CN112134017B - Decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on metamaterial and metamaterial - Google Patents
Decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on metamaterial and metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN112134017B CN112134017B CN202010769708.9A CN202010769708A CN112134017B CN 112134017 B CN112134017 B CN 112134017B CN 202010769708 A CN202010769708 A CN 202010769708A CN 112134017 B CN112134017 B CN 112134017B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on a metamaterial and the metamaterial; the airborne array antenna comprises a reflecting plate and a plurality of vibrators arranged on the reflecting plate in an array manner; at least one metamaterial is arranged between at least two vibrators; each metamaterial comprises a dielectric substrate and a plurality of microstructure units arranged on the dielectric substrate in an array manner, and at least one control element is arranged in each microstructure unit; the method comprises the following steps: and regulating and controlling the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of a plurality of microstructure units to change the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial, so as to regulate the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna (for example, reduce the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna) and improve the actual communication effect of the airborne array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on a metamaterial and the metamaterial.
Background
The working bandwidth and the installation space of the airborne array antenna are limited, and strict requirements on miniaturization, tight arrangement and decoupling of the antenna are met.
Conventional on-board array antenna decoupling approaches include the use of decoupling networks, the addition of parasitic structures, the use of neutral wires, the use of defective floors, the use of electromagnetic bandgap structures, and the like. However, the above approaches have certain limitations: the use of decoupling networks can lead to reduced bandwidth of the overall antenna system, increased parasitic structures are usually only aimed at specific antenna array morphologies, and partial designs can increase the antenna system profile; the use of a neutralizing line is associated with a particular feed pattern; the use of a defective floor may cause deterioration of the front-to-rear ratio index of the antenna; the electromagnetic bandgap structure has a certain effect on suppressing the surface wave, but when the array antenna of the vehicle is arranged compactly, the spatial coupling is more serious than the coupling generated by the surface wave.
Considering the compact space and coverage of the airborne array antenna comprehensively, the arrangement space of the airborne array antenna is sometimes smaller than 0.5 wavelength, and the phenomenon of performance degradation such as active standing wave ratio reduction, large-angle scanning gain reduction and the like caused by mutual coupling can occur at the moment.
The coupling between the array elements (each of the array arranged oscillator units corresponds to one lattice point, and a single lattice point position corresponds to the oscillator unit, namely the array element) comprises two modes of free space coupling and surface wave coupling. The surface wave coupling system is generated by propagating a surface wave current through a reflection floor between two resonators (resonators radiating electromagnetic waves). When the distance between the vibrators is smaller, the space coupling mode becomes a main factor affecting mutual coupling; when the distance between the vibrators is large, the surface wave coupling mode becomes a main factor affecting mutual coupling.
Because of the development trend of the airborne array antenna, the distance between the vibrators is generally smaller than 0.5 wavelength, the mutual coupling strength between adjacent vibrators is increased, and the communication quality is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is to provide a decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on a metamaterial and a metamaterial, which can adjust mutual coupling between the elements of the airborne array antenna (for example, reduce mutual coupling between the elements of the airborne array antenna) by a control element in the metamaterial, so as to improve the communication effect.
According to one aspect of the invention, a decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on metamaterial is provided, wherein the airborne array antenna comprises a reflecting plate and a plurality of elements arranged on the reflecting plate in an array manner; at least one of the metamaterials is arranged between at least two vibrators; each metamaterial comprises a dielectric substrate and a plurality of microstructure units arranged on the dielectric substrate in an array manner, and at least one control element is arranged in each microstructure unit; the method comprises the following steps:
and regulating and controlling the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of a plurality of microstructure units, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and the mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is regulated.
Optionally, the step of adjusting the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameter of each metamaterial is changed, thereby adjusting the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna includes:
and regulating and controlling the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of the microstructure units to change anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial, so as to regulate mutual coupling among vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling among vibrators of a preset working frequency point.
Optionally, each of the microstructure units further comprises: a conductive microstructure electrically connected to the at least one control element; the at least one control element is electrically connected with a power supply port for providing an input voltage; the step of adjusting and controlling the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed comprises the following steps:
the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are respectively controlled to be changed through the change of the input voltages, so that the working states of the corresponding conductive microstructures are changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed.
Optionally, the at least one control element is at least one switching diode or at least one varactor; the step of adjusting and controlling the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed comprises the following steps:
the input voltages are used for respectively controlling the on-off of the at least one switching diode of the microstructure units, so that the equivalent inductances of the corresponding conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed; or alternatively
The capacitance value of a plurality of at least one varactor of a plurality of microstructure units is respectively controlled to be changed through a plurality of input voltages, so that the equivalent capacitance of a corresponding plurality of conductive microstructures is respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed.
