CN112125995A - 一种除醛大分子材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种除醛大分子材料及其制备方法和应用，结构通式为：
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有害物质甲醛清除领域，具体涉及一种除醛大分子材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
甲醛对环境和身体健康的影响早已被人们所认识。国内外一直进行甲醛消除剂的合成和应用研究。一般可以把甲醛消除剂分为3类:氧化剂型，氨基衍生物型和含α氢化合物型，这些消醛剂各有优缺点。最好的消醛剂应具有消醛率高，无二次污染和对被处理物有改性作用的特点，而实用性的消醛剂应分为2种。一种是小分子的化合物，具有较好的浸透性，可进入产品的内部反应掉内部的甲醛。另一种是较大分子的化合物，或低分子量的树脂，这种消醛剂既可消除甲醛，又可作为被处理原料的改性剂。这2种消醛剂应具有较好的水溶性及和初始原料很好的兼容性。但是小分子除醛剂由于施工过程中容易被人体吸收具有一定毒性，且无法形成膜结构，待其与甲醛反应完后甲醛能够持续挥发至室内空气中。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种除醛效率高，安全环保的有机大分子。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供如下技术方案
一种除醛大分子材料，结构通式为：
优选的，上述一种除醛大分子材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将2-甲基丙烯胺盐酸盐、链转移剂和溶剂按照1摩尔：0.005摩尔：20-40毫升的比例进行混合，加热；
(2)将引发剂和溶剂按照0.2mol：10mL混合溶解，然后添加至步骤(1)的反应中保温6h；
(3)产物进行清洗，将产物置于50℃烘箱烘干，即得大分子除醛材料。
优选的，所述链转移剂为3-巯基丙酸甲酯。
优选的，所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁睛、偶氮二异庚睛、异丙苯过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢中任意一种。
优选的，所述溶剂为乙腈或甲醇。
优选的，所述清洗过程为先用乙腈清洗2-4次，再用二氯甲烷清洗2-4次。
上述除醛大分子材料的应用，用于消除甲醛。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明中所制备的除醛大分子材料含有多个活性氨基能与甲醛反应，且该分子水溶性好，施工于甲醛挥发处表面待溶剂干透后能在物体表面形成一层致密膜，能够将板材等内部甲醛与室外空气隔绝并与之反应，不会造成甲醛溢出，无二次污染。该除醛大分子具有分子量大，不易被人体吸收的特点，安全性高，且能持续与甲醛反应，能够隔绝挥发源和室内空气，持久性好。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
实施例1
向50mL反应管中依次加入乙腈30mL，2-甲基丙烯胺盐酸盐(1.0mol)，3-巯基丙酸甲酯(0.1mol)，油浴加热至70℃。待温度稳定几分钟后，将引发剂偶氮二异丁睛(0.2mol)溶于10mL乙腈中添加至反应中保温6h，用乙腈洗涤反应体系3次，将固体残渣再用二氯甲烷洗涤2次，将固体残渣置于50℃烘箱烘干，即得所述除醛大分子。
所述除醛大分子粘均分子量为(800-1200)。
实施例2
向50mL反应管中依次加入乙腈30mL，2-甲基丙烯胺盐酸盐(1.0mol)，3-巯基丙酸甲酯(0.02mol)，油浴加热至70℃。待温度稳定几分钟后，将引发剂偶氮二异丁睛(0.2mol)溶于10mL乙腈中添加至反应中保温6h，用乙腈洗涤反应体系3次，将固体残渣再用二氯甲烷洗涤2次，将固体残渣置于50℃烘箱烘干，即得所述除醛大分子。
所述除醛大分子粘均分子量为(4000-6000)。
实施例3
向50mL反应管中依次加入乙腈30mL，2-甲基丙烯胺盐酸盐(1.0mol)，3-巯基丙酸甲酯(0.01mol)，油浴加热至70℃。待温度稳定几分钟后，将引发剂偶氮二异丁睛(0.2mol)溶于10mL乙腈中添加至反应中保温6h，用乙腈洗涤反应体系3次，将固体残渣再用二氯甲烷洗涤2次，将固体残渣置于50℃烘箱烘干，即得所述除醛大分子。
所述除醛大分子粘均分子量为(9000-12000)。
除甲醛实验：
将所述实施例所制得除醛大分子制备成1％水溶液。
在三张1m2的基纸上分别将净化材料喷(涂)三遍(用小型喷雾泵尽里喷涂成细雾状。喷涂第一遍晾干后再喷第二遍，第二遍晾干后再喷涂第三遍(喷涂式材料用量:100g)。
试验方法：
用两个空气试验舱(A为空白舱，B为样品舱)进行测试净化产品去除气体污染物质的浓度。试验条件在常温常压下进行。
释放源的准备：
将425px1000px的医用脱脂纱布5层卷在2支直径5m，长30mm的玻璃棒上，用棉线固定并将其直立放在500mL的试剂瓶中，装入200mL的污染物，浓度为甲醛0.2％规定比例配制，分析纯容器贴有A1、B1标识，待纱布完全湿润后，即可投入使用。
实验步骤：
将未经处理的基纸悬挂于空白试验舱中，再将经过喷涂净化材料的基纸悬挂于试验舱B中。
将装有配好的污染物释放源A1和B1容器分别置于空白试验舱A和样品试验舱B中，立即关闭舱门。
开启空白试验舱A及样品试验舱B的风扇，搅拌1min，使舱内空气与释放源释放的污染物混匀后，同时关闭风扇，对空白舱内进行空气采样，测定空白舱内空气中污染物浓度值为初始浓度，记作C0。
