CN112118614A - A method, device and electronic device for 5G network access control - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for controlling 5G network access, which is applied to a terminal and comprises the following steps: acquiring a mobile network code and a 5G cell identifier which are currently accessed by a terminal; inquiring a preset mapping relation table to obtain a network access mode supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relation table comprises the mobile network code, the 5G cell identifier, the network access mode and the mapping relation among the mobile network code, the 5G cell identifier, the network access mode and the three; displaying the acquired network access mode to a user for the user to select; and receiving a selection result input by the user, and accordingly completing the switching of the network access mode. The corresponding device and the electronic equipment are further provided for solving the problems of terminal power consumption and network load increase, communication abnormity and the like caused by coexistence of multiple networking modes, and therefore user experience is improved.

Description

A method, device and electronic device for 5G network access control

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus and an electronic device for 5G network access control.

Background technique

In the early stage of 5G (5th-Generation, fifth-generation mobile communication technology) construction, the networking modes include single-operator in-network 5G NSA (Non-Stand Alone, non-independent networking), 5G SA (Stand Alone, independent networking) , 5G NSA shared networking and 5G SA shared networking among multiple operators. In order to save 5G network expenses, multiple networking modes of a single operator and multiple shared networking modes among multiple operators will coexist for a long time. The coexistence of multiple networking modes has the following problems:

Under the NSA network, the terminal needs to connect to the 4G and 5G networks at the same time, which consumes more power than the SA network, and cannot support new 5G features such as low latency. In the case of shared networking among multiple operators, voice services and data services may be carried in Under the networks of different operators, there are situations of switching back and forth between different operators, and switching back and forth between 4G and 5G modes. As a result, during the standby process of the terminal, the baseband and radio frequency modules are constantly interacting and switching, increasing the terminal function. In the case of shared networking among multiple operators, the network speed and VoLTE (Voiceover Long-Term Evolution) call quality may be different due to different operators' network coverage quality and optimization. There are network and call exceptions caused by terminal and network compatibility issues, which ultimately affect user experience.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to aim at the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a method, device and electronic device for 5G network access control, which are used to solve the terminal power consumption and Increase the network load, abnormal communication and other problems, thereby improving the user experience.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for 5G network access control, which is applied to a terminal. The method includes: acquiring a mobile network code and a 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal; querying a preset mapping relationship table to obtain The network access mode supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship table includes the mobile network code, the 5G cell identifier, the network access mode and the mapping relationship among the three; the acquired The network access mode is displayed to the user for the user to select; the selection result input by the user is received, and the switching of the network access mode is completed accordingly.

Preferably, the network access modes include one or more of the following: intra-network 5G NSA, intra-network 5G SA, intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G SA, intra-network 5G SA and Inter-network 5G NSA, intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5GSA.

Preferably, before acquiring the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal, the method further includes: sending a request for acquiring the mapping relationship table to the network device; and receiving and storing the mapping relationship table fed back by the network device.

Preferably, the displaying the acquired network access mode to the user for selection by the user specifically includes: sequentially displaying the acquired network access mode to the user in a dynamic prompt manner, so that the user can select a corresponding network according to usage requirements Access mode, or display the obtained network access mode to the user in a preferred way for the user to choose, wherein the preferred mode includes the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the local network, the lowest delay mode between networks, and the maximum 5G coverage of the local network. Mode, 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the local network is intra-network 5G SA, and the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay mode between networks is intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA, the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of the local network is intra-network 5G NSA or intra-network 5G SA, and the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network is intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G NSA 5G NSA and inter-network 5G SA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for 5G network access control, which is applied to a terminal. The apparatus includes a first acquisition module, a second acquisition module, a display and selection module, and a switching module. The first obtaining module is used to obtain the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal. A second acquisition module, connected to the first acquisition module, is configured to query a preset mapping relationship table to acquire network access modes supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship table Including mobile network code, 5G cell identification, network access mode and the mapping relationship between the three. The display and selection module is connected to the second acquisition module, and is used for displaying the acquired network access mode to the user for selection by the user, and receiving the selection result input by the user. The switching module is connected with the display and selection module, and is used for completing the switching of the network access mode according to the selection result of the user.

