CN112104051A - Charging control system for super capacitor module - Google Patents
Charging control system for super capacitor module Download PDFInfo
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- CN112104051A CN112104051A CN202010885879.8A CN202010885879A CN112104051A CN 112104051 A CN112104051 A CN 112104051A CN 202010885879 A CN202010885879 A CN 202010885879A CN 112104051 A CN112104051 A CN 112104051A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 177
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2176—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only comprising a passive stage to generate a rectified sinusoidal voltage and a controlled switching element in series between such stage and the output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于超级电容模组的充电控制系统，其能很好地满足超级电容产品大电流快速充电、安全、高效率的需求；其包括顺序电连接的AC/DC开关电源电路、DC/DC降压开关电源电路、充电管理系统电路，所述AC/DC开关电源电路通过交流市电供电，其中，所述AC/DC开关电源电路，用以实现开关电源的软启动；所述DC/DC降压开关电源电路，用以调整输出电流电压；所述充电管理系统电路，用以防止电能倒流而损坏DC/DC电源。
The invention provides a charging control system for a supercapacitor module, which can well meet the requirements of high current fast charging, safety and high efficiency of supercapacitor products; it includes an AC/DC switching power supply circuit that is electrically connected in sequence , DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, charging management system circuit, the AC/DC switching power supply circuit is powered by AC mains, wherein, the AC/DC switching power supply circuit is used to realize the soft start of the switching power supply; The DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit is used to adjust the output current and voltage; the charging management system circuit is used to prevent the backflow of electric energy from damaging the DC/DC power supply.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及超级电容模组技术领域，具体为一种用于超级电容模组的充电控制系统。The invention relates to the technical field of supercapacitor modules, in particular to a charging control system for supercapacitor modules.
背景技术Background technique
超级电容作为目前工业领域内一种新型的储能器件，以其功率密度大、充电速度快、循环寿命长、工作温度范围宽、环境污染小等诸多优点，在城市轨道交通、风力发电、太阳能发电、电动汽车、军工设备、重型机械、电信行业、电动工具、电动玩具等众多领域和场合得到了广泛的应用，而超级电容在使用、维护过程中难免会遇到需要充电时候，因此充电器是超容产品不可或缺的一种配套设备，但是市面上常规的铅酸、锂电池充电设备并不能很好地匹配超级电容的特性，无法实现满足超级电容产品大电流快速充电、安全、高效率的需求。As a new type of energy storage device in the current industrial field, supercapacitors have many advantages such as high power density, fast charging speed, long cycle life, wide operating temperature range, and low environmental pollution. Power generation, electric vehicles, military equipment, heavy machinery, telecommunications industry, power tools, electric toys and many other fields and occasions have been widely used, and super capacitors will inevitably encounter times when they need to be charged during use and maintenance. Therefore, the charger It is an indispensable supporting equipment for supercapacitor products, but the conventional lead-acid and lithium battery charging equipment on the market cannot well match the characteristics of supercapacitors, and cannot achieve high-current fast charging, safety, and high-efficiency requirements for supercapacitor products. efficiency needs.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述问题，本发明提供了一种用于超级电容模组的充电控制系统，其能很好地满足超级电容产品大电流快速充电、安全、高效率的需求。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a charging control system for a supercapacitor module, which can well meet the requirements of high-current fast charging, safety, and high efficiency of supercapacitor products.
其技术方案是这样的，一种用于超级电容模组的充电控制系统，其特征在于：其包括顺序电连接的AC/DC开关电源电路、DC/DC降压开关电源电路、充电管理系统电路，所述AC/DC开关电源电路通过交流市电供电，其中，所述AC/DC开关电源电路，用以实现开关电源的软启动；所述DC/DC降压开关电源电路，用以调整输出电流电压；所述充电管理系统电路，用以防止电能倒流而损坏DC/DC电源。The technical solution is as follows, a charging control system for a supercapacitor module, characterized in that it includes an AC/DC switching power supply circuit, a DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, and a charging management system circuit that are electrically connected in sequence. , the AC/DC switching power supply circuit is powered by AC mains, wherein the AC/DC switching power supply circuit is used to realize the soft start of the switching power supply; the DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit is used to adjust the output Current and voltage; the charging management system circuit is used to prevent the DC/DC power supply from being damaged due to the reverse flow of electric energy.
