CN112119824B - A kind of method for cultivating Cizhu - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating arrowheads, which comprises the following steps: controlling the number of the stock bamboo plants of the stock bamboo to be 6-15 plants/cluster, and controlling the average breast diameter of the stock bamboo to be 4-5cm, wherein the stock bamboo is a 1-3-year-old bamboo plant; controlling the ratio of 1-year-old bamboo plants in bamboo bush to 50% -70% in the current year from 11 months to the next year for 1 month, and keeping the content of CiciThe density of the vertical bamboo is less than 12000 plants hm ^‑2 (ii) a Fertilizing bamboo clumps 4-5 months per year before bamboo shoots appear, digging annular fertilizing furrows around the bamboo clumps, wherein the depth of the fertilizing furrows is 20cm-30cm, the distance between the fertilizing furrows and the bamboo clumps is 5cm-10cm, and covering a soil layer of 5cm-10cm after fertilizer is scattered into the fertilizing furrows, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the fertilizer is 181 kg.hm ^‑2 ‑192kg·hm ^‑2 The application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 8kg hm ^‑2 ‑22kg·hm ^‑2 The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 32 kg.hm ^‑2 ‑49kg·hm ^‑2 . According to the method for cultivating the arrowhead, the arrowhead is cultivated from two aspects of accurate regulation and control of the arrowhead structure and accurate regulation and control of the arrowhead nutrient, so that the arrowhead has higher reproduction rate and biomass growth rate at the same time, and the efficient operation of the arrowhead is facilitated.

Description

A kind of method for cultivating Cizhu

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of planting Cizhu, more specifically, to a method for cultivating Cizhu.

Background technique

Cizhu (Bambusa emieensis L.C.Chia&H.L.Fung) is an important cluster bamboo species in Southwest my country, which has the characteristics of thin culm wall, long internodes, good thinness and long fiber. Cizhu is an excellent bamboo weaving and pulp raw material. It belongs to the most important raw material bamboo species in my country's bamboo weaving industry. It is widely used in Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. It is an important economic bamboo species with high output and wide application.

The traditional bamboo management is extensive, and there are problems such as "rebuilding and light pipes" and "experiential harvesting". The harvesting of bamboo is mainly based on market demand, which is highly random and does not consider the sustainable production capacity of the bamboo forest. At the same time, the management of Cizhu forest is extensive, and fertilization is mostly based on experience. On the one hand, it reduces the efficiency of fertilizer use, and on the other hand, it increases the risk of soil pollution.

Therefore, how to provide a cultivation method that can realize the efficient management of Cizhu has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field.

Contents of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical proposal of a method for cultivating Cizhu that can realize the efficient management of Cizhu.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a method for cultivating Cizhu is provided.

This Cizhu cultivation method comprises the steps:

It is 6-15 strains/cluster to control the number of strains of mother bamboos to be kept, and the average diameter at breast height of mother bamboos to be kept is 4cm-5cm, wherein, the mother bamboos to be kept are 1-3 years old bamboo strains;

From November of the current year to January of the next year, control the proportion of one-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove to 50%-70%, and keep the density of Cizhu standing bamboo less than 12000 plants·hm ^-2 ;

Fertilize the bamboo clumps from April to May every year before the bamboo shoots emerge, and dig a ring-shaped fertilization ditch around the bamboo clumps. The depth of the fertilization ditch is 20cm-30cm, and the fertilization ditch is 5cm-10cm away from the bamboo clumps. Cover the ditch with a 5cm-10cm soil layer, in which the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the fertilizer is 181kg·hm ^-2 -192kg·hm ^-2 , the amount of phosphorus fertilizer is 8kg·hm ^-2 -22kg·hm ^-2 , and the amount of potassium fertilizer is 32kg·hm ^-2 -49kg·hm ^-2 .

Optionally, the selection method of retaining mother bamboo is as follows:

Cutting down bamboo plants with pests and diseases;

6-15 bamboo strains that are 1-3 years old and 4cm-5cm in diameter in the bamboo clumps are kept as the mother bamboos, and the remaining 1-3-year-old bamboos in the bamboo clumps are cut down.

Optionally, the number ratio of one-year-old bamboo plants and remaining bamboo plants in the remaining mother bamboo is (1-1.5):1.

Optionally, the ratio of the number of 2-year-old bamboo plants to 3-year-old bamboo plants in the mother bamboo is 1:1.

Optionally, the proportion of 1-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove is 60%-70%.

