CN112089475B

CN112089475B - Femoral head extramedullary fixation drilling bracket

Info

Publication number: CN112089475B
Application number: CN202010884120.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卿黎明; 唐举玉; 吴攀峰; 周征兵; 俞芳; 黄承雄; 黎啸啸
Original assignee: Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Current assignee: Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
Priority date: 2020-08-28
Filing date: 2020-08-28
Publication date: 2021-07-13
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-28
Also published as: CN112089475A

Abstract

The invention discloses a femoral head extramedullary fixation type drilling bracket, comprising an external fixator, a guide adjustment mechanism, a drill bit and a cross frame, the cross frame is supported on a support surface outside the femoral head, and the external fixator is slidably mounted on the cross frame The guide adjustment mechanism is slidably mounted on the outer fixing frame, and the drill bit is installed on the guide adjustment mechanism. The external fixator is slidably mounted on the straddle frame, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of the external fixator relative to the surgical site, and the external fixator is locked with the straddle frame after being adjusted in place to maintain the stability of the external fixator. The guiding and adjusting mechanism plays the role of guiding and adjusting the drill bit, so as to ensure that the drill bit is in the best position and the most suitable angle, and accurately drills to the lesion site. The invention also has the advantages of reliable use, simple operation and easy maintenance.

Description

Femoral head marrow external fixation type drilling support

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support.

Background

The femoral head necrosis is a common orthopedic disease, also called ischemic femoral head necrosis, symptoms such as pain, claudication, joint stiffness, hip joint function limitation and the like usually appear after a patient suffers from the disease, if attention is not drawn in time, the femoral head necrosis can be freely developed, the caplet change of the femoral head and the bone collapse can be gradually caused, further hip arthritis is formed, and the work and life quality of the patient is seriously affected.

The femoral head necrosis needs interventional operation treatment in the early collapse stage, so that the femoral head of the patient is kept to the maximum extent, and further collapse and damage are avoided. The femoral head necrosis bone transplantation is one of femoral head hip protecting operation treatment means, is suitable for early femoral head necrosis, and is especially suitable for patients with small pathological change range, non-collapsed bones and light age. The femoral head hip protection operation is to implant a bone flap with blood circulation by thoroughly removing focus. When the focus is removed, a certain cervical shaft angle and a forward inclination angle are kept below the femoral greater trochanter through X-ray fluoroscopy to drill a hole in the femoral head, so that the tip of the drill reaches the focus area of the femur. Once the necrotic bone tissue is completely removed, the surgical effect is directly affected. However, at present, no auxiliary tool for removing the focus, which is reliable in use, accurate in positioning and convenient to operate, is available, and can accurately position the drill bit to directly reach the focus position.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art, and provides a femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support which can realize accurate guiding and positioning of a focus clearing drill bit, is reliable to use, convenient to adjust, simple to operate and easy to maintain.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support comprises an external fixing frame, a guiding adjusting mechanism, a drill bit and a spanning frame, wherein the spanning frame is supported on a supporting surface outside a femoral head, the external fixing frame is slidably mounted on the spanning frame, the guiding adjusting mechanism is slidably mounted on the external fixing frame, the drill bit is mounted on the guiding adjusting mechanism, and the guiding adjusting mechanism drives the drill bit to be locked after being adjusted to a preset position and a preset angle on the external fixing frame.

The external fixation frame is provided with a sliding groove for penetrating through the guide adjusting mechanism, and the guide adjusting mechanism comprises a position adjusting component for adjusting the drilling position of the drill bit and an angle adjusting component for adjusting the drilling angle of the drill bit.

The position adjustment component comprises an axial movement component for adjusting the drill bit to move relative to the axial direction of the femoral head and a radial movement component for adjusting the drill bit to move relative to the radial direction of the femoral head.

The axial moving assembly comprises a sliding box and a first locking screw, one side of the sliding box is provided with a groove used for being clamped on the external fixing frame, and one side of the groove is provided with the first locking screw used for locking the position of the sliding box on the external fixing frame.

