Internal and external concave cavity combined configuration standing vortex combustion chamber
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aero-engines and gas turbine combustors, in particular to a trapped vortex combustor with combined configuration of inner and outer cavities.
Background
The development of modern aeroengines and gas turbines places higher demands on the performance of the combustion chamber, one of the key problems being that the combustion chamber should have a wider flame holding range and lower pollutant emission properties, etc. Therefore, various efficient and low-pollution combustion technologies, such as lean oil premixing and pre-evaporation technology, lean oil direct injection technology, double-ring premixing and swirl combustion technology, rich-quenching-lean oil technology, trapped vortex combustion technology and the like, are sequentially proposed and developed in various countries of the world. The vortex-holding combustion chamber is a novel combustion chamber proposed in the 90 th century, and is different from the traditional vortex-holding flame combustion chamber, and the vortex-holding combustion chamber has the characteristics of simple structure, light weight, small total pressure loss and the like by arranging a concave cavity structure in a combustion chamber channel. Meanwhile, the standing vortex structure in the concave cavity can avoid direct influence of the main flow, so that a zoned and graded combustion mode is formed. In addition, according to the actual working state, the oil-gas ratio of the standing vortex area and the main combustion area can be flexibly allocated, and the aims of high-efficiency combustion and low pollution emission of the standing vortex combustion can be realized.
Most of the existing standing vortex combustion chambers are of inward concave cavity structures, combustion reaction areas and areas of the existing standing vortex combustion chambers are limited, regulation and control of staged and partitioned combustion are not facilitated, and combustion efficiency and pollutant emission efficiency are low.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a trapped vortex combustion chamber with a combined configuration of inner and outer cavities.
The trapped vortex combustion chamber comprises a diffuser, a combustion chamber shell, an oil delivery pipe, an igniter and a flame tube with a concave cavity combination configuration, wherein the combustion chamber shell is connected with the diffuser; the oil delivery pipe comprises a main oil pipe, annular oil pipes and thin oil pipes, wherein the oil delivery pipe is of a tubular structure, the main oil pipe is a bendable metal pipe, the number of the oil delivery pipes is 2 to 6, and the oil delivery pipes are uniformly distributed and installed on the annular oil pipes in the circumferential direction; the flame tube comprises an inner channel inlet, an inner cavity inclined section upper mixing hole, an igniter mounting through hole, an inner cavity horizontal section, an inner cavity shared vertical section, a shared vertical section upper through hole, an outer cavity horizontal section, an outer cavity inclined section, an outer cavity, a fixed connecting rod and an inner cavity, wherein the outer cavity is formed by encircling the outer cavity inclined section, the outer cavity horizontal section and the inner cavity shared vertical section, and the inner cavity is formed by encircling the inner cavity inclined section, the inner cavity horizontal section and the inner cavity vertical section.
The thin oil pipes are bent metal pipes, the number of the thin oil pipes is 8 to 16, the thin oil pipes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed and installed on the annular oil pipes, the number of the annular oil pipes is 1, and the installation included angle between the main oil pipe and the thin oil pipes on the annular oil pipes can be 90-160 degrees.
The flame tube with the combined inner and outer cavities is fixedly connected with the combustion chamber shell through the fixed connecting rods, the number of the fixed connecting rods is 2 to 4, and one ends of the fixed connecting rods are fixed on the horizontal section of the inner cavity, so that the flame tube with the combined inner and outer cavities is positioned at the center of the combustion chamber shell.
The number of the igniters is 2, two igniters are mounted on the horizontal section of the inner concave cavity, and the mounting included angle between the two igniters is 90-180 degrees.
Wherein the included angle between the inclined section of the inner concave cavity and the horizontal section of the inner concave cavity is 110-160 degrees.
The number of the mixing holes on the inclined section of the concave cavity is 8 to 16, the number of the mixing holes is consistent with the number of the fine oil pipes, the mixing holes are circumferentially uniformly distributed on the inclined section of the concave cavity, and the diameter of a circumferentially arranged ring of the mixing holes is consistent with the diameter of a ring-shaped oil pipe.
The igniter mounting through holes are formed in the horizontal section of the inner concave cavity in 1-2 numbers, and the number of the igniter mounting through holes is consistent with the number of the igniters.
Wherein the included angle between the horizontal section of the outer concave cavity and the inclined section of the outer concave cavity is 110-160 degrees.
The height of the outer concave cavity inclined section is smaller than the diameter of the inner concave cavity horizontal section, and the height of the outer concave cavity inclined section is larger than 1/2 of the diameter of the concave cavity horizontal section.
The inner and outer cavities share through holes in the vertical section in 2-3 circles in the radial direction, the number of the through holes in the vertical section in each circle is 8-16, two adjacent circles of through holes are arranged in a staggered mode, and part of the oil pipes in the thin oil pipes extend to the outer cavities through the through holes in the vertical section in the inner and outer cavities.