24h后对两舱内空气污染物的浓度进行采样，分析测试，即为某一时间段内A、B舱的浓度值，记作CA与CB。
采样及采样结果分析：
采样方法：出气口与舱外空气采样器或测试仪器的进样口相连接，以一定流里通过吸收管，采样管或测试仪器采集舱内空气样品采样和分析按照GB/T18883规定的方法。
吸收液采样：根据不同污染物的要求，用一个内装5L或1mL吸收液的气泡吸收管，与试验舱壁上的采样管口连接，以0.5L/min或1.10L/min的流量，分别采气10或20L。采样完成后，立即用胶帽封闭试验舱的采样管口，采样后样品在室温下应在24h内分析。
实施例1-3测量结果见下表：
表1测量结果
| 处理前(ppm) | 处理后(ppm) | 除醛率％ | |
| 实施例1 | 0.205 | 0.012 | 94.14 |
| 实施例2 | 0.212 | 0.015 | 92.92 |
| 实施例3 | 0.208 | 0.013 | 93.75 |
从上表可以看出，本发明基于除醛大分子能够有效去除甲醛。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种除醛大分子材料，其特征在于，结构通式为：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种除醛大分子材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将2-甲基丙烯胺盐酸盐、链转移剂和溶剂按照1摩尔：0.005摩尔：20-40毫升的比例进行混合，加热；
(2)将引发剂和溶剂按照0.2mol：10mL混合溶解，然后添加至步骤(1)的反应中保温6h；
(3)产物进行清洗，将产物置于50℃烘箱烘干，即得除醛大分子材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种除醛大分子材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述链转移剂为3-巯基丙酸甲酯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种除醛大分子材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁睛、偶氮二异庚睛、异丙苯过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢中任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种除醛大分子材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为乙腈或甲醇。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种除醛大分子材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述清洗过程为先用乙腈清洗2-4次，再用二氯甲烷清洗2-4次。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种除醛大分子材料的应用，其特征在于，用于消除甲醛。
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4892719A (en) * | 1985-01-21 | 1990-01-09 | Gesser Hyman D | Removal of aldehydes and acidic gases from indoor air |
| CN105727495A (zh) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-07-06 | 东莞市中纺化工有限公司 | 一种甲醛捕捉剂及其制备方法与在清除甲醛中的应用 |
| US20160208031A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-07-21 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Use of modified water-soluble polymers as crosslinking auxiliary agents |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4892719A (en) * | 1985-01-21 | 1990-01-09 | Gesser Hyman D | Removal of aldehydes and acidic gases from indoor air |
| US20160208031A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-07-21 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Use of modified water-soluble polymers as crosslinking auxiliary agents |
| CN105727495A (zh) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-07-06 | 东莞市中纺化工有限公司 | 一种甲醛捕捉剂及其制备方法与在清除甲醛中的应用 |
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