Optionally, each conductive microstructure includes a non-closed structure surrounded by metal wires and having a cross-shaped hollow pattern, the metal wires at four ends of the cross-shaped hollow pattern are respectively provided with four openings, and two ends of each opening are respectively and vertically connected with two parallel metal wires; the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the two openings, and the positions of the two openings are opposite; or the four control elements of each conductive microstructure are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the four openings; the method further comprises the steps of:
The working states of the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively controlled to change through two input voltages, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a single polarization direction is adjusted; or alternatively
The four input voltages are used for respectively controlling the working states of the four control elements of each microstructure unit to change, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual polarization direction is adjusted.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metamaterial disposed between any two adjacent ones of a plurality of vibrators of an airborne array antenna, the plurality of vibrators being arrayed on a reflecting plate of the airborne array antenna; the metamaterial comprises:
a dielectric substrate; and
a plurality of microstructure units arrayed on the dielectric substrate; at least one control element is disposed in each microstructure element; the working state of at least one control element of the microstructure units is regulated and controlled, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is regulated.
Optionally, the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are regulated and controlled, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency point are regulated.
Optionally, each of the microstructure units further comprises:
a conductive microstructure electrically connected to the at least one control element;
the at least one control element is electrically connected with a power supply port for providing an input voltage;
the working state of the at least one control element of the microstructure units is changed according to the change of the input voltages, so that the working state of the corresponding conductive microstructures is changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed.
Optionally, the at least one control element is at least one switching diode, and the at least one switching diode of the microstructure units is turned on or off according to the input voltages, so that equivalent inductances of the corresponding conductive microstructures are changed, and anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed; or alternatively
The at least one control element is at least one varactor, and capacitance values of a plurality of the at least one varactor of the microstructure units are respectively changed according to changes of a plurality of input voltages, so that equivalent capacitances of a corresponding plurality of conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed.
Optionally, each conductive microstructure includes a non-closed structure surrounded by metal wires and having a cross-shaped hollow pattern, the metal wires at four ends of the cross-shaped hollow pattern are respectively provided with four openings, and two ends of each opening are respectively and vertically connected with two parallel metal wires;
one control element of each microstructure unit is electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at any one opening; or alternatively
The two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the two openings; or alternatively
Four control elements of each conductive microstructure are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the four openings.
Optionally, each conductive microstructure includes a first main metal sheet and a second main metal sheet that intersect, two ends of the first main metal sheet are respectively connected with a first bending metal sheet and a second bending metal sheet, and two ends of the second main metal sheet are respectively connected with a third bending metal sheet and a fourth bending metal sheet; the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are provided with strip-shaped hollows; the first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets are provided with bending hollows; an opening is formed between any two adjacent first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets;
square wave-shaped or S-shaped bending structures are arranged on two sides of the first main metal sheet, and square wave-shaped or S-shaped bending structures are arranged on two sides of the second main metal sheet;
the first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets are provided with bending inflection points, two ends of the first main metal sheet are respectively connected with the bending inflection point of the first bending metal sheet and the bending inflection point of the second bending metal sheet, and two ends of the second main metal sheet are respectively connected with the bending inflection point of the third bending metal sheet and the bending inflection point of the fourth bending metal sheet; the first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets all comprise a horizontal straight line section and a vertical straight line section which are intersected at the bending inflection point;
One control element of each microstructure unit is electrically connected with an opening between any two adjacent first bending metal sheets, second bending metal sheets, third bending metal sheets and fourth bending metal sheets; or alternatively
The two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected with two openings between the first bending metal sheet and the third bending metal sheet and between the second bending metal sheet and the fourth bending metal sheet or two openings between the third bending metal sheet and the second bending metal sheet and between the fourth bending metal sheet and the first bending metal sheet; or alternatively
The four control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected with four openings between the first bending metal sheet and the third bending metal sheet, between the third bending metal sheet and the second bending metal sheet, between the second bending metal sheet and the fourth bending metal sheet and between the fourth bending metal sheet and the first bending metal sheet.
Optionally, the positions of the two openings are opposite, and the working states of the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively changed according to the change of two input voltages, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and the mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the single polarization direction is adjusted; or alternatively
The working states of the four control elements of each microstructure unit are changed according to the change of four input voltages, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual-polarized direction is adjusted.
Optionally, the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are perpendicular to each other and bisected, and the lengths of the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are the same;
the corners of the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets are all 90 degrees; the angular bisector of the corner of the first bent metal sheet and the angular bisector of the corner of the second bent metal sheet are both coincident with the first main metal sheet; the angular bisector of the corner of the third bending metal sheet and the angular bisector of the corner of the fourth bending metal sheet are overlapped with the second main metal sheet; the first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets all have horizontal straight line segments and vertical straight line segments with the same length; the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets all have the same dimensions.
Optionally, the metamaterial is disposed between any two adjacent vibrators in the plurality of vibrators and is vertically disposed on the reflecting plate, and the metamaterial is connected with the reflecting plate through an insulating material.
Optionally, the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameter comprises an equivalent permittivity, an equivalent permeability, or a combination thereof.