Preferably, the device further includes a sending module and a storage module. The sending module is used to send a request for obtaining the mapping relationship table to the network device. The storage module is used for receiving and storing the mapping relation table fed back by the network device.

Preferably, the display and selection module includes a first display unit and a first selection unit. The first display unit is used to sequentially display the acquired network access mode to the user in a dynamic prompt manner, so that the user can select the network access mode according to the usage requirements, and the first selection unit is connected to the first display unit and is used for The selection result of the network access mode input by the user is received. Or the display and selection module includes a second display unit and a second selection unit. The second display unit is used for displaying the acquired network access mode to the user in a preferred way for the user to select, and the second selection unit is connected with the second display unit and is used for receiving the selection result of the preferred mode input by the user, wherein , the preferred modes include the lowest latency and lowest power consumption modes of the local network, the lowest latency mode between networks, the 5G maximum coverage mode of the local network, and the 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network. The network access modes corresponding to the lowest latency and lowest power consumption modes of the local network are Intra-network 5G SA, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay mode between networks is intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA, the network access mode corresponding to the maximum 5G coverage mode of the local network is intra-network 5G NSA or intra-network 5G SA, The network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network is intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G SA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA Internet 5G SA.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a network device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores computer instructions that can be run on the processor, and the processor executes the computer instructions when the processor runs the computer instructions. The method for 5G network access control described in the first aspect.

A method, device, and electronic device for 5G network access control provided by the embodiments of the present invention are obtained according to the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal to obtain the mobile network code and the network access supported by the 5G cell identifier. and display the acquired network access mode to the user, so that the user can select the network access mode according to their usage requirements, and complete the switching of the network access mode according to the user's selection result. In this way, the network access mode selected by the user can be accessed according to the network environment accessed by the terminal and the actual use requirement of the user, and the user experience can be improved. For example, when the user chooses to disable the inter-operator network sharing mode, the problems of terminal power consumption increase and communication command decrease caused by inter-operator frequency point or network switching can be avoided.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for 5G network access control according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an apparatus for 5G network access control according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, a method, an apparatus and an electronic device for 5G network access control of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1:

As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment provides a method for 5G network access control, which is applied to a terminal. The terminal includes devices such as a smart phone and a vehicle-mounted computer. The terminal has a built-in user identification card. The method for 5G network access control includes:

Step 101: Obtain the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal.

In this embodiment, the mobile network code (Mobile Network Code, MNC) is used to identify the operator, for example, the mobile network code 46001 identifies China Unicom, and the mobile network code 46000 identifies China Mobile. The 5G cell identity (New Radio 5G Cell Identity, NCI) is used to identify the 5G cell. The terminal to which the user belongs obtains the mobile network code and 5G cell identity it is currently accessing.

Optionally, before acquiring the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal, the method for 5G network access control further includes: sending a request for acquiring the mapping relationship table to the network device; receiving and storing the mapping relationship fed back by the network device. surface.

In this embodiment, the operator's network device stores a mapping relationship table, and the mapping relationship table includes a mobile network code, a 5G cell identifier, a network access mode, and a mapping relationship among the three. When the terminal accesses a 5G cell of a certain operator, the terminal sends a request for obtaining the mapping relationship table to the network device, and then receives and stores the mapping relationship table fed back by the network device to obtain a preset mapping relationship table. It should be noted that when the terminal has built-in user identification cards of two different operators (such as operator A and operator B), and both user identification cards have been connected to the corresponding mobile network, the terminal receives and stores The mapping relationship table fed back by the network devices of two different operators respectively. The mapping relationship table fed back by operator A includes network access modes corresponding to all 5G cell identities of operator A, and the mapping relationship table fed back by operator B includes network access modes corresponding to all 5G cell identities of operator B.

Step 102, query a preset mapping relationship table to obtain the network access mode supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship table includes the mobile network code, the 5G cell identifier, the network access mode and the three thereof the mapping relationship between them.