The radial movement assembly comprises a sliding rod, a gear shaft and a second locking screw, the sliding rod penetrates through the axial movement assembly and moves on the outer fixing frame along with the axial movement assembly, a rack is arranged on one side of the sliding rod, the gear shaft is arranged in the axial movement assembly and meshed with the rack end of the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod to move to a preset radial position, and the second locking screw is arranged at the upper end of the axial movement assembly and used for locking the position of the sliding rod on the axial movement assembly.

The angle adjusting component comprises a vertical angle adjusting component used for adjusting the vertical angle of the drill bit and a transverse angle adjusting component used for adjusting the transverse angle of the drill bit.

The vertical angle adjusting assembly comprises an assembly shell, a driving gear, a deflection frame and a third locking screw, the assembly shell is fixedly arranged at one end of the radial moving assembly, one end of the deflection frame is provided with a gear, the other end of the deflection frame is a U-shaped deflection frame, the driving gear and the deflection frame which are meshed with each other are arranged in the assembly shell, the driving gear drives the deflection frame to rotate to a preset vertical angle, and the third locking screw for locking the rotation angle of the driving gear is arranged on the assembly shell.

The horizontal angle adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting seat, a guide sleeve and a fourth locking screw, the adjusting seat is installed on the vertical angle adjusting assembly and rotates to a preset horizontal angle, the vertical angle adjusting assembly is provided with the fourth locking screw for locking the rotating angle of the adjusting seat, and the guide sleeve is sleeved in the adjusting seat in a detachable connection mode.

The external fixing frame comprises a connecting rod and a positioning frame, the connecting rod is slidably mounted on the span frame in a detachable connection mode, one end of the positioning frame penetrates through the connecting rod and keeps fixed, and the other end of the positioning frame is slidably mounted with a guide adjusting mechanism.

Scales are arranged on the straddle, the external fixing frame and the guide adjusting mechanism.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the external fixing frame of the femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support is slidably arranged on the straddle, so that the position of the external fixing frame relative to an operation part can be conveniently adjusted, and the external fixing frame is locked with the straddle after being adjusted in place, and the stability of the external fixing frame is kept. The guiding and adjusting mechanism plays a role in guiding and adjusting the drill bit, so that the drill bit is ensured to accurately drill to a focus part at the optimal position and the optimal angle. The guide adjusting mechanism is arranged on the outer fixing frame in a sliding mode, so that the position of the guide adjusting mechanism can be adjusted conveniently, and the guide and the positioning of the drill bit can be matched well. The guide adjusting mechanism drives the drill bit to be adjusted to a preset position and a preset angle on the external fixing frame to form locking, so that the guide adjusting mechanism has a stable guiding effect on the drill bit. The invention also has the advantages of reliable use, simple operation and easy maintenance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view structural diagram of a femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support.

Fig. 2 is a top view of a femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support.

Fig. 3 is a first perspective view of a femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support.

Fig. 4 is a second perspective view of a femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a split three-dimensional structure of the guiding and adjusting mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the axial moving assembly.

Illustration of the drawings:

1. an outer fixing frame; 11. a chute; 12. a connecting rod; 13. a positioning frame; 2. a guide adjusting mechanism; 21. a position adjusting member; 211. an axial movement assembly; 2111. a slide box; 2112. a first locking screw; 2113. a groove; 212. a radial movement assembly; 2121. a slide bar; 2122. a gear shaft; 2123. a second locking screw; 22. an angle adjusting member; 221. a vertical angle adjustment assembly; 2211. a component housing; 2212. a driving gear; 2213. a deflection frame; 2214. a third locking screw; 222. a lateral angle adjustment assembly; 2221. an adjusting seat; 2222. a guide sleeve; 2223. a fourth locking screw; 3. a drill bit; 4. a straddle frame; 5. and (4) calibration.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the extramedullary fixed drilling support for femoral head of this embodiment includes an external fixing frame 1, a guiding adjustment mechanism 2, a drill bit 3 and a spanning frame 4, wherein the spanning frame 4 is supported on a supporting surface outside the femoral head, the external fixing frame 1 is slidably mounted on the spanning frame 4, the guiding adjustment mechanism 2 is slidably mounted on the external fixing frame 1, the drill bit 3 is mounted on the guiding adjustment mechanism 2, and the guiding adjustment mechanism 2 drives the drill bit 3 to be adjusted to a predetermined position and a predetermined angle on the external fixing frame 1 to form a lock. The external fixing frame 1 is arranged on the cross frame 4 in a sliding mode, so that the position of the external fixing frame 1 relative to the operation position can be conveniently adjusted, and the external fixing frame 1 is locked with the cross frame 4 after being adjusted in place, and the stability of the external fixing frame 1 is kept. The guiding and adjusting mechanism 2 plays a role in guiding and adjusting the drill bit 3, so that the drill bit 3 is ensured to accurately drill to a focus part at the optimal position and the optimal angle. The guide adjusting mechanism 2 is slidably arranged on the outer fixing frame 1, so that the position of the guide adjusting mechanism 2 can be conveniently adjusted, and the guide and the positioning of the drill bit 3 can be better matched. The guiding and adjusting mechanism 2 drives the drill bit 3 to be adjusted to a preset position and a preset angle on the external fixing frame 1 to form locking, so that the guiding and adjusting mechanism 2 has a stable guiding effect on the drill bit 3. The embodiment also has the advantages of reliable use, simple operation and easy maintenance.

In this embodiment, the external fixing frame 1 is provided with a sliding chute 11 for penetrating through the guiding and adjusting mechanism 2, and the guiding and adjusting mechanism 2 comprises a position adjusting component 21 for adjusting the drilling position of the drill bit 3 and an angle adjusting component 22 for adjusting the drilling angle of the drill bit 3. The sliding groove 11 is convenient for the guide adjusting mechanism 2 to slide to a proper position on the external fixing frame 1, and is convenient for the adjustment of the guide adjusting mechanism 2. The position adjusting part 21 moves the drill bit 3 to a proper drilling position. The angle adjusting part 22 drives the drill bit 3 to deflect to a proper drilling angle.

In this embodiment, the position adjustment member 21 includes an axial movement assembly 211 for adjusting the movement of the drill bit 3 relative to the femoral head in the axial direction and a radial movement assembly 212 for adjusting the movement of the drill bit 3 relative to the femoral head in the radial direction. The axial moving component 211 drives the drill bit 3 to move along the axial direction of the femoral head, the radial moving component 212 drives the drill bit 3 to move along the radial direction of the femoral head, and the function of position adjustment is realized by driving the drill bit 3 to move along the axial direction and the radial direction.

In this embodiment, the axial moving component 211 comprises a slide box 2111 and a first locking screw 2112, a groove 2113 for being clamped on the external fixing frame 1 is arranged on one side of the slide box 2111, and the first locking screw 2112 for locking the position of the slide box 2111 on the external fixing frame 1 is arranged on one side of the groove 2113. The groove 2113 is clamped on the external fixing frame 1, so that the slide box 2111 can slide along the external fixing frame 1. When sliding to the proper position, the slide box 2111 is locked to the external fixing frame 1 by the first locking screw 2112, and the position of the slide box 2111 is kept stable. The axial moving component 211 has a compact structure, is convenient to adjust and is not easy to generate clamping stagnation.

In this embodiment, the radial moving component 212 includes a sliding rod 2121, a gear shaft 2122 and a second locking screw 2123, the sliding rod 2121 penetrates through the axial moving component 211 and moves on the external fixing frame 1 along with the axial moving component 211, a rack is disposed on one side of the sliding rod 2121, the gear shaft 2122 is disposed in the axial moving component 211 and is engaged with a rack end of the sliding rod 2121 to drive the sliding rod 2121 to move to a predetermined radial position, and the second locking screw 2123 is disposed at an upper end of the axial moving component 211 and is used for locking a position of the sliding rod 2121 on the axial moving component 211. The sliding rod 2121 is driven to move along the femoral head in the radial direction by rotating the gear shaft 2122, and is locked by the second locking screw 2123 after moving to a predetermined position. The radial movement assembly 212 is convenient to adjust, compact in structure and stable in operation.