Optionally, the metamaterial further comprises a control module, wherein the control module comprises:
a processor; and
a digital-to-analog converter coupled to the processor having a plurality of the power ports; the digital-to-analog converter responds to the control signal of the processor and respectively provides a plurality of same or different input voltages through a plurality of power supply ports;
one end of each of the at least one control element of the microstructure units is respectively connected with the power supply ports, and the other end of each of the at least one control element of the microstructure units is respectively grounded. ,
the method and the metamaterial provided by the invention comprise a plurality of microstructure units, wherein at least one control element is arranged in each microstructure unit; after the structural design of the metamaterial is finished, the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial can be adjusted, so that the controllability of the metamaterial is realized, mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is adjusted (for example, mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is reduced), and the communication effect is improved.
The metamaterial is connected with the reflecting plate of the airborne array antenna through the insulating material, so that the influence of nonlinear indexes such as intermodulation and the like on the performance of the antenna is reduced, and the performance index of the antenna is ensured.
The airborne array antenna provided by the invention can be suitable for miniaturized airborne array antennas with the oscillator spacing of 0.3 to 0.6 wavelength, and is beneficial to miniaturized design of the antennas.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a metamaterial applied to an on-board array antenna in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a metamaterial applied to an on-board array antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are schematic structural diagrams of a first metamaterial and microstructure units thereof according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure element of a second metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure element of a third metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a graph comparing the beneficial effects of loading and unloading a metamaterial;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the electromagnetic response curve after switching on and off the control element in the airborne array antenna according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8A, 8B and 8C are schematic diagrams illustrating an array structure of an on-board array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. For clarity, the various features of the drawings are not drawn to scale.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a metamaterial, where the metamaterial is disposed between any two adjacent vibrators in a plurality of vibrators of an airborne array antenna, and the metamaterial includes:
a dielectric substrate; and
a plurality of microstructure units arrayed on the dielectric substrate; at least one control element is disposed in each microstructure element; the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are regulated and controlled, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is regulated (for example, mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is reduced). The onboard array antenna is an array antenna mounted on an aircraft or the like.
Specifically, the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are regulated and controlled, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling between vibrators of the preset working frequency point are regulated (for example, mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling between vibrators of the preset working frequency point is reduced).
Further, each of the microstructure units further includes:
a conductive microstructure electrically connected to the at least one control element;
the at least one control element is electrically connected with a power supply port for providing an input voltage;
the working state of the at least one control element of the microstructure units is changed according to the change of the input voltages, so that the working state of the corresponding conductive microstructures is changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one control element is at least one switching diode, and the at least one switching diode of the microstructure units is turned on or off according to the input voltages, so that equivalent inductances of the corresponding conductive microstructures are changed, respectively, and anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, the at least one control element is at least one varactor, and capacitance values of a plurality of at least one varactor of the plurality of microstructure units are respectively changed according to changes of a plurality of input voltages, so that equivalent capacitances of a corresponding plurality of conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and thus anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameter includes an equivalent permittivity, an equivalent permeability, or a combination thereof.
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a metamaterial applied to an on-board array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial 120 is applied to an airborne array antenna 100, and the airborne array antenna 100 includes a reflecting plate 101 and a vibrator array 110. In the illustration of fig. 1, the vibrator array 110 includes a first vibrator 111, a second vibrator 112, a third vibrator 113, a fourth vibrator 114, and a fifth vibrator 115, which are arranged in a line-shaped interval, and a metamaterial 120 is disposed between the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115. Wherein, the metamaterial 120 is a controllable metamaterial, and is connected with the control module, and can further adjust the performance of the metamaterial (specifically, adjust the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial, including equivalent dielectric constant, equivalent magnetic permeability or a combination thereof) after the metamaterial structure is formed, so as to adjust the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna 100 (for example, reduce the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna 100); the application effect is improved. In this embodiment, the reflection plate 101 is a metal plate, and the reflection plate 101 is grounded.
Alternatively, in other embodiments, a first metamaterial 120 is disposed between adjacent first and second vibrators 111, 112, and a second metamaterial 120 is disposed between adjacent fourth and fifth vibrators 114, 115.
The metamaterial 120 is in a flat plate shape and stands on the reflecting plate 101, in this embodiment, the height of the metamaterial 120 is equal to the height of the vibrators 111, 112, 113, 114 or 115, so as to reduce mutual coupling between the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115, that is, improve the isolation between the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115, ensure the independence of the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115, and is vertically arranged on the reflecting plate 101, so that the optimization effect is good. In other embodiments, the height of metamaterial 120 is greater than the height of transducers 111, 112, 113, 114 or 115.
In the illustration of fig. 1, the metamaterial 120 is only disposed between the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115, but the metamaterial 120 of the present invention may be disposed between any two adjacent vibrators in a targeted manner to adjust the mutual coupling between the two adjacent vibrators (e.g., reduce the mutual coupling between the two adjacent vibrators).