其进一步特征在于：It is further characterized by:
所述AC/DC开关电源电路包括熔断器F1、滤波电感L1、电容Cx1、Cx2、Cy1、Cy2、电容C1～C11、电阻R1～R18、稳压管D5～D10、二极管D1～D4、开关变压器T1、开关管Q1、Q2、控制器U1、分流器U2、光电耦合器U3、电感L2，所述控制器U1采用型号为UCC28600DR控制芯片，所述分流器U2采用型号为TL431CDBZR芯片，所述光电耦合器U3采用型号为PC817耦合芯片；所述交流市电依次经过所述熔断器F1、由滤波电感L1及电容Cx1、Cx2、Cy1、Cy2组成的EMI滤波器、由D1～D4组成的整流桥以及电容C1后进入开关变压器T1的初级绕组Np，所述电阻R1的一端与所述电容C1、C3、电阻R4、R6的一端、开关变压器T1的2脚均相连接，所述电容C1的另一端接地，所述电阻R1的另一端依次串联连接所述电阻R2、R3、电容C2后与所述电容C6的一端、稳压管D8的负极、控制器U1的6脚均相连接，所述电容C3的另一端经所述电阻R5后与所述电阻R4、R6的另一端、稳压管D5的负极均相连接，所述稳压管D5的正极与所述开关管Q1的1脚、开关变压器T1的1脚均相连接，所述开关管Q1的3脚与所述电阻R7的一端、稳压管D6的正极均相连接，所述电阻R7的另一端、稳压管D6的负极连接后接于所述控制器U1的5脚，所述开关管Q1的2脚与所述电阻R8、R9的一端相连接，所述电阻R8的另一端与所述电容C4的一端相连后接地，所述电容C4的另一端接地，所述电阻R9的另一端与所述控制器U1的3脚、电容C11的一端、稳压管D9的负极均相连接，所述电容C11的另一端与所述控制器U1的4脚相连后接地，所述控制器U1的1脚连接所述电容C9后接地，所述控制器U1的2脚与所述光电耦合器U3的3脚相连，所述开关变压器T1的4脚接地，所述开关变压器T1的3脚与所述稳压管D7的正极、电阻R10的一端均相连接，所述电阻R10的另一端与所述电阻R11的一端、控制器U1的7脚均相连接，所述电阻R11的另一端接地，所述稳压管D7的负极与所述电阻R13、R12、电容C5的一端均相连接，所述电阻R13的另一端连接所述稳压管D8的正极，所述电容C5、C6的另一端均接地，所述电阻R12的另一端与所述开关变压器T1的8脚、稳压管D9的正极均相连接，所述开关变压器T1的5脚经所述电感L2后与所述电容C7、电阻R14、R17的一端均相连接，所述开关变压器T1的6脚与所述开关管Q2的1脚相连接，所述开关管Q2的2脚与所述电容C7的另一端相连后接地，所述电阻R14的另一端与所述电阻R15、电容C8的一端、稳压管D10的负极均相连接，所述电容C8的另一端、稳压管D10的正极相连后接地，所述电阻R15的另一端与所述电阻R16的一端、光电耦合器U3的1脚均相连接，所述电阻R16的另一端与所述光电耦合器U3的2脚、电容C10的一端、分流器U2的1脚均相连接，所述电阻R17、电容C10的另一端与所述光电耦合器U3的3脚、电阻R18的一端均相连接，所述电阻R18的另一端与所述光电耦合器U3的4脚、分流器U2的2脚均相连接后接地；The AC/DC switching power supply circuit includes a fuse F1, a filter inductor L1, capacitors Cx1, Cx2, Cy1, Cy2, capacitors C1 to C11, resistors R1 to R18, voltage regulator tubes D5 to D10, diodes D1 to D4, and a switching transformer. T1, switch tubes Q1, Q2, controller U1, shunt U2, optocoupler U3, inductor L2, the controller U1 adopts the UCC28600DR control chip, the shunt U2 adopts the TL431CDBZR chip, the photoelectric The coupler U3 adopts a PC817 coupling chip; the AC mains passes through the fuse F1, the EMI filter composed of the filter inductor L1 and capacitors Cx1, Cx2, Cy1, and Cy2, and the rectifier bridge composed of D1 to D4. And the capacitor C1 enters the primary winding Np of the switching transformer T1, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the capacitors C1, C3, one end of the resistors R4, R6, and the 2 pins of the switching transformer T1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected. One end is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected in series with the resistors R2, R3, and capacitor C2, and then connected to one end of the capacitor C6, the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube D8, and the 6-pin of the controller U1. The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the other ends of the resistors R4 and R6 and the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube D5 through the resistor R5. The positive electrode of the voltage regulator tube D5 is connected to the 1 pin of the switch tube Q1,