Optionally, the number ratio of 1-year-old bamboo plants, 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove is (3.5-4):1:1.

Optionally, the ratio of the number of 1-year-old bamboo plants, 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove is 4:1:1.

Optionally, when controlling the proportion of 1-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove, cut down 4-year-old and more than 4-year-old bamboo plants.

Optionally, keep the density of Cizhu standing bamboo at 8000 plants·hm ^-2 -10000 plants·hm ^-2 .

Optionally, the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer is 10kg·hm ^-2 .

The method for cultivating Cizhu of the present disclosure cultivates Cizhu from the two aspects of precise regulation and control of Cizhu structure and precise regulation of Cizhu nutrient, so that Cizhu has a higher reproduction rate and biomass growth rate at the same time, which is conducive to realizing efficient management of Cizhu .

Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the influence of the age structure of Cizhu on the reproductive rate.

Figure 2 is a diagram showing the influence of the age structure of Cizhu on the growth rate of biomass.

Fig. 3 is the figure of the influence of the number of mother bamboos on the reproduction rate.

Fig. 4 is the figure of the influence of the number of mother bamboos on the growth rate of biomass.

Figure 5 is a graph showing the influence of diameter at breast height on reproduction rate of mother bamboos.

Figure 6 is a graph showing the influence of diameter at breast height on the growth rate of biomass of female bamboo.

Fig. 7 is the figure of influence of bamboo density on reproduction rate.

Figure 8 is a graph showing the influence of standing bamboo density on the growth rate of biomass.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing the influence of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on reproduction rate.

Figure 10 is a graph showing the influence of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on biomass growth rate.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing the influence of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on reproduction rate.

Figure 12 is a graph showing the influence of phosphorus fertilizer application rate on biomass growth rate.

Figure 13 is a diagram showing the influence of potassium fertilizer application rate on reproduction rate.

Figure 14 is a graph showing the influence of potassium fertilizer application rate on biomass growth rate.

detailed description

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.

The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and in no way taken as limiting the invention, its application or uses.

Techniques, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods and devices should be considered part of the description.

In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as exemplary only, and not as limitations. Therefore, other instances of the exemplary embodiment may have different values.

Ci bamboo cultivation method of the present disclosure comprises the steps:

Precise control of the structure of Cizhu:

(1) Control the number of plants of the mother bamboo to be 6-15/clump, and the average diameter at breast height of the mother bamboo is 4cm-5cm, wherein the mother bamboo is 1-3 years old. The average diameter at breast height of the remaining female bamboo can be measured by the following method: at a distance of 1.3m from the ground, measure with a vernier caliper or diameter ruler in the north-south direction and east-west direction, and take the average value. Retaining the mother bamboo is beneficial to ensure the regeneration and breeding of Cizhu and Xinzhu.

During concrete implementation, the selection method of keeping mother bamboo can be as follows:

Cutting down bamboo plants with diseases and insect pests.

6-15 bamboo strains that are 1-3 years old and 4cm-5cm in diameter in the bamboo clumps are kept as the mother bamboos, and the remaining 1-3-year-old bamboos in the bamboo clumps are cut down. The number ratio of 1-year-old bamboo plants and remaining bamboo plants in the remaining mother bamboo can be (1-1.5):1.

Further, the number ratio of 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the remaining mother bamboo is 1:1.

(2) From November of the current year to January of the next year, the proportion (quantity ratio) of one-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove is controlled to be 50%-70%, and the density of standing bamboos is kept less than 12000 plants·hm ^-2 . From November to January of the next year, bamboo plants over one year old can be harvested in good time. During specific implementation, keep the density of Cizhu standing bamboo at 8000 plants·hm ^-2 -10000 plants·hm ^-2 .

Further, the proportion of 1-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove is 60%-70%.

During specific implementation, the number ratio of 1-year-old bamboo plants, 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove can be (3.5-4):1:1. Further, the number ratio of 1-year-old bamboo plants, 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove is 4:1:1.

When controlling the proportion of 1-year-old bamboo plants in the bamboo grove, cut down 4-year-old and more than 4-year-old bamboo plants.

