earthworms stay in the soil to continue to grow. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the top layer of the greenhouse is further provided with a roller shutter type porous sunshade cloth. 3 . 3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of animal feces and/or vegetable residues, crop straw pulverized material and EM bacteria in step 2) is: 1000:200:0.3. 4 . 4. method according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, in step 2), described animal excrement is selected from cow excrement, pig excrement, chicken excrement, sheep excrement, duck excrement, chicken excrement, rabbit excrement. one or more. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 3), the amount of earthworm feed is 5.5Kg/m ² -8.5Kg/m ² . 6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the kind of the earthworm that step 4) throws in is selected from a kind of in William's ring hairworm, common ring hairworm, Ctenophobia ring hairworm, ginseng ring hairworm. variety. 7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4), described earthworm throwing amount is 20～60Kg per mu of field. 8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5), the vegetables of planting, crops are one or more in green cabbage, celery, cauliflower, chives, taro, corn. 9. An application of utilizing a large earthworm in reducing soil compaction in a greenhouse, wherein the large earthworm has a body length of 130-250 mm and a body diameter of 5-10 mm. 10. application according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described large earthworm is selected from one or more in Wilhelminian ringworm, popular ringworm, comb blind ringworm, ginseng ringworm.