In this embodiment, the preset mapping relationship table stored by the terminal records the networking modes specifically adopted by different operators and different 5G base stations. Therefore, the mapping relationship table includes mobile network codes, 5G cell identifiers, network access modes and The mapping relationship between the three. For example, the mapping relationship data of an operator's 5G network access mode is shown in Table 1:

Table 1. Partial data of the mapping relationship table

It should be noted that the network access modes in Table 1 list all modes, but in practice, the network access modes supported by a 5G cell of an operator may include one or more of the following: 5G NSA in the network, Intranet 5G SA, intranet 5G NSA and internet 5G NSA, intranet 5G NSA and internet 5G SA, intranet 5G SA and internet 5G NSA, intranet 5G SA and internet 5GSA. For example, operator A's first 5G cell only supports intra-network 5G NSA, and operator B's second 5G cell supports not only intra-network 5G NSA, but also intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA.

In step 103, the acquired network access mode is displayed to the user for selection by the user.

In this embodiment, there are two ways for the terminal to display the acquired network access mode to the user for the user to select, and one of the ways may be selected. The first method is to sequentially display the acquired network access modes to the user for selection in a dynamic prompt manner, so that the user can select a corresponding network access mode according to usage requirements. For example, the terminal obtains the currently accessed mobile network code and 5G cell identifier by querying the preset mapping table. The supported network access modes include: intra-network 5G NSA, intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, 5G NSA There are three types of network access modes and 5G SA in different networks. The terminal displays the above three network access modes to the user in the form of dynamic prompts on the display screen, and the user selects a specific network access mode according to the current use requirements. The second way is for the terminal to display the acquired network access mode to the user in a preferred way, for the user to choose. There are four modes: coverage mode and 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network. Among them, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the local network is the intra-network 5G SA (that is, the terminal only accesses the intra-network 5G SA, when only 5G In the NSA network environment, the 5G access 4G mode is turned off), and the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay mode between the networks is the intra-network 5G SA and the inter-network 5G SA (that is, the shared network between operators is allowed, but the terminal only accesses the network). SA mode), the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of this network is the intra-network 5G NSA or the intra-network 5G SA (that is, the operator sharing networking mode is not enabled), and the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network For intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G SA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA (that is, allowing operators to shared). That is, the user only needs to select any one of the preferred modes according to the usage requirements, and does not need to know the specific network access mode corresponding to each mode in the preferred mode, and the terminal completes the corresponding network access according to the result of the preferred mode selected by the user. switch in mode.

Step 104: Receive the selection result input by the user, and complete the switching of the network access mode accordingly.

In the method for 5G network access control provided in this embodiment, the mobile network code and the network access mode supported by the 5G cell are acquired according to the mobile network code currently accessed by the terminal and the 5G cell identifier, and the acquired network access mode is obtained. The access mode is displayed to the user, so that the user can select a certain network access mode according to their usage requirements, and then the terminal completes the switching of the network access mode according to the user's selection result. In this way, according to the network environment of the user terminal and the actual use requirements of the user, access to a specific network access mode is realized, and the user experience is improved. For example, when the user chooses to turn off the operator's network sharing mode, it can avoid the situation that the power consumption of the terminal increases and the communication command decreases due to frequency or network switching between operators. In addition, the terminal displays the acquired network access mode to the user in a preferred way, so that the user can choose according to the usage requirements, wherein the preferred mode is closer to the user's usage requirements, so that the user does not need to know the specific network corresponding to the preferred mode The desired network access mode can be quickly selected according to the access mode, that is, the selection method of the preferred mode is more intelligent, thereby improving the user experience.

Example 2:

This embodiment provides a method for 5G network access control, which is applied to a terminal. The terminal includes devices such as a smart phone and a vehicle-mounted computer. The terminal has a built-in user identification card. The method for 5G network access control includes:

Step 201: Obtain the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal.

Step 202: Send a query request to the base station and receive a query result fed back by the base station. The query request includes the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier obtained by the terminal, so that the base station queries the preset mapping table to obtain the mobile network code accessed by the terminal and the network access mode supported by the 5G cell identifier, wherein, The mapping relationship table includes mobile network code, 5G cell identifier, network access mode and the mapping relationship among the three, and then the base station feeds back the query result to the terminal, and the query result includes the network access mode obtained by the base station.

In this embodiment, the base station stores a mapping relationship table in advance, and the mapping relationship table records the network access modes supported by the base station of the operator. The data format of the mapping relationship table is shown in Table 1 in Embodiment 1.

In step 203, the acquired network access mode is displayed to the user in a dynamic prompt or a preferred manner for the user to select.