Precise regulation of nutrients in Cizhu:

Fertilize the bamboo clumps from April to May every year before the bamboo shoots emerge, and dig a ring-shaped fertilization ditch around the bamboo clumps. The depth of the fertilization ditch is 20cm-30cm, and the fertilization ditch is 5cm-10cm away from the bamboo clumps. Cover the ditch with a 5cm-10cm soil layer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application rate (pure nitrogen content) in the fertilizer is 181kg·hm ^-2 -191kg·hm ^-2 , and the phosphorus fertilizer application rate (P ₂ O ₅ amount) is 8kg·hm ^{- 2} -22kg·hm ^-2 , and the amount of potassium fertilizer (K ₂ O amount) is 32kg·hm ^-2 -49kg·hm ^-2 .

In practice, the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer can be 10kg·hm ^-2 .

The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials and reagents used can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified. equipment known to those skilled in the art.

Experimental site setting: In Guhe Town, Changning County, Sichuan Province, the bamboo forest was selected as the object, and a clustered bamboo forest with basically the same site conditions was selected to set up an experimental plot. Among them, the age structure, the number of mother bamboos kept, and the size of mother bamboos were regulated in clusters, and each structure type was set for 5 repetitions, and a total of 100 sample clusters were selected. There are 7 types of age structure, and 35 sample clusters are selected; 6 types are set for the number of mother bamboos, and 30 sample clusters are selected; 7 types of average DBH are selected, and 35 sample clusters are selected. The rational density experiment was set up to treat 7 samples, and the size of the sample plot was 10×10m. A total of 3 repetitions were set up, and a total of 21 sample plots were set. Each clump of bamboo in the sample plot is numbered, and each bamboo stem is marked with red paint. After setting up the standard land, investigate and record the basic conditions of each land such as longitude, latitude, altitude, slope aspect, slope position, slope, and operating conditions. The basic soil conditions of Cizhu forest land: soil bulk density 1.28g·cm ^-3 , pH value 4.39, organic matter content 16.91g·kg ^-1 , soil thickness 65-75cm, soil moist.

According to the size of the diameter at breast height, according to a diameter class of every 0.5cm, carry out classification, calculate the weighted average value for each diameter class bamboo plant, as the average diameter at breast height, the specific classification table is as follows:

Table 1 Diameter at breast height grading table

The age structure formula is S _a =N ₁ /N, dimensionless. Among them, S _a is the age structure, N is the number of female bamboos that are 2 years old and above, and N ₁ is the number of female bamboos that are 1 year old. In order to facilitate data comparison and analysis, the age structure of Cizhu is divided into 6 levels according to different age structure values, and the specific corresponding values are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Age Grading Table

Table 3 shows the types of the number of mother bamboos kept.

Table 3 Types of the number of mother bamboos kept in support

Table 4 is the density type of Cizhu standing bamboo.

Table 4 bamboo density type

On the basis of the orthogonal rotation combination design (Table 5), the different fertilizer application rates were encrypted (Table 6). A total of 78 sample plots were set up, and the size of the sample plots was 10×10m. Among them, 11 nitrogen fertilization treatments were set up, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and a total of 33 sample plots were set; 8 phosphorus fertilizer treatments were set, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and a total of 24 sample plots were set; 7 potassium fertilizer treatments were set, and each treatment There were 3 repetitions, and a total of 21 sample plots were set up. Each clump of bamboo in the sample plot is numbered, and each bamboo stem is marked with red paint. After setting up the standard land, investigate and record the basic conditions of each land such as longitude, latitude, altitude, slope aspect, slope position, slope, and operating conditions. The basic soil conditions of Cizhu forest land: soil bulk density 1.28g·cm ^-3 , pH value 4.39, organic matter content 16.91g·kg ^-1 , soil thickness 65-75cm, soil moist.

Table 5 Coding table for the design of fertilization amount of Cizhu

Table 6 Implementation table of fertilization amount of Cizhu

Biomass survey: 5 bamboo clumps with good growth and no pests and diseases were selected in the experimental forest as standard bamboo clumps to measure the biomass. In the bamboo clumps, 16 Arthias chinensis plants of different ages and diameters at breast height were selected as standard bamboos for testing and analysis. Saw off the selected bamboo plants from the base of the culm, measure the ground diameter, diameter at breast height, and total length of the bamboo stalk after removing the branches and leaves, then remove the branches and leaves respectively, and immediately measure the fresh weight of the branches, leaves, and stalks. At the same time, 500 g of branches, leaves and stalks were taken, and brought back to the laboratory and dried in an oven at 85°C until constant weight. After cooling, the dry weight was weighed to calculate the moisture content and the biomass of the whole plant. The biomass of the experimental bamboo bushes was obtained according to the age and DBH of the sample bushes in the plot.