所述DC/DC降压开关电源电路包括稳压器U4、电容C12～C21、电阻R19～R26、稳压管D11、开关管Q3、Q4、电感L3，所述稳压器U4采用型号是LTC7800稳压芯片，所述电容C7的一端经所述电阻R19后与所述电容C12、C13的一端、开关管Q3的1脚、稳压器U4的17脚均相连接，所述电容C12、C13的另一端相连后接地，所述电阻R20接于所述稳压器U4的9脚，所述电容C14的一端经所述电阻R22后与所述电容C15的一端相连后接于所述稳压器U4的8脚，所述电阻R21的一端接于所述稳压器U4的20脚，所述电容C16的一端接于所述稳压器U4的19脚，所述电容C14、C15、C16、电阻R21的另一端与所述稳压器U4的21脚均相连后接地，所述稳压器U4的14脚与所述电容C17的一端、稳压管D11的正极均相连接，所述电容C17的另一端与所述稳压器U4的16脚相连后接地，所述稳压管D11的负极与所述所述电容C18的一端、稳压器U4的12脚均相连接，所述稳压器U4的10脚连接所述开关管Q3的3脚，所述开关管Q3的2脚与所述电容C18的另一端、开关管Q4的1脚、稳压器U4的11脚、电感L3的一端均相连接，所述开关管Q4的2脚接地，所述开关管Q4的3脚连接所述稳压器U4的13脚，所述稳压器U4的6脚与所述电阻R23、电容C19的一端均相连接，所述电阻R23的另一端与所述电感L3的另一端、电阻R24的一端均相连接，所述稳压器U4的5脚与所述电阻R24、电容C19的另一端、电阻R25、电容C20、C21的一端均相连接，所述稳压器U4的7脚与所述电阻R26的一端、电阻R25、电容C20的另一端均相连接，所述电阻R26、电容C21的另一端相连后接地；The DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit includes a voltage regulator U4, capacitors C12-C21, resistors R19-R26, a voltage regulator D11, switching tubes Q3, Q4, and an inductor L3. The voltage regulator U4 adopts the model LTC7800 Voltage regulator chip, one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to one end of the capacitors C12 and C13, the 1 pin of the switch Q3, and the 17 pin of the voltage regulator U4 after the resistor R19. The capacitors C12 and C13 are all connected. The other end of the capacitor C14 is connected to the ground after being connected to the ground, the resistor R20 is connected to the 9 pin of the voltage stabilizer U4, one end of the capacitor C14 is connected to one end of the capacitor C15 through the resistor R22, and then connected to the
所述充电管理系统电路包括充电管理器U5、电容C22～C29、电阻R27～R38、开关管Q5、Q6，所述充电管理器U5采用型号为LTC4000管理芯片；所述稳压器U4的5脚与所述电容C23的一端、充电管理器U5的19脚、开关管Q5的1脚均相连接，所述电容C23的另一端接地，所述稳压器U4的15脚与所述充电管理器U5的20脚、电阻R27的一端均相连接，所述电阻R27的另一端经所述电容C22后接于所述充电管理器U5的21脚，所述开关管Q5的3脚接于充电管理器U5的18脚，所述电容C7的一端与所述电容C24、电阻R28的一端、充电管理器U5的23脚均相连接，所述电阻R28的另一端经所述电阻R29后接地，所述电容C24的另一端接地，所述充电管理器U5的25脚接于所述电阻R28、R29串联连接端之间，所述充电管理器U5的27脚经所述电容C25后接地，所述充电管理器U5的2脚经所述电容C26后接地，所述电容C27的一端连接所述充电管理器U5的5脚，所述电阻R35的一端连接所述充电管理器U5的4脚，所述电阻R36的一端连接所述充电管理器U5的3脚，所述充电管理器U5的9脚与所述电容C28、电阻R33的一端均相连接，所述电容C27、C28、电阻R35、R36的另一端与所述充电管理器U5的24脚均相连接后接地，所述开关管Q5的2脚与所述充电管理器U5的16脚、电阻R30、R31的一端均相连接，所述电阻R30的另一端与所述充电管理器U5的17脚、电阻R38的一端均相连接，所述电阻R31的另一端与所述充电管理器U5的15脚、开关管Q6的1脚均相连接，所述充电管理器U5的14脚连接所述开关管Q6的3脚，所述充电管理器U5的13脚与所述开关管Q6的2脚、电阻R37、电容C29的一端均相连接，所述电容C29的另一端与所述电阻R34的一端相连后接地，所述充电管理器U5的10脚与所述电阻R34、R33的另一端均相连接，所述电阻R38的另一端与所述电阻R32的一端、充电管理器U5的11脚均相连接，所述充电管理器U5的12脚与所述电阻R32、R37的另一端均相连接。The charging management system circuit includes a charging manager U5, capacitors C22-C29, resistors R27-R38, switch tubes Q5 and Q6, and the charging manager U5 adopts the LTC4000 management chip; the 5-pin of the voltage stabilizer U4 It is connected to one end of the capacitor C23, the 19 pin of the charging manager U5, and the 1 pin of the switch Q5. The other end of the capacitor C23 is grounded, and the 15 pin of the voltage regulator U4 is connected to the charging manager.