The invention provides the inner and outer cavity combined configuration standing vortex combustion chamber, and the traditional straight flame tube is designed into the inner and outer cavity combined configuration, so that compared with the conventional standing vortex combustion chamber, the standing vortex combustion chamber effectively utilizes the outer cavity structure, thereby increasing the low-speed mixing space and the combustion area of fuel and air and being beneficial to improving the combustion efficiency of fuel. On the other hand, as the inner cavity and the outer cavity share the vertical section, a plurality of through holes are designed, so that the flow and heat exchange between the inner cavity and the outer cavity are facilitated. When fuel is mainly injected into the inner concave cavity, an oil-rich area is formed in the inner concave cavity, and the fuel flows into the outer concave cavity through the through holes on the shared vertical section and is mixed with air to form a lean combustion area, so that partition combustion is naturally formed, the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is relatively uniform, a local high-temperature area is not formed, and the formation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides can be effectively inhibited. In addition, the invention can be further expanded into simultaneous oil injection of the inner cavity and the outer cavity, so as to be used for the working state of the aeroengine cart. Under this strip, the two cavities have continuous heat and mass exchange due to the large number of through holes in the inner and outer cavities, which is beneficial for balancing the temperature in the combustion chamber.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a trapped vortex combustor with combined configuration of inner and outer cavities provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an oil delivery pipe in a trapped vortex combustion chamber with a combined configuration of inner and outer cavities according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a flame tube with a combined configuration of cavities in a trapped vortex combustion chamber with a combined configuration of inner and outer cavities according to an embodiment of the present invention;
The names corresponding to the reference numerals in the drawings are: 1-diffuser, 2-combustion chamber shell, 3-oil delivery pipe, 301-main oil pipe, 302-annular oil pipe, 303-fine oil pipe, 4-igniter, 5-cavity combined flame tube, 501-inner channel inflow port, 502-inner cavity inclined section, 503 inner cavity inclined section upper mixing hole, 504-igniter mounting through hole, 505-inner cavity horizontal section, 506-inner cavity sharing vertical section, 507-sharing vertical section upper through hole, 508-outer cavity horizontal section, 509-outer cavity inclined section, 510-outer cavity, 511-fixed connecting rod and 512-inner cavity.
Detailed Description
The following are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations are also considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the trapped vortex combustion chamber comprises a diffuser 1, a combustion chamber shell 2, an oil delivery pipe 3, an igniter 4 and a flame tube 5 with an inner cavity and outer cavity combined configuration; the combustion chamber housing 2 is connected to the diffuser 1. The oil delivery pipe 3 comprises a main oil pipe 301, an annular oil pipe 302 and a thin oil pipe 303, wherein the main oil pipe 301 and the thin oil pipe 303 are bendable metal pipes, so that the actual assembly position is convenient to adjust, and the main oil pipe 301 and the thin oil pipe 303 are connected with the annular oil pipe 302.
The flame tube 5 with the combined configuration of the inner cavity and the outer cavity is of a cylindrical structure, is connected with the combustion chamber shell through the fixed connecting rod 511 and is arranged in the center of the combustion chamber flow passage. The inner and outer bowl combination configuration of the liner 5 divides the main air flow entering from the diffuser 1 into an inner channel flow entering the interior of the liner 5 through the inner channel inflow 501 and an outer channel flow. The inner and outer cavity combined flame tube 5 comprises an inner cavity 512, an outer cavity 510 and a fixed connecting rod 511, wherein the inner cavity 512, the outer cavity 510 and the inner and outer cavities share a vertical section 506.
The inner cavity 512 is surrounded by the inner cavity inclined section 502, the inner cavity horizontal section 505 and the inner and outer cavity shared vertical section 506; the outer cavity is surrounded by the inner and outer cavity common vertical section 506, the outer cavity horizontal section 508 and the outer cavity inclined section 509. The inclined section 502 of the inner concave cavity is provided with mixing holes 503 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction for the penetration of the fine pipe 303, and simultaneously, partial external channel flow is allowed to enter, and the diameter of the circumferentially arranged ring of the mixing holes 503 is consistent with the diameter of the ring of the annular oil pipe 302. The inner cavity horizontal section 505 is provided with a through hole for installing the igniter 4. The inner and outer concave cavities share the vertical section 506 and are provided with through holes 507 on the shared vertical section.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the present invention,
The number of the main oil pipes 301 is 2-6, and the main oil pipes 301 are uniformly distributed on the annular oil pipes 302 in the circumferential direction.
The number of the annular oil pipes is 1, and the annular diameter is consistent with the arrangement circumference of the mixing holes 503.
The number of the igniters is 1-2.
The number of the thin oil pipes 303 is 8-16, the thin oil pipes are uniformly distributed on the annular oil pipe 302 in the circumferential direction, and the installation included angle between the main oil pipe and the thin oil pipes can be 90-160 degrees.
The number of the blending holes 503 in the inclined section of the concave cavity can be 8-16, the specific number is consistent with the number of the fine oil pipes 303, and the blending holes 503 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the inclined section 502 of the concave cavity.
The angle between the inclined inner cavity section 502 and the horizontal inner cavity section 505 may be 110 ° -160 °.