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial applied to an on-board array antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the metamaterial 220 is applied to an on-board array antenna 200. The airborne array antenna 200 includes a reflection plate 201, and a first element 211 and a second element 212 are provided on the reflection plate 201. The metamaterial 220 is located between the first vibrator 211 and the second vibrator 212, wherein the metamaterial 220 comprises two pieces of metamaterial in a plate shape, a distance between the two pieces of metamaterial is d2, a distance between the first vibrator 211 and the second vibrator 212 is d1, d1 is larger than d2, and on the reflecting plate 201, the height of the metamaterial 220 is larger than that of the first vibrator 211 or the second vibrator 212. Wherein the metamaterial 220 and the metamaterial 120 are controllable metamaterials. In other embodiments, the height of the metamaterial 220 is equal to the height of the first vibrator 211 or the second vibrator 212.
In one embodiment, the number of metamaterials disposed between two adjacent vibrators of the airborne array antenna of the present invention may be one, or two or more. Optionally, in other embodiments, in the airborne array antenna, two metamaterials are respectively disposed between two adjacent vibrators and between two adjacent other vibrators, and three metamaterials are respectively disposed between two adjacent vibrators of the first group, two adjacent vibrators of the second group, and two adjacent vibrators of the third group; or more (i.e. at least two metamaterials are respectively arranged between at least two adjacent sets of two vibrators).
The airborne array antenna can be applied to a small airborne array antenna with the distance between two adjacent vibrators being 0.3 to 0.6 wavelength, and is convenient for miniaturization of the airborne array antenna.
The connection between the metamaterial and the reflecting plate is fixed by adopting a nonmetal member (insulating material), so that the influence of nonlinear indexes such as intermodulation and the like on the airborne array antenna can be reduced.
Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C are schematic structural views showing a first metamaterial and microstructure units thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3A, in a first embodiment, the first metamaterial 320 comprises four microstructure units 21 and a control module 01. The four microstructure units 21 correspond to the four lattice a1 positions of the metamaterial 320 respectively, and the anode of the diode a3 in each microstructure unit 21 is connected with the control module 01, and the cathode of the diode a3 is grounded. The control module 01 includes a processor 011 and a digital-to-analog converter 012, where the processor 011 outputs a digital control signal to the diode a3 to the digital-to-analog converter 012, and the digital-to-analog converter converts the digital control signal into an analog signal to provide a state control signal (including a voltage signal or a current signal) of the diode a3, adjust the state of the diode a3, implement regulation and control of the working state of the metamaterial 320, adjust an anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameter of the metamaterial 320, and further adjust mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling between vibrators at a preset working frequency point.
Wherein in the embodiment shown in fig. 3A only one diode a3 is provided per microstructure element 27, and in other embodiments a plurality of diodes may be provided.
The microstructure element 21 comprises a conductive microstructure a2 within a crystal lattice a 1. The conductive microstructure a2 includes a non-closed structure (the metal wire has a certain width) surrounded by metal wires and having a cross-shaped hollow pattern, the metal wires at four ends of the cross-shaped hollow pattern are respectively provided with four openings, two parallel metal wires are respectively and vertically connected to two ends of each opening, and one diode a3 of each microstructure unit 21 is electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires.
Referring to fig. 3B, optionally, in a second embodiment, the first metamaterial 320 includes four microstructure units 22, the microstructure units 22 include conductive microstructures B2 located in a lattice B1, and the microstructure units 22 shown in fig. 3B are different from the microstructure units 21 shown in fig. 3A only in the number and connection positions of the diodes B3, and the other structures will not be described herein. In the microstructure element 22, the number of the diodes B3 is two (the anode and the cathode of each diode B3 are respectively connected with the control module and the ground), and referring to fig. 3B, the two diodes B3 of the microstructure element 22 are respectively electrically connected between the two parallel metal lines at two openings (i.e. at the upper and lower openings). The two openings are oppositely arranged, so that the working states of the two diodes b3 of each microstructure unit 22 are respectively changed according to the changes of the two input voltages, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, so that the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the single polarization direction is adjusted (for example, the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the single polarization direction is reduced).
Referring to fig. 3C, optionally, in a third embodiment, the first metamaterial 320 includes four microstructure units 23, the microstructure units 23 include conductive microstructures C2 located in a lattice C1, and the microstructure units 23 shown in fig. 3C are different from the microstructure units 21 shown in fig. 3A in the number and connection positions of the diodes C3, which are not repeated herein. In the microstructure unit 23, the number of diodes C3 is four (the anode and the cathode of each diode C3 are respectively connected with the control module and the ground), and referring to fig. 3C, the four diodes C3 of the microstructure unit 23 are respectively electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at four openings (i.e. at four openings of upper, lower, left and right). Therefore, the working states of the four diodes c3 of each microstructure unit 23 are respectively changed according to the changes of the four input voltages, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual-polarized direction is adjusted (for example, mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual-polarized direction is reduced).
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3B, the conducting directions of the two diodes B3 are opposite, and in the circular reference, the conducting directions of the two diodes B3 are both clockwise, and in other embodiments, both counterclockwise. The conducting direction of the upper and lower diodes and the conducting direction of the left and right diodes are the same in the round reference, and the paired diodes are 180-degree central symmetrical structures in the crystal lattice. The directional design of diode b3 as a control element is also applicable to other metamaterials of embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3C, the conducting directions of the four diodes C3 are all clockwise in the circular reference, and in other embodiments, all counterclockwise.