本发明的有益效果是，其通过AC/DC开关电源电路将市电转换成直流电，然后通过DC/DC降压开关电源电路向超级电容模组提供电流/电压可按需调整的直流电，最后由充电管理系统电路提供充电过程管理、安全保护功能，以满足超级电容安全、高效率、快速充电的需求，从而有助于推动超级电容产品的应用与技术发展，具有较好的实用及推广价值。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it converts the commercial power into direct current through the AC/DC switching power supply circuit, and then provides the supercapacitor module with direct current whose current/voltage can be adjusted as needed through the DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, and finally The charging management system circuit provides charging process management and safety protection functions to meet the needs of super capacitor safety, high efficiency and fast charging, thereby helping to promote the application and technical development of super capacitor products, and has good practical and promotion value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention;
图2是本发明中AC/DC开关电源电路的电路原理图；2 is a circuit schematic diagram of an AC/DC switching power supply circuit in the present invention;
图3是本发明中DC/DC降压开关电源电路的电路原理图；3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit in the present invention;
图4是本发明中充电管理系统电路的电路原理图。FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of the charging management system circuit in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1～图4所示，本发明一种用于超级电容模组的充电控制系统，其包括顺序电连接的AC/DC开关电源电路、DC/DC降压开关电源电路、充电管理系统电路，AC/DC开关电源电路通过交流市电供电；其中，AC/DC开关电源电路，用以实现开关电源的软启动；DC/DC降压开关电源电路，用以调整输出电流电压；充电管理系统电路，用以防止电能倒流而损坏DC/DC电源。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , a charging control system for a supercapacitor module of the present invention includes an AC/DC switching power supply circuit, a DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, and a charging management system circuit that are electrically connected in sequence. , The AC/DC switching power supply circuit is powered by AC mains; among them, the AC/DC switching power supply circuit is used to realize the soft start of the switching power supply; the DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit is used to adjust the output current and voltage; the charging management system The circuit is used to prevent the DC/DC power supply from being damaged by the reverse flow of electric energy.