The number of the igniter mounting through holes 504 on the horizontal section of the inner concave cavity is 1-2, and the number of the igniter mounting through holes is practically identical to that of the igniters. When the number of igniters is 2, the installation included angle can be 90-180 degrees.
The fixed connecting rods 511 are arranged on the inner concave cavity horizontal section 505, have the number of 2-4, are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and are used for connecting the combustion chamber shell to fix the multi-concave cavity flame tube.
The inner and outer concave cavity shared vertical section 506 is provided with shared vertical section upper through holes 507, specifically, 2-3 circles of shared vertical section upper through holes uniformly distributed circumferentially are arranged in the radial direction of the inner and outer concave cavity shared vertical section 506, the number of holes in each circle is 8-16, and two adjacent circles of holes are staggered.
The outer bowl horizontal segment 508 may be angled at an angle of 110-160 with respect to the outer bowl diagonal segment 509.
The ratio of the diameter of the outer bowl horizontal segment 508 to the diameter of the inner bowl horizontal segment 505 may be 0.3-0.7.
The outer bowl diagonal segment 509 has a height that is less than the diameter of the inner bowl horizontal segment 505 but greater than 1/2 of the diameter of the bowl horizontal segment 505.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the main stream air enters the combustion chamber after passing through the diffuser, and flows under the action of the flame tube with the combined configuration of the inner cavity and the outer cavity to be divided into two paths: an inner channel flow and an outer channel flow. When the inner and outer channel flows respectively flow through the inner concave cavity and the outer concave cavity, a vortex structure is formed in the concave cavity under the shearing action. Then opening an oil way, and injecting fuel oil into the inner concave cavity through the thin oil pipe after the fuel oil is converged into the annular oil pipe through the main oil pipe, and simultaneously, enabling part of the outer channel to flow through the mixing holes on the inclined section of the inner concave cavity to enter the inner concave cavity to be mixed with the injected fuel oil, and starting the igniter to ignite at the moment. In the inner concave cavity, fuel oil can not be completely combusted, part of the fuel oil and the channel flow continue to be mixed and combusted, and the other part of the fuel oil enters the outer concave cavity through the through hole on the shared vertical section to continue to be combusted. The through holes on the common vertical section are beneficial to balancing the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, so that the combustion efficiency is improved and the pollutant emission is reduced.
The invention provides an inner and outer concave cavity combined configuration trapped vortex combustion chamber, which comprises the following specific working processes:
When the engine works, main flow air flows through the diffuser 1 and enters the combustion chamber shell 2, the flame tube configuration 5 with the combined structure of the inner cavity and the outer cavity divides the main flow air into two parts, the main flow air enters the inner channel through the inflow port 501 of the inner channel respectively, and the main flow air enters the outer channel of the flame tube 5 through the channel between the combustion chamber shell 2 and the flame tube 5. And then starting oil supply, wherein the oil is converged into the annular oil pipe 302 through the multi-path main oil pipe 301 and then sprayed into the inner concave cavity through the fine oil pipe, the oil is firstly mixed with air entering from the inclined section mixing holes 503 of the inner concave cavity after being sprayed, at the moment, the igniter 4 is started to ignite, and then the fuel is not mixed with the air entering from the inner channel continuously, so that vortex combustion is formed in the inner concave cavity 512. Because the fuel is mainly injected into the inner concave cavity, the fuel-air ratio is relatively high, and a fuel-rich area is naturally formed. Part of the fuel in the cavity rich region continues to mix with air in the inner passage, and the other part flows into the outer cavity 510 through the common vertical section through hole 507. As the air passing through the outer flow path passes through the outer bowl 510, a swirling structure is formed in the outer bowl 510, also under shear, to continue to react with the fuel flowing in from the rich region of the inner bowl 512. Finally, the combustion products in the inner and outer channels are discharged together through the outlet of the combustion chamber.
The invention provides the inner and outer cavity combined configuration standing vortex combustion chamber, and the traditional straight flame tube is designed into the inner and outer cavity combined configuration, so that compared with the conventional standing vortex combustion chamber, the standing vortex combustion chamber effectively utilizes the outer cavity structure, thereby increasing the low-speed mixing space and the combustion area of fuel and air and being beneficial to improving the combustion efficiency of fuel. On the other hand, as the inner cavity and the outer cavity share the vertical section, a plurality of through holes are designed, so that the flow and heat exchange between the inner cavity and the outer cavity are facilitated. When fuel is mainly injected into the inner concave cavity, an oil-rich area is formed in the inner concave cavity, and the fuel flows into the outer concave cavity through the through holes on the shared vertical section and is mixed with air to form a lean combustion area, so that partition combustion is naturally formed, the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is relatively uniform, a local high-temperature area is not formed, and the formation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides can be effectively inhibited. In addition, the invention can be further expanded into simultaneous oil injection of the inner cavity and the outer cavity, so as to be used for the working state of the aeroengine cart. Under this strip, the two cavities have continuous heat and mass exchange due to the large number of through holes in the inner and outer cavities, which is beneficial for balancing the temperature in the combustion chamber.
The foregoing examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention, which are described in greater detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.