The number and positions of the diodes correspond to different mutual coupling adjustment effects between vibrators, and are equally applicable to other embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described in detail in the following description of other embodiments.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure unit of a second metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the microstructure elements 24 of the second metamaterial are also provided with conductive microstructures f2 in the lattice f1, and the microstructure elements 24 shown in fig. 4 are different from the microstructure elements 21 of the first metamaterial shown in fig. 3A in the microstructure pattern.
The conductive microstructure f2 of the embodiment includes a first main metal sheet and a second main metal sheet which are intersected, wherein two ends of the first main metal sheet are respectively connected with a first bending metal sheet and a second bending metal sheet, and two ends of the second main metal sheet are respectively connected with a third bending metal sheet and a fourth bending metal sheet; the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are provided with strip-shaped hollows, and the hollows formed by the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are cross-shaped; the first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets are provided with bending hollowed-out patterns, and the bending hollowed-out patterns are communicated or connected with the strip-shaped hollowed-out patterns of the first main metal sheet or the second main metal sheet. The first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets have spaced apart openings between adjacent ones of the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets.
The first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets are provided with bending inflection points, two ends of the first main metal sheet are respectively connected with the bending inflection point of the first bending metal sheet and the bending inflection point of the second bending metal sheet, and two ends of the second main metal sheet are respectively connected with the bending inflection point of the third bending metal sheet and the bending inflection point of the fourth bending metal sheet; the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets each include a horizontal curved section and a vertical curved section intersecting the inflection point.
One diode (not shown) of each microstructure element 24 is electrically connected to an opening between any two adjacent ones of the first bent metal sheet, the second bent metal sheet, the third bent metal sheet, and the fourth bent metal sheet; or alternatively
The two diodes f3 (shown in fig. 4) of each microstructure element 24 are electrically connected to the two openings between the first bent metal sheet and the third bent metal sheet and between the second bent metal sheet and the fourth bent metal sheet or the two openings between the third bent metal sheet and the second bent metal sheet and between the fourth bent metal sheet and the first bent metal sheet, respectively; or alternatively
The four diodes (not shown) of each microstructure element 24 are electrically connected to the four openings between the first and third bent metal sheets, between the third and second bent metal sheets, between the second and fourth bent metal sheets, and between the fourth and first bent metal sheets, respectively.
In this embodiment, the control element takes the diode f3 as an example, where the diode f3 is a switching diode (which can be turned on or off by applying different voltages) or a varactor diode (which can provide different capacitance values by applying different voltages), and can control anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial, so as to adjust mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in different working frequency bands and/or working frequency points, and improve design flexibility of the airborne array antenna of the present invention.
The metamaterial 120 loaded on-board array antenna 100 has a preset control mode and a manual control mode, which can be obtained by changing different operation states of a control element (e.g., diode). And in a preset control mode, mutual coupling adjustment between vibrators of a preset frequency band and a frequency point can be performed. In the manual control mode, mutual coupling adjustment between vibrators of a required frequency band and a frequency point can be carried out according to specific conditions, and flexibility is improved.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a microstructure unit of a third metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the microstructure unit 25 of the third metamaterial sets conductive microstructures e2 in a lattice e1, each conductive microstructure e2 includes a first main metal sheet and a second main metal sheet which are intersected, two ends of the first main metal sheet are respectively connected with a first bending metal sheet and a second bending metal sheet, and two ends of the second main metal sheet are respectively connected with a third bending metal sheet and a fourth bending metal sheet; the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are provided with strip-shaped hollows, and the hollows formed by the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are cross-shaped; the first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets are provided with bending hollowed-out parts, and the bending hollowed-out patterns are communicated or connected with the strip-shaped hollowed-out patterns of the first main metal sheet or the second main metal sheet; an opening is formed between any two adjacent first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets.
Both sides of the first main metal sheet are provided with square wave-shaped or S-shaped bending structures, and both sides of the second main metal sheet are provided with square wave-shaped or S-shaped bending structures.
The first, second, third and fourth bending metal sheets are provided with bending inflection points, two ends of the first main metal sheet are respectively connected with the bending inflection point of the first bending metal sheet and the bending inflection point of the second bending metal sheet, and two ends of the second main metal sheet are respectively connected with the bending inflection point of the third bending metal sheet and the bending inflection point of the fourth bending metal sheet; the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets each include a horizontal straight line segment and a vertical straight line segment intersecting the inflection point of the bend. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets each include a horizontal curve segment and a vertical curve segment intersecting the inflection point.