AC/DC开关电源电路包括熔断器F1、滤波电感L1、电容Cx1、Cx2、Cy1、Cy2、电容C1～C11、电阻R1～R18、稳压管D5～D10、二极管D1～D4、开关变压器T1、开关管Q1、Q2、控制器U1、分流器U2、光电耦合器U3、电感L2，控制器U1采用型号为UCC28600DR控制芯片，分流器U2采用型号为TL431CDBZR芯片，光电耦合器U3采用型号为PC817耦合芯片；交流市电依次经过熔断器F1、由滤波电感L1及电容Cx1、Cx2、Cy1、Cy2组成的EMI滤波器、由D1～D4组成的整流桥以及电容C1后进入开关变压器T1的初级绕组Np，电阻R1的一端与电容C1、C3、电阻R4、R6的一端、开关变压器T1的2脚均相连接，电容C1的另一端接地，电阻R1的另一端依次串联连接电阻R2、R3、电容C2后与电容C6的一端、稳压管D8的负极、控制器U1的6脚均相连接，电容C3的另一端经电阻R5后与电阻R4、R6的另一端、稳压管D5的负极均相连接，稳压管D5的正极与开关管Q1的1脚、开关变压器T1的1脚均相连接，开关管Q1的3脚与电阻R7的一端、稳压管D6的正极均相连接，电阻R7的另一端、稳压管D6的负极连接后接于控制器U1的5脚，开关管Q1的2脚与电阻R8、R9的一端相连接，电阻R8的另一端与电容C4的一端相连后接地，电容C4的另一端接地，电阻R9的另一端与控制器U1的3脚、电容C11的一端、稳压管D9的负极均相连接，电容C11的另一端与控制器U1的4脚相连后接地，控制器U1的1脚连接电容C9后接地，控制器U1的2脚与光电耦合器U3的3脚相连，开关变压器T1的4脚接地，开关变压器T1的3脚与稳压管D7的正极、电阻R10的一端均相连接，电阻R10的另一端与电阻R11的一端、控制器U1的7脚均相连接，电阻R11的另一端接地，稳压管D7的负极与电阻R13、R12、电容C5的一端均相连接，电阻R13的另一端连接稳压管D8的正极，电容C5、C6的另一端均接地，电阻R12的另一端与开关变压器T1的8脚、稳压管D9的正极均相连接，开关变压器T1的5脚经电感L2后与电容C7、电阻R14、R17的一端均相连接，开关变压器T1的6脚与开关管Q2的1脚相连接，开关管Q2的2脚与电容C7的另一端相连后接地，电阻R14的另一端与电阻R15、电容C8的一端、稳压管D10的负极均相连接，电容C8的另一端、稳压管D10的正极相连后接地，电阻R15的另一端与电阻R16的一端、光电耦合器U3的1脚均相连接，电阻R16的另一端与光电耦合器U3的2脚、电容C10的一端、分流器U2的1脚均相连接，电阻R17、电容C10的另一端与光电耦合器U3的3脚、电阻R18的一端均相连接，电阻R18的另一端与光电耦合器U3的4脚、分流器U2的2脚均相连接后接地；The AC/DC switching power supply circuit includes fuse F1, filter inductor L1, capacitors Cx1, Cx2, Cy1, Cy2, capacitors C1~C11, resistors R1~R18, voltage regulator tubes D5~D10, diodes D1~D4, switching transformer T1, Switch tubes Q1, Q2, controller U1, shunt U2, optocoupler U3, inductor L2, controller U1 adopts UCC28600DR control chip, shunt U2 adopts TL431CDBZR chip, photocoupler U3 adopts PC817 coupling Chip; AC mains passes through fuse F1, EMI filter composed of filter inductor L1 and capacitors Cx1, Cx2, Cy1, Cy2, rectifier bridge composed of D1~D4 and capacitor C1, and then enters the primary winding Np of switching transformer T1 , one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the capacitors C1, C3, one end of the resistors R4 and R6, and the 2-pin of the switching transformer T1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected in series with the resistors R2, R3, and the capacitor C2. Then it is connected to one end of capacitor C6, the negative electrode of Zener tube D8, and the 6th pin of controller U1. The other end of capacitor C3 is connected to the other end of resistors R4 and R6, and the negative pole of Zener tube D5 through resistor R5. Connection, the positive pole of the voltage regulator tube D5 is connected to the 1 pin of the switch tube Q1 and the 1 pin of the switching transformer T1, the 3rd pin of the switch tube Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R7 and the positive pole of the regulator tube D6, and the resistor R7 The other end of the voltage regulator tube D6 is connected to the 5th pin of the controller U1, the 2nd pin of the switch tube Q1 is connected to one end of the resistors R8 and R9, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to one end of the capacitor C4 and then grounded , the other end of capacitor C4 is grounded, the other end of resistor R9 is connected to