In the present embodiment, the angle adjusting part 22 includes a vertical angle adjusting assembly 221 for adjusting the vertical angle of the drill bit 3 and a lateral angle adjusting assembly 222 for adjusting the lateral angle of the drill bit 3. The vertical angle adjusting assembly 221 drives the drill bit 3 to deflect in a vertical plane, the horizontal angle adjusting assembly 222 drives the drill bit 3 to deflect in a horizontal plane, and the function of angle adjustment is realized by driving the drill bit 3 to deflect in the vertical and horizontal directions.

In this embodiment, the vertical angle adjusting assembly 221 includes an assembly housing 2211, a driving gear 2212, a deflecting frame 2213 and a third locking screw 2214, the assembly housing 2211 is fixedly mounted at one end of the radial moving assembly 212, one end of the deflecting frame 2213 is provided with a gear, the other end is provided with a U-shaped deflecting frame 2213, the assembly housing 2211 is internally provided with the driving gear 2212 and the deflecting frame 2213 which are engaged with each other, the driving gear 2212 drives the deflecting frame 2213 to rotate to a predetermined vertical angle, and the assembly housing 2211 is provided with the third locking screw 2214 for locking the rotation angle of the driving gear 2212. By shifting the driving gear 2212, the deflector 2213 is driven to rotate, so as to adjust the vertical angle. After the angle is changed to a proper angle, the driving gear 2212 is locked by the third locking screw 2214, so that the deflection frame 2213 maintains the deflection angle. The vertical angle adjusting assembly 221 also has the advantages of convenient adjustment, simple operation, compact structure and ingenious design.

In this embodiment, the horizontal angle adjusting assembly 222 includes an adjusting seat 2221, a guiding sleeve 2222 and a fourth locking screw 2223, the adjusting seat 2221 is mounted on the vertical angle adjusting assembly 221 and rotates to a predetermined horizontal angle, the vertical angle adjusting assembly 221 is provided with the fourth locking screw 2223 for locking the rotation angle of the adjusting seat 2221, and the guiding sleeve 2222 is detachably sleeved in the adjusting seat 2221. The adjusting seat 2221 is installed on the vertical angle adjusting assembly 221, and is locked by a fourth locking screw 2223 after being adjusted to a proper angle. The guide housing 2222 is removably received in the adjustment receptacle 2221 to facilitate quick replacement of the guide housing 2222 to accommodate different drill bit 3 diameters. The transverse angle adjusting assembly 222 has the advantages of stable structure, simple operation, convenient adjustment and the like.

In this embodiment, the external fixing frame 1 includes a connecting rod 12 and a positioning frame 13, the connecting rod 12 is slidably mounted on the straddle frame 4 in a detachable connection manner, one end of the positioning frame 13 is inserted into the connecting rod 12 and is kept fixed, and the other end of the positioning frame 13 is slidably mounted with the guiding and adjusting mechanism 2. The connecting rod 12 is fixed on the straddle frame 4 in a detachable connection mode, so that the connecting position of the connecting rod and the positioning frame 13 can be conveniently adjusted. One end of the positioning frame 13 is arranged on the connecting rod 12 in a penetrating way and is kept fixed, namely, the positioning frame is kept fixed with the straddle frame 4. The guide adjusting mechanism 2 is slidably mounted on the positioning frame 13 to support the guide adjusting mechanism 2 to stably adjust the position and angle. And the external fixing frame 1 is arranged outside the muscle of the patient, so that the patient does not need to be cut a large wound, and the postoperative recovery is easy.