One diode (not shown) of each microstructure element 25 is electrically connected to an opening between any two adjacent ones of the first bent metal sheet, the second bent metal sheet, the third bent metal sheet, and the fourth bent metal sheet; or alternatively
The two diodes e3 (shown in fig. 5) of each microstructure element 25 are electrically connected to the two openings between the first bent metal sheet and the third bent metal sheet and between the second bent metal sheet and the fourth bent metal sheet or the two openings between the third bent metal sheet and the second bent metal sheet and between the fourth bent metal sheet and the first bent metal sheet, respectively; or alternatively
The four diodes (not shown) of each microstructure element 25 are electrically connected to the four openings between the first and third bent metal sheets, between the third and second bent metal sheets, between the second and fourth bent metal sheets, and between the fourth and first bent metal sheets, respectively.
The two openings are oppositely arranged, and the working states of two diodes e3 (shown in fig. 5) of each microstructure unit 25 are respectively changed according to the change of two input voltages, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and the mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the single polarization direction is adjusted; or alternatively
The working states of the four diodes (not shown) of each microstructure unit 25 are respectively changed according to the changes of the four input voltages, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual polarization direction is adjusted.
In the microstructure unit 24 shown in fig. 4 or the microstructure unit 25 shown in fig. 5, specifically, the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are perpendicularly bisected with each other, and the lengths of the first main metal sheet and the second main metal sheet are the same; the corners of the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets are all 90 degrees; the angular bisector of the corner of the first bent metal sheet and the angular bisector of the corner of the second bent metal sheet are both coincident with the first main metal sheet; the angular bisector of the corner of the third bending metal sheet and the angular bisector of the corner of the fourth bending metal sheet are overlapped with the second main metal sheet; the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets all have horizontal straight line segments and vertical straight line segments with the same length; the first, second, third and fourth bent metal sheets all have the same dimensions.
In this embodiment, the control element takes the diode e3 as an example, where the diode e3 is a switching diode (which can be turned on or off by applying different voltages) or a varactor diode (which can provide different capacitance values by applying different voltages), and can control anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial, so as to adjust mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in different frequency bands and/or frequency points, and improve design flexibility of the airborne array antenna of the present invention.
The metamaterial 120 loaded on-board array antenna 100 has a preset control mode and a manual control mode, which can be obtained by changing different operation states of a control element (e.g., diode). And in a preset control mode, mutual coupling adjustment between vibrators of a preset frequency band and a frequency point can be performed. In the manual control mode, mutual coupling adjustment between vibrators of a required frequency band and a frequency point can be carried out according to specific conditions, and flexibility is improved.
Wherein each microstructure unit of the embodiment is arranged in a single layer, in other embodiments, the microstructure unit can be arranged in a double layer, and the conductive microstructure can be a combined result pattern of patterns of each layer of the double layer.
Figure 6 shows a graph comparing the beneficial effects of loading and unloading a metamaterial. Wherein S21 represents isolation; the test is a test of the airborne array antenna 100 shown in fig. 1, L1 is a test result of the first vibrator 111 and the second vibrator 112, and L2 is a test result of the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115; no metamaterial is loaded between the first vibrator 111 and the second vibrator 112; a metamaterial is loaded between fourth vibrator 114 and fifth vibrator 115. The coordinates of each point are: m1 (1.7500, -14.7270), m2 (1.8507, -16.4693), m3 (1.9506, -18.4387), m4 (2.0505, -20.5517), m5 (1.7500, -19.3671), m6 (1.8499, -20.3968), m7 (1.9498, -21.1899), m8 (2.0505, -23.9796). As can be seen from fig. 6, at the high frequency end of the L-band, the mutual coupling between the two vibrators 114, 115 is reduced by 3 to 5dB (i.e., 3 to 5 dB), and the radiation pattern of the antenna is maintained without adverse effects such as distortion, i.e., the metamaterial of the present invention can effectively reduce the mutual coupling strength between the two adjacent vibrators 114, 115 in the airborne array antenna, thereby providing convenience for the miniaturized design of the airborne array antenna.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the electromagnetic response curve after switching on and off the control element in the airborne array antenna according to the embodiment of the invention; the solid line corresponds to the control element being on and the broken line corresponds to the control element being off. The test is a test of the airborne array antenna 100 shown in fig. 1, where L3 and L31 are test results of the first oscillator 111 and the second oscillator 112, and correspond to the on and off of the control element respectively, and L4 and L41 are test results of the fourth oscillator 114 and the fifth oscillator 115, and correspond to the on and off of the control element (in this test, the control element is used as a switching diode).
The difference between the trend between L41 and L31 and the trend between L4 and L3 is that the intersection point deviates to the high frequency band, and the trend between L41 and L4 reduces the mutual coupling strength of part of the working frequency band relative to the trend between L31 and L3, that is, in the design of reducing the mutual coupling strength by using the metamaterial 120 according to the embodiment of the invention, the load control element (for example, a switch diode) can change the regulated working frequency band, and referring to L4 and L41, the frequency band with reduced mutual coupling strength after the load control element (that is, the control element is conducted and acts) deviates to the high frequency band, the range of the optimized working frequency band is promoted, and the optimal working frequency point also deviates, so that the adjustability of the optimized working frequency point and the working frequency band is realized. In fig. 6 and 7, the metamaterial 120 is not provided between the first vibrator 111 and the second vibrator 112, and the metamaterial 120 is provided between the fourth vibrator 114 and the fifth vibrator 115.