具体地，交流市电依次经过熔断器F1、由滤波电感L1及电容Cx1、Cx2、Cy1、Cy2组成的EMI滤波器、由D1～D4组成的整流桥以及滤波电容C1后进入开关变压器T1的初级绕组Np，开关管Q1、Q2在控制器U1引脚5的控制下高速通断，从而让绕组Np不断充电、放电，以将电能转换成磁场能并传递给开关变压器T1的次级绕组Ns和辅助绕组Na，次级绕组Ns感应出的电压信号经过开关管Q2整流后输出脉动的直流电压，此脉动直流电压经电容C7组成LC滤波回路后，输出平滑、稳定DC24V的直流电压给后一级DC/DC变换电源，控制器U1的1脚为缓启动接口，则控制器U1引脚1与电容C9连接，实现开关电源的软启动。Specifically, the AC mains passes through the fuse F1, the EMI filter composed of the filter inductor L1 and capacitors Cx1, Cx2, Cy1, and Cy2, the rectifier bridge composed of D1 to D4, and the filter capacitor C1, and then enters the primary of the switching transformer T1. Winding Np, switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned on and off at high speed under the control of
DC/DC降压开关电源电路包括稳压器U4、电容C12～C21、电阻R19～R26、稳压管D11、开关管Q3、Q4、电感L3，稳压器U4采用型号是LTC7800稳压芯片，电容C7的一端经电阻R19后与电容C12、C13的一端、开关管Q3的1脚、稳压器U4的17脚均相连接，电容C12、C13的另一端相连后接地，电阻R20接于稳压器U4的9脚，电容C14的一端经电阻R22后与电容C15的一端相连后接于稳压器U4的8脚，电阻R21的一端接于稳压器U4的20脚，电容C16的一端接于稳压器U4的19脚，电容C14、C15、C16、电阻R21的另一端与稳压器U4的21脚均相连后接地，稳压器U4的14脚与电容C17的一端、稳压管D11的正极均相连接，电容C17的另一端与稳压器U4的16脚相连后接地，稳压管D11的负极与电容C18的一端、稳压器U4的12脚均相连接，稳压器U4的10脚连接开关管Q3的3脚，开关管Q3的2脚与电容C18的另一端、开关管Q4的1脚、稳压器U4的11脚、电感L3的一端均相连接，开关管Q4的2脚接地，开关管Q4的3脚连接稳压器U4的13脚，稳压器U4的6脚与电阻R23、电容C19的一端均相连接，电阻R23的另一端与电感L3的另一端、电阻R24的一端均相连接，稳压器U4的5脚与电阻R24、电容C19的另一端、电阻R25、电容C20、C21的一端均相连接，稳压器U4的7脚与电阻R26的一端、电阻R25、电容C20的另一端均相连接，电阻R26、电容C21的另一端相连后接地；The DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit includes voltage regulator U4, capacitors C12~C21, resistors R19~R26, voltage regulator tube D11, switch tubes Q3, Q4, and inductor L3. The voltage regulator U4 adopts the model LTC7800 voltage regulator chip. One end of capacitor C7 is connected to one end of capacitors C12 and C13 through resistor R19, 1 pin of switch Q3, and 17 pin of voltage regulator U4.
具体地，开关管Q3和Q4、电感L3、电容C20和C21组成Buck拓扑，其中开关管Q3在稳压器U4引脚10的控制下高速通断，在一个开关周期内，开关管Q3导通时电感L3充电储能(此时开关管Q4关断)，当开关管Q3关断时，电感L3放电释能，此时开关管Q4在稳压器U4引脚13的控制下导通，实现电感L3放电期间的续流功能，稳压器U4的引脚5、6通过采样电阻R24的分压检测DC/DC变换电源输出电流的大小，通过电阻R25、R26和电容C20形成的分压电路，将此分压值送入稳压器U4的引脚7，以检测DC/DC变换电源输出电压的大小，通过配置与稳压器U4引脚19相连的电容C16可实现电源的软启动，稳压器U4引脚20与电阻R21相连，可以通过电阻R21阻值改变从而改变此开关电源开关频率，以实现输出电流电压的调整。Specifically, the switches Q3 and Q4, the inductor L3, and the capacitors C20 and C21 form a Buck topology, in which the switch Q3 is turned on and off at high speed under the control of the