In this embodiment, the span 4, the external fixing frame 1 and the guiding and adjusting mechanism 2 are all provided with scales 5. The straddle frame 4, the external fixing frame 1 and the guiding and adjusting mechanism 2 can be adjusted accurately, so that the precision of the drill bit 3 drilling into the focus position is improved.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Femoral head marrow external fixation formula drilling support, its characterized in that: including external fixation frame (1), direction adjustment mechanism (2), drill bit (3) and stride frame (4), stride frame (4) and support on the outer bearing surface of femoral head, external fixation frame (1) cunning dress is striding on frame (4), direction adjustment mechanism (2) cunning dress is on external fixation frame (1), drill bit (3) are installed on direction adjustment mechanism (2), direction adjustment mechanism (2) drive drill bit (3) and adjust to preset position and predetermined angle on external fixation frame (1) after form the locking, external fixation frame (1) is equipped with spout (11) that are used for wearing to establish direction adjustment mechanism (2), direction adjustment mechanism (2) are including being used for adjusting position control part (21) that drill bit (3) bored the position and being used for adjusting angle control part (22) that drill bit (3) bored the angle position control part (21) are including the axial displacement that is used for adjusting the relative femoral head axial direction removal of drill bit (3) The axial movement assembly (211) comprises a sliding box (2111) and a first locking screw (2112), a groove (2113) used for being clamped on the external fixing frame (1) is formed in one side of the sliding box (2111), and the first locking screw (2112) used for locking the position of the sliding box (2111) on the external fixing frame (1) is arranged in one side of the groove (2113).

2. The femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support of claim 1, wherein: the radial movement assembly (212) comprises a sliding rod (2121), a gear shaft (2122) and a second locking screw (2123), the sliding rod (2121) penetrates through the axial movement assembly (211) and moves on the external fixing frame (1) along with the axial movement assembly (211), a rack is arranged on one side of the sliding rod (2121), the gear shaft (2122) is arranged in the axial movement assembly (211) and meshed with the rack end of the sliding rod (2121) to drive the sliding rod (2121) to move to a preset radial position, and the second locking screw (2123) is arranged at the upper end of the axial movement assembly (211) and used for locking the position of the sliding rod (2121) on the axial movement assembly (211).

3. The femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support of claim 1, wherein: the angle adjusting component (22) comprises a vertical angle adjusting component (221) used for adjusting the vertical angle of the drill bit (3) and a transverse angle adjusting component (222) used for adjusting the transverse angle of the drill bit (3).

4. The femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support of claim 3, wherein: vertical angle adjusting part (221) includes subassembly casing (2211), driving gear (2212), deflection frame (2213) and third locking screw (2214), subassembly casing (2211) is adorned admittedly in radial movement subassembly (212) one end, deflection frame (2213) one end is equipped with the gear, and the other end is the U type, be equipped with intermeshing's driving gear (2212) and deflection frame (2213) in subassembly casing (2211), driving gear (2212) drive deflection frame (2213) and rotate to predetermined vertical angle, be equipped with third locking screw (2214) of locking driving gear (2212) turned angle on subassembly casing (2211).

5. The femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support of claim 3, wherein: the transverse angle adjusting assembly (222) comprises an adjusting seat (2221), a guide sleeve (2222) and a fourth locking screw (2223), the adjusting seat (2221) is installed on the vertical angle adjusting assembly (221) and rotates to a preset transverse angle, the vertical angle adjusting assembly (221) is provided with the fourth locking screw (2223) for locking the rotating angle of the adjusting seat (2221), and the guide sleeve (2222) is sleeved in the adjusting seat (2221) in a detachable connection mode.

6. The femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the external fixing frame (1) comprises a connecting rod (12) and a positioning frame (13), the connecting rod (12) is slidably mounted on the spanning frame (4) in a detachable connection mode, one end of the positioning frame (13) penetrates through the connecting rod (12) and is fixed, and the other end of the positioning frame is slidably mounted with the guide adjusting mechanism (2).

7. The femoral head extramedullary fixed drilling support according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: scales (5) are arranged on the straddle (4), the external fixing frame (1) and the guide adjusting mechanism (2).