The reproductive rate formula is R=N _s /N _m , dimensionless. Among them, R is the reproductive rate, N _m is the number of mother bamboos, and N _s is the number of adult bamboos.

The biomass growth rate formula B=B _n /B _o is dimensionless. Among them, B _n is the biomass of newly grown bamboo, and _Bo is the biomass of mother bamboo.

From Fig. 1, it can be concluded that the fitting function of the age structure and the reproductive rate of Cizhu: y=-0.0134x ² +0.0816x+0.3641, R ² =0.7842.

It can be seen from Figure 1 that the reproductive rate of Cizhu exhibits a downward parabolic change with the increase of age class, and the reproductive rate is the highest when the age class value is 0.5-1.5, exceeding 0.52.

From Fig. 2, it can be concluded that the fitting function of the age structure and biomass growth rate of Cizhu: y=-0.0172x ² +0.1392x+0.1036, R ² =0.8218.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that the change trend of biomass growth rate is similar to the change trend of reproduction rate, showing a downward parabolic change. When the age class value is 2.0-2.5, the maximum biomass growth rate is 0.37.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between reproductive rate and biomass growth rate and age structure shows that the proportion of 1-year-old female bamboos in bamboo clumps is 50-60%, and the number of new bamboos in Cizhu is the largest; the proportion of 1-year-old female bamboos in bamboo clumps is 60-67%, Cizhu Hsinchu biomass is greater.

From Fig. 3, it can be obtained that the fitting function of the number of female bamboos kept and the reproduction rate is: y=-0.0103x ² +0.0615x+0.3931, R ² =0.5587.

It can be seen from Figure 3 that the reproductive rate of Sagittarius bamboos changes in a parabolic shape with an opening downward as the number of female bamboos stays increases, and the reproductive rate is higher when the number of plants is 6-15, exceeding 0.50.

From Fig. 4, it can be obtained that the fitting function of the number of mother bamboo plants and the growth rate of biomass is: y=-0.0109x ² +0.073x+0.2253, R ² =0.732.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that the variation trend of the biomass growth rate is similar to that of the reproduction rate, showing a parabolic change with an opening downward. When the number of plants is 6-15, the biomass growth rate exceeds 0.35.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between reproduction rate, biomass growth rate and age structure shows that when the number of mother bamboos is 6-15, it has the highest reproduction rate and biomass growth rate.

From Fig. 5, it can be concluded that the fitting function of the diameter at breast height and the reproduction rate of the female bamboos kept: y=-0.0869x ² +0.8567x-1.5765, R ² =0.9656.

It can be seen from Figure 5 that the reproductive rate of Sagittarius bamboos changes in a parabolic shape with the opening downward as the average diameter class of the female bamboo increases. When the average diameter at breast height is 4-5 cm, it has a higher reproductive rate, which is 0.55.

From Fig. 6, it can be obtained that the fitting function of the DBH and the growth rate of the biomass of the retained female bamboo is: y=-0.0643x ² +0.6201x-1.1295, R ² =0.7513.

It can be seen from Figure 6 that the change trend of the biomass growth rate is similar to the change trend of the reproduction rate, showing a downward parabolic change. When the average DBH is 5-6cm, the biomass growth rate is 0.37.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between reproductive rate and biomass growth rate and the average DBH of the mother bamboo, when the average DBH of the female bamboo is 4-5cm, Cizhu has the highest reproductive rate and biomass growth rate.

From Fig. 7, it can be concluded that the fitting function of bamboo density and reproduction rate: y=0.0039x ² -0.0824x+0.7405, R ² =0.7247.

It can be seen from Figure 7 that the reproduction rate and biomass growth rate of Sagittarius bamboo showed a parabolic downward trend with the increase of standing bamboo density, and the stand with standing bamboo density < 8000 plants/hm ² had the highest reproductive rate, which was 0.70.

From Fig. 8, it can be concluded that the fitting function of bamboo density and biomass growth rate is: y=-0.0032x ² +0.0017x+0.4003, R ² =0.6884.

It can be seen from Figure 8 that the change trend of the biomass growth rate of Sagittarius bamboo is the same as the change trend of the reproduction rate. ^The biomass growth rate of 8000-10000 plants/hm2 is the highest at 0.41, followed by 10000-12000 plants/hm2. The biomass growth rate of hm ² is 0.39.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between reproduction rate, biomass growth rate and standing bamboo density shows that the reasonable standing bamboo density of Arthias citrifolia should be less than 12000 plants/hm ² , and further, the standing bamboo density can be 8000-10000 plants/hm ² .