Fig. 8A, 8B and 8C are schematic diagrams illustrating an array structure of an on-board array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the design of reducing mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna by adopting the controllable metamaterial can be applied to various arrangement modes, and as shown in fig. 8A, a square vibrator array 410 is arranged on a reflecting plate 401, and the metamaterial is arranged between any adjacent vibrators; as shown in fig. 8B, a triangular array of vibrator arrays 510 is provided on a reflective plate 501, with a metamaterial provided between any two adjacent vibrators; as shown in fig. 8C, a circumferential array of vibrator arrays 610 is disposed on the reflective plate 601, and a metamaterial is disposed between any adjacent vibrators, and suitable vibrator arrangements of the airborne array antenna of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the above-mentioned arrangements.
The embodiment of the invention further provides a decoupling method between airborne array antenna elements based on metamaterial, wherein the airborne array antenna comprises a reflecting plate and a plurality of vibrators arranged on the reflecting plate in an array manner; at least one of the metamaterials is arranged between at least two vibrators; each metamaterial comprises a dielectric substrate and a plurality of microstructure units arranged on the dielectric substrate in an array manner, and at least one control element is arranged in each microstructure unit; the method comprises the following steps:
And regulating and controlling the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of a plurality of microstructure units, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and the mutual coupling among the vibrators of the airborne array antenna is regulated.
In a specific embodiment, in the above method, the adjusting the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameter of each metamaterial changes, thereby adjusting the mutual coupling between the vibrators of the airborne array antenna includes:
regulating the working state of a plurality of at least one control element of the microstructure units, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and therefore mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling between vibrators of a preset working frequency point are regulated (for example, mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the preset working frequency point are regulated).
In a specific embodiment, in the above method, each of the microstructure units further comprises: a conductive microstructure electrically connected to the at least one control element; the at least one control element is electrically connected with a power supply port for providing an input voltage; regulating the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of a plurality of microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed comprises:
The working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are respectively controlled to be changed through the change of the input voltages, so that the working states of the corresponding conductive microstructures are changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed.
In a specific embodiment, in the above method, the at least one control element is at least one switching diode or at least one varactor; regulating the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of a plurality of microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed comprises:
the input voltages are used for respectively controlling the on-off of the at least one switching diode of the microstructure units, so that the equivalent inductances of the corresponding conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed; or alternatively
The capacitance value of a plurality of at least one varactor of a plurality of microstructure units is respectively controlled to be changed through a plurality of input voltages, so that the equivalent capacitance of a corresponding plurality of conductive microstructures is respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed.
In a specific embodiment, each conductive microstructure comprises a non-closed structure surrounded by metal wires and provided with a cross-shaped hollowed-out pattern, the metal wires at four ends of the cross-shaped hollowed-out pattern are respectively provided with four openings, and two ends of each opening are respectively and vertically connected with two parallel metal wires; the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the two openings, and the positions of the two openings are opposite; or the four control elements of each conductive microstructure are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the four openings; the method further comprises the following steps:
the working states of the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively controlled to change through two input voltages, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a single polarization direction is adjusted; or alternatively
The four input voltages are used for respectively controlling the working states of the four control elements of each microstructure unit to change, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual polarization direction is adjusted.
The controllable metamaterial is arranged between any two adjacent vibrators of the airborne array antenna, the type of the vibrator of the airborne array antenna is not limited, and the vibrator can be a dipole, a slot, a monopole or a patch antenna and the like.
The distance between any two adjacent vibrators in the plurality of vibrators of the airborne array antenna is 0.3 to 0.6 wavelength, and the design of the miniaturized airborne array antenna with excellent performance can be realized.
The difference of the conductive microstructures of the microstructure units in the metamaterial can be pertinently optimized corresponding to the airborne array antennas with different specific structures, so that the applicability of the metamaterial to the different airborne array antennas is improved.
Embodiments in accordance with the present invention, as described above, are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. An airborne array antenna element decoupling method based on metamaterial comprises a reflecting plate and a plurality of elements arranged on the reflecting plate in an array manner; at least one of the metamaterials is arranged between at least two vibrators; each metamaterial comprises a dielectric substrate and a plurality of microstructure units arranged on the dielectric substrate in an array manner, and at least one control element is arranged in each microstructure unit; the decoupling method between the airborne array antenna elements based on the metamaterial comprises the following steps:
regulating and controlling the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of a plurality of microstructure units, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling among vibrators of the airborne array antenna is regulated;
wherein each of the microstructure elements further comprises: a conductive microstructure electrically connected to the at least one control element; the at least one control element is electrically connected with a power supply port for providing an input voltage; the step of adjusting and controlling the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed comprises the following steps:
The working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are respectively controlled to be changed through the change of the input voltages, so that the working states of the corresponding conductive microstructures are changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed;
each conductive microstructure comprises a non-closed structure which is surrounded by metal wires and provided with a cross-shaped hollowed-out pattern, four openings are respectively formed in the metal wires at the four ends of the cross-shaped hollowed-out pattern, and two parallel metal wires are respectively and vertically connected to the two ends of each opening; the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the two openings, and the positions of the two openings are opposite; or the four control elements of each conductive microstructure are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the four openings; the method further comprises the steps of:
the working states of the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively controlled to change through two input voltages, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a single polarization direction is adjusted; or alternatively
The four input voltages are used for respectively controlling the working states of the four control elements of each microstructure unit to change, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual polarization direction is adjusted.