Step 204: Receive the selection result input by the user, and complete the switching of the network access mode accordingly.

Example 3:

This embodiment provides a method for 5G network access control, which is applied to a terminal. The terminal includes devices such as a smart phone and a vehicle-mounted computer. The terminal has a built-in user identification card. The method for 5G network access control includes:

Step 301: Acquire the 5G application currently opened by the terminal, the mobile network code currently accessed by the terminal, and the 5G cell identifier.

In this embodiment, 5G applications refer to special applications with 5G network requirements (high bandwidth, low latency, stable coverage, etc.), such as automatic driving applications that require low latency for network quality.

Step 302: Query a preset mapping relationship table according to the acquired 5G application, mobile network code and 5G cell identifier, and acquire the network access mode supported by the 5G application, the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship The table includes 5G applications, mobile network codes, 5G cell identifiers, network access modes and their mapping relationships.

In this embodiment, a mapping relationship table is preset in the terminal. For example, when the terminal leaves the factory, the mapping table is stored in the local database of the terminal in advance. Later, as the operator's 5G base station is added or data is updated, the terminal can download and synchronize the mapping table from the operator's dedicated server to the terminal.

In step 303, the acquired network access mode is displayed to the user in a dynamic prompt or a preferred manner for the user to select.

Step 304: Receive the selection result input by the user, and complete the switching of the network access mode accordingly.

In this embodiment, since the mapping table includes 5G applications and their mapped network access modes, the terminal can quickly obtain a network access mode more suitable for the 5G application that the user is about to use for the user to choose. In the end, the user selects a network access mode according to their own needs, and a network access mode that is closer to the user's needs can be selected, thereby further improving the user's use experience. For example, when the user opens the autopilot application, the terminal obtains two network access modes: intra-network 5G SA, intra-network 5G SA, and inter-network SA for the user to choose.

Example 4:

As shown in FIG. 2 , this embodiment provides an apparatus for 5G network access control, which is applied to a terminal. The apparatus includes a first acquisition module 41 , a second acquisition module 42 , a display and selection module 43 , and a switching module 44 .

The first acquiring module 41 is configured to acquire the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal.

The second obtaining module 42 is connected to the first obtaining module 41, and is used to query a preset mapping relationship table to obtain the network access mode supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship table includes the mobile network code , 5G cell identity, network access mode and the mapping relationship between the three.

The display and selection module 43, connected to the second acquisition module 42, is used for displaying the acquired network access mode to the user for selection by the user, and receiving the selection result input by the user.

The switching module 44 is connected to the display and selection module 43, and is used for completing the switching of the network access mode according to the selection result of the user.

Optionally, the apparatus further includes a sending module and a storage module. The sending module is used to send a request for obtaining the mapping relationship table to the network device. The storage module is used for receiving and storing the mapping relation table fed back by the network device.

Optionally, the display and selection module includes a first display unit and a first selection unit. The first display unit is used to sequentially display the acquired network access modes to the user in a dynamic prompt manner, so that the user can select the network access mode according to the usage requirements. The first selection unit, connected to the first display unit, is used for receiving the selection result of the network access mode input by the user.

Alternatively, the display and selection module includes a second display unit and a second selection unit. The second display unit is used for displaying the acquired network access mode to the user in a preferred manner for the user to select. The second selection unit is connected to the second display unit, and is used for receiving the selection result of the preferred mode input by the user. Among them, the preferred modes include the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the network, the lowest delay mode between networks, the maximum coverage mode of 5G of the network, and the maximum coverage mode of 5G of the entire network. Among them, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the local network is intra-network 5G SA, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay mode between networks is intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA, and the maximum coverage of local network 5G is The network access mode corresponding to the mode is intra-network 5G NSA or intra-network 5G SA, and the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network is intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G SA, Or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA.

Example 5:

As shown in FIG. 3, this embodiment provides a network device, including a memory 51 and a processor 52, the memory 51 stores a computer program, and the processor 52 is configured to run the computer program to implement the network described in Embodiment 1 Method for slice selection.

Wherein, the memory 51 is connected to the processor 52, the memory 51 can be a flash memory or a read-only memory or other memories, and the processor 52 can be a central processing unit or a single-chip microcomputer.