充电管理系统电路包括充电管理器U5、电容C22～C29、电阻R27～R38、开关管Q5、Q6，充电管理器U5采用型号为LTC4000管理芯片；稳压器U4的5脚与电容C23的一端、充电管理器U5的19脚、开关管Q5的1脚均相连接，电容C23的另一端接地，稳压器U4的15脚与充电管理器U5的20脚、电阻R27的一端均相连接，电阻R27的另一端经电容C22后接于充电管理器U5的21脚，开关管Q5的3脚接于充电管理器U5的18脚，电容C7的一端与电容C24、电阻R28的一端、充电管理器U5的23脚均相连接，电阻R28的另一端经电阻R29后接地，电容C24的另一端接地，充电管理器U5的25脚接于电阻R28、R29串联连接端之间，充电管理器U5的27脚经电容C25后接地，充电管理器U5的2脚经电容C26后接地，电容C27的一端连接充电管理器U5的5脚，电阻R35的一端连接充电管理器U5的4脚，电阻R36的一端连接充电管理器U5的3脚，充电管理器U5的9脚与电容C28、电阻R33的一端均相连接，电容C27、C28、电阻R35、R36的另一端与充电管理器U5的24脚均相连接后接地，开关管Q5的2脚与充电管理器U5的16脚、电阻R30、R31的一端均相连接，电阻R30的另一端与充电管理器U5的17脚、电阻R38的一端均相连接，电阻R31的另一端与充电管理器U5的15脚、开关管Q6的1脚均相连接，充电管理器U5的14脚连接开关管Q6的3脚，充电管理器U5的13脚与开关管Q6的2脚、电阻R37、电容C29的一端均相连接，电容C29的另一端与电阻R34的一端相连后接地，充电管理器U5的10脚与电阻R34、R33的另一端均相连接，电阻R38的另一端与电阻R32的一端、充电管理器U5的11脚均相连接，充电管理器U5的12脚与电阻R32、R37的另一端均相连接，其中，电容C29作为超级电容。The charging management system circuit includes charging manager U5, capacitors C22~C29, resistors R27~R38, switch tubes Q5, Q6. The charging manager U5 adopts the model LTC4000 management chip; pin 5 of the voltage regulator U4 and one end of the capacitor C23,
具体地，由电阻R28、R29和电容C24组成的反馈网络将DC/DC电源的输出电压送入充电管理器U5的23、25引脚，由电阻R30、R38组成的反馈网络将充电电流在电阻R38上转换为电压信号后送入充电管理器U5的17、11引脚，由电阻R30、R38组成的反馈网络将充电电压在电阻R32上取样后送入充电管理器U5的12、11引脚，充电管理器U5的9脚输出一路2.9V的恒定偏置电压，此电压经电阻R33、R34分压取样后以电压的形式反映NTC电阻R34监测的超级电容模组内部温度，以让充电管理器U5对超级电容执行超温保护，开关管Q5在充电管理器U5的18脚的控制下负责充电时让超级电容模组与前一级直流电源接通，并通过充电管理器U5的引脚14控制开关管Q6的导通状态，以调节充电电流与电压，开关管Q5作为一种安全冗余装置而设置，负责系统出现故障时将超级电容与电源系统可靠隔离，最大限度防止电能从超容向DC/DC电源系统倒流而损坏DC/DC电源；Specifically, the feedback network composed of resistors R28, R29 and capacitor C24 sends the output voltage of the DC/DC power supply to
且在充电管理系统电路中，通过配置电阻R35、R31的阻值来设定充电电流限定值；通过配置电阻R36、R31的阻值来设定充电终止电流；通过配置电阻R30、R38的阻值来设定充电输出电压；通过配置电阻R32、R37的阻值来设定浮充电压。And in the charging management system circuit, the charging current limit value is set by configuring the resistance values of the resistors R35 and R31; the charging termination current is set by configuring the resistance values of the resistors R36 and R31; the charging termination current is set by configuring the resistance values of the resistors R30 and R38. To set the charging output voltage; set the floating voltage by configuring the resistance values of the resistors R32 and R37.
本发明相对于线性直流电源，开关电源效率高、体积重量小，通过选择开关电源将市电转换成直流电，然后通过由Buck(降压)拓扑组成的DC/DC开关电源，向超级电容模组提供电流/电压可按需调整的直流电，最后由可配置超级电容充电管理系统电路提供充电过程管理、安全保护功能，以满足超级电容安全、高效率、快速充电的需求。Compared with the linear DC power supply, the present invention has the advantages of high efficiency of the switching power supply and small volume and weight. By selecting the switching power supply, the commercial power is converted into the DC power, and then the DC/DC switching power supply composed of Buck (buck) topology is used to supply the super capacitor module. Provides DC current/voltage that can be adjusted on demand, and finally provides charging process management and safety protection functions by the configurable supercapacitor charging management system circuit to meet the needs of supercapacitors for safe, high-efficiency, and fast charging.