2. The method of decoupling an airborne array antenna element based on metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the operation states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed, thereby adjusting the mutual coupling between the elements of the airborne array antenna comprises:
and regulating and controlling the working states of a plurality of at least one control element of the microstructure units to change anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial, so as to regulate mutual coupling among vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling among vibrators of a preset working frequency point.
3. The metamaterial-based on-board array antenna inter-element decoupling method of claim 1, wherein the at least one control element is at least one switching diode or at least one varactor diode; the step of adjusting and controlling the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed comprises the following steps:
The input voltages are used for respectively controlling the on-off of the at least one switching diode of the microstructure units, so that the equivalent inductances of the corresponding conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed; or alternatively
The capacitance value of a plurality of at least one varactor of a plurality of microstructure units is respectively controlled to be changed through a plurality of input voltages, so that the equivalent capacitance of a corresponding plurality of conductive microstructures is respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of each metamaterial are changed.
4. The metamaterial is characterized by being arranged between any two adjacent vibrators in a plurality of vibrators of an airborne array antenna, and the vibrators are arranged on a reflecting plate of the airborne array antenna in an array mode; the metamaterial comprises:
a dielectric substrate; and
a plurality of microstructure units arrayed on the dielectric substrate; at least one control element is disposed in each microstructure element; the working state of at least one control element of the microstructure units is regulated and controlled, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling among vibrators of the airborne array antenna is regulated;
Wherein each of the microstructure elements further comprises:
a conductive microstructure electrically connected to the at least one control element;
the at least one control element is electrically connected with a power supply port for providing an input voltage;
the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are changed according to the changes of the input voltages, so that the working states of the corresponding conductive microstructures are changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed;
each conductive microstructure comprises a non-closed structure which is surrounded by metal wires and provided with a cross-shaped hollowed-out pattern, four openings are respectively formed in the metal wires at the four ends of the cross-shaped hollowed-out pattern, and two parallel metal wires are respectively and vertically connected to the two ends of each opening;
one control element of each microstructure unit is electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at any one opening; or alternatively
The two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the two openings; or alternatively
Four control elements of each conductive microstructure are respectively and electrically connected between the two parallel metal wires at the four openings.
5. The metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein: the working states of the at least one control element of the microstructure units are regulated and controlled, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling among vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency range and/or mutual coupling among vibrators of the airborne array antenna in a preset working frequency point are regulated.
6. The metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein:
the at least one control element is at least one switching diode, and the at least one switching diode of the microstructure units is respectively switched on or off according to the input voltages, so that the equivalent inductances of the corresponding conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed; or alternatively
The at least one control element is at least one varactor, and capacitance values of a plurality of the at least one varactor of the microstructure units are respectively changed according to changes of a plurality of input voltages, so that equivalent capacitances of a corresponding plurality of conductive microstructures are respectively changed, and anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed.
7. The metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein:
the positions of the two openings are oppositely arranged, the working states of the two control elements of each microstructure unit are respectively changed according to the change of two input voltages, so that the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and the mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the single polarization direction is adjusted; or alternatively
The working states of the four control elements of each microstructure unit are changed according to the change of four input voltages, so that anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial are changed, and mutual coupling between vibrators of the airborne array antenna in the dual-polarized direction is adjusted.
8. The metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein: the metamaterial is arranged between any two adjacent vibrators in the plurality of vibrators and is vertically arranged on the reflecting plate, and the metamaterial is connected with the reflecting plate through an insulating material.
9. The metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein: the anisotropic equivalent electromagnetic parameters include equivalent permittivity, equivalent permeability, or a combination thereof.
10. The metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein the metamaterial further comprises a control module, the control module comprising:
a processor; and
a digital-to-analog converter coupled to the processor having a plurality of the power ports; the digital-to-analog converter responds to the control signal of the processor and respectively provides a plurality of same or different input voltages through a plurality of power supply ports;
one end of each of the at least one control element of the microstructure units is respectively connected with the power supply ports, and the other end of each of the at least one control element of the microstructure units is respectively grounded.
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| CN113725614B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | A decoupling structure using metasurfaces to reduce the isolation of horizontal omnidirectional antennas |
| CN117039429B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2024-08-30 | 广东工业大学 | Metasurface decoupling structure, low-profile omnidirectional antenna array and wireless communication equipment |
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