It can be understood that the above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for 5G network access control, applied to a terminal, characterized in that, comprising: Obtain the mobile network code and 5G cell identity currently accessed by the terminal; Query the preset mapping relationship table to obtain the network access mode supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship table includes the mobile network code, the 5G cell identifier, the network access mode and its three components. The mapping relationship between them; Display the acquired network access mode to the user for user selection; The selection result input by the user is received, and the switching of the network access mode is completed accordingly. 2. The method for 5G network access control according to claim 1, wherein the network access mode comprises one or more of the following: Intranet 5G NSA, intranet 5G SA, intranet 5G NSA and internet 5G NSA, intranet 5G NSA and internet 5G SA, intranet 5GSA and internet 5G NSA, intranet 5G SA and internet 5G SA. 3. The method for 5G network access control according to claim 2, wherein before the acquiring the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal, further comprising: Send a request to obtain the mapping table to the network device; Receive and store the mapping relationship table fed back by the network device. 4. The method for 5G network access control according to claim 3, wherein the displaying the acquired network access mode to the user for selection by the user specifically comprises: Display the acquired network access modes to the user in sequence in a dynamic prompt mode, so that the user can select the corresponding network access mode according to the usage requirements, or The obtained network access mode is displayed to the user in a preferred way for the user to choose, wherein the preferred way includes the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the local network, the lowest delay mode between the networks, the 5G maximum coverage mode of the local network, and the 5G network of the whole network. The maximum coverage mode, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay and the lowest power consumption mode of the local network is the intra-network 5G SA, the network access mode corresponding to the inter-network lowest delay mode is the intra-network 5G SA and the inter-network 5G SA, the local network 5G SA The network access mode corresponding to the maximum coverage mode is intra-network 5G NSA or intra-network 5G SA, and the network access mode corresponding to the full-network 5G maximum coverage mode is intra-network 5G NSA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G NSA and intra-network 5G NSA. Network 5G SA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5GSA. 5. An apparatus for 5G network access control, applied to a terminal, characterized in that it comprises a first acquisition module, a second acquisition module, a display and selection module, and a switching module, The first acquisition module is used to acquire the mobile network code and 5G cell identifier currently accessed by the terminal, A second acquisition module, connected to the first acquisition module, is configured to query a preset mapping relationship table to acquire network access modes supported by the mobile network code and the 5G cell identifier, wherein the mapping relationship table Including mobile network code, 5G cell identification, network access mode and the mapping relationship between the three, a display and selection module, connected with the second acquisition module, for displaying the acquired network access mode to the user for selection by the user, and receiving the selection result input by the user, The switching module is connected with the display and selection module, and is used for completing the switching of the network access mode according to the selection result of the user. 6. The device for 5G network access control according to claim 5, further comprising a sending module and a storage module, The sending module is used to send a request for obtaining the mapping relationship table to the network device, The storage module is used for receiving and storing the mapping relation table fed back by the network device. 7. The device for 5G network access control according to claim 6, wherein the display and selection module comprises a first display unit, the first selection unit or the display and selection module comprises a second display unit and a second selection unit , The first display unit is used to sequentially display the acquired network access mode to the user in a dynamic prompt manner, so that the user can select the network access mode according to the usage requirements, a first selection unit, connected to the first display unit, for receiving the selection result of the network access mode input by the user, or a second display unit, configured to display the acquired network access mode to the user in a preferred manner for selection by the user, The second selection unit is connected to the second display unit, and is used for receiving the selection result of the preferred mode input by the user, wherein the preferred mode includes the lowest delay and the lowest power consumption mode of the local network, the lowest delay mode between the networks, and the maximum coverage of the 5G network of the local network. Mode, the 5G maximum coverage mode of the whole network, the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay and lowest power consumption mode of the local network is intra-network 5GSA, and the network access mode corresponding to the lowest delay mode between networks is intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA , the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of this network is intra-network 5G NSA or intra-network 5G SA, and the network access mode corresponding to the 5G maximum coverage mode of the entire network is intra-network 5G NSA and different network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G NSA 5G NSA and inter-network 5G SA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G NSA, or intra-network 5G SA and inter-network 5G SA. 8. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein computer instructions that can be run on the processor are stored on the memory, wherein the processor executes claims 1- when executing the computer instructions The method of any one of 4.

Images