From Fig. 9, it can be obtained that the fitting function of nitrogen fertilizer application amount and reproduction rate is: y=-8E-06x ² +0.0029x+0.3384, R ² =0.7056.

It can be seen from Figure 9 that the reproductive rate of Sagittarius bamboo increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. When the nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 164.68kg·hm ^-2 , the reproductive rate was the highest at 0.69.

From Fig. 10, the fitting function of nitrogen fertilizer application amount and biomass growth rate can be obtained: y=-6E-06x ² +0.0023x+0.2024, R ² =0.6031.

It can be seen from Figure 10 that the change trend of biomass growth rate is similar to the change trend of reproduction rate, showing a downward parabolic change. When the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 225kg·hm ^-2 , the highest reproduction rate is 0.55.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the reproductive rate and biomass growth rate and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, when the fertilization rate is 181-192kg·hm ^-2 , Cizhu has a higher reproductive rate and biomass growth rate.

It can be seen from Figures 11 and 12 that both the reproductive rate and biomass growth rate of Sagittarius bamboo increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application. When the phosphorus fertilizer application rate was 10kg·hm ^-2 , the The biomass growth rate reaches the maximum value, which are 0.65 and 0.75 respectively.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the reproductive rate and biomass growth rate and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application showed that when the fertilization rate was 8-22kg·hm ^-2 , Cizhu had a higher reproductive rate and biomass growth rate.

From Fig. 13, it can be obtained that the fitting function of potassium fertilizer application amount and reproduction rate is: y=-0.0002x ² +0.0129x+0.2638, R ² =0.8926.

It can be seen from Fig. 13 that the reproductive rate of Sagittarius bamboo exhibits a downward parabolic change with the increase of potassium fertilizer application. When the potassium fertilizer application rate is 32.38kg·hm ^-2 , the highest reproductive rate is 0.54.

From Fig. 14, it can be obtained that the fitting function of potassium fertilizer application amount to biomass growth rate is: y=-0.0001x ² +0.0098x+0.1808, R ² =0.8494.

It can be seen from Figure 14 that the change trend of the biomass growth rate is similar to the change trend of the reproduction rate, showing a downward parabolic change. When the potassium fertilizer application rate is 45kg·hm ^-2 , the maximum reproduction rate is 0.43.

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the reproductive rate and biomass growth rate and the amount of potassium fertilizer application showed that when the fertilization rate was 32-49kg·hm ^-2 , Cizhu had a higher reproductive rate and biomass growth rate.

Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail through examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are for illustration only and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. a method for cultivating Cizhu, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: Control the number of plants of the mother bamboos to be 6-15/cluster, and the average diameter of the mother bamboos to be kept is 4cm-5cm. Among them, the mother bamboos are 1-3 years old bamboo plants, and the 1-year-old bamboo plants and the remaining bamboo plants are kept in the mother bamboos. The quantity ratio is (1-1.5):1, and the quantity ratio of 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the mother bamboo is 1:1; The selection method of retaining mother bamboo is as follows: felling bamboo plants with pests and diseases; 6-15 bamboo strains of 4cm-5cm that are 4cm-5cm in the bamboo clumps are reserved, and the remaining 1-3-year-old bamboos in the bamboo clumps are cut down; From November of the current year to January of the next year, the ratio of the number of 1-year-old bamboo plants, 2-year-old bamboo plants and 3-year-old bamboo plants in the control bamboo grove is 4:1:1, and the ratio of 1-year-old bamboo plants in the control bamboo grove When cutting down 4-year-old and more than 4-year-old bamboo plants, the density of Cizhu standing bamboos is kept at 8000 plants·hm ^-2 -10000 plants·hm ^-2 ; Fertilize the bamboo clumps from April to May every year before the bamboo shoots emerge, and dig a ring-shaped fertilization ditch around the bamboo clumps. The depth of the fertilization ditch is 20cm-30cm, and the fertilization ditch is 5cm-10cm away from the bamboo clumps. Cover the ditch with a 5cm-10cm soil layer, in which the nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 181kg·hm ^-2 -192kg·hm ^-2 , the phosphorus fertilizer application rate is 10kg·hm ^-2 , and the potassium fertilizer application rate is 45kg·hm ^-2 .

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