综上，本发明中，1、开关变压器T1优选正激工作模式，以适应大功率、大电流输出的需求，且开关变压器T1输出侧以开关管Q2替代传统的整流二极管或整流桥，此开关管Q2与开关变压器T1原边侧的开关管Q1同步驱动，在实现整流功能的同时，可有效减小开关电源的输出内阻，从而降低开关电源内部的功率损耗，以及开关变压器T1输出侧优选电感L2及电容C7组成LC滤波回路，以增强外输出的外特性，以适应大功率、大电流输出的需求；In summary, in the present invention, 1. The switching transformer T1 is preferably in a forward working mode to meet the needs of high power and high current output, and the output side of the switching transformer T1 replaces the traditional rectifier diode or rectifier bridge with a switch tube Q2. The transistor Q2 is driven synchronously with the switching transistor Q1 on the primary side of the switching transformer T1, which can effectively reduce the output internal resistance of the switching power supply while realizing the rectification function, thereby reducing the internal power loss of the switching power supply, and the output side of the switching transformer T1 is preferred. The inductor L2 and the capacitor C7 form an LC filter circuit to enhance the external characteristics of the external output to meet the needs of high power and high current output;
2、DC/DC降压开关电源电路中，通过开关管Q4替代传统的续流二极管，在实现整流功能的同时，减小DC/DC变换电源的输出内阻，从而有效减小DC/DC变换电源内部的功率损耗；2. In the DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, the traditional freewheeling diode is replaced by the switch tube Q4, while the rectification function is realized, the output internal resistance of the DC/DC conversion power supply is reduced, thereby effectively reducing the DC/DC conversion. Power loss inside the power supply;
3、AC/DC开关电源电路、DC/DC降压开关电源电路、充电管理系统电路均可实现软启动，以防止充电控制系统上电、充电开始阶段过流、过压对充电控制系统或超级电容造成损伤；3. The AC/DC switching power supply circuit, the DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, and the charging management system circuit can all realize soft start to prevent the charging control system from powering on, overcurrent and overvoltage at the beginning of the charging phase to the charging control system or supercharger. capacitor damage;
4、本发明的充电控制系统，充电周期的90％以上的时间以恒定的大电流进行充电，相比其它的充电方式，恒流充电不仅速度快，而且充电能效高，可避免恒压充电初期充电电流过大而使超级电容报废，且恒流系统硬件的实现也相对简单；充电末期采用浮充方式充电(即在保证超级电容模组电压不超过其额定值的同时进行小电流充电，当此阶段充电电流减小到设定值时，充电周期结束)，浮充可减小恒流充电末期电压跌落，提高超级电容量利用率并有效延长超容产品的使用寿命；4. In the charging control system of the present invention, more than 90% of the charging cycle is charged with a constant high current. Compared with other charging methods, constant current charging is not only fast, but also has high charging energy efficiency, which can avoid the initial stage of constant voltage charging. The charging current is too large and the supercapacitor is scrapped, and the hardware implementation of the constant current system is relatively simple; at the end of charging, the floating charging method is used (that is, small current charging is performed while ensuring that the voltage of the supercapacitor module does not exceed its rated value. At this stage, when the charging current decreases to the set value, the charging cycle ends), and floating charging can reduce the voltage drop at the end of constant current charging, improve the utilization rate of supercapacitors and effectively prolong the service life of supercapacitor products;
5、本发明无需编程，只需要通过合理配置充电管理器U5上指定引脚的外围的阻容元件，即可实现充电状态的自动转换与故障保护；5. The present invention does not require programming, and only needs to reasonably configure the peripheral resistance-capacitance elements of the designated pins on the charging manager U5 to realize the automatic conversion and fault protection of the charging state;
6、AC/DC开关电源电路、DC/DC降压开关电源电路、充电管理系统电路均可通过对各自的核心IC芯片(U1、U4、U5)的外围器件进行合理的配置，搭配组合出满足不同电压、电流的要求的充电器，系统具备一定的通用性。6. The AC/DC switching power supply circuit, the DC/DC step-down switching power supply circuit, and the charging management system circuit can all be reasonably configured by the peripheral devices of their respective core IC chips (U1, U4, U5), and the combination can meet the requirements. For chargers with different voltage and current requirements, the system has certain versatility.
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which are therefore intended to fall within the scope of the claims. All changes within the meaning and range of the equivalents of , are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
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