CN112083343B - Method for acquiring battery remaining energy - Google Patents
Method for acquiring battery remaining energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN112083343B CN112083343B CN201910506856.9A CN201910506856A CN112083343B CN 112083343 B CN112083343 B CN 112083343B CN 201910506856 A CN201910506856 A CN 201910506856A CN 112083343 B CN112083343 B CN 112083343B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating battery residual energy, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the corresponding relation of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures; obtaining the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power; obtaining the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, marking the average output power as second output power, and taking the second output power as average power; acquiring the charge state and the temperature of the single battery; obtaining the residual energy of the single battery through the corresponding relation among the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures; and obtaining the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery. The remaining available energy of the battery pack is accurately calculated by predicting the average power of the unit cells in a future period from the average power of the battery pack of the vehicle for a past period, so that the vehicle can safely travel in the future period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobile charging, in particular to a method for acquiring battery residual energy.
Background
The power battery pack is used as a core part of a new energy automobile and is widely applied to the field of electric automobiles. The service performance of the power battery pack directly determines a plurality of key performances such as the drivability, the service life, the safety, the economy and the like of the electric automobile. An excellent Battery Management System (BMS) can greatly optimize the use of the power battery pack. How much energy the electric vehicle remains and how much mileage the electric vehicle can travel are core problems of attention of electric vehicle manufacturers and users. Thus, accurately estimating the remaining available energy of the battery pack is a core function of the battery management system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring residual energy of a battery, which can accurately acquire the residual available energy of the battery, so that a vehicle can normally run.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for acquiring remaining battery energy, comprising:
obtaining the corresponding relation of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures;
obtaining the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power;
obtaining the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, and recording the average output power as the average power;
acquiring the charge state and the temperature of the single battery;
obtaining the residual energy of the single battery through the corresponding relation among the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
and obtaining the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating remaining battery energy, the method for obtaining the first output power includes:
wherein Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack, upack is the output voltage of the battery pack, i is the output current of the battery pack, and T is the period of time for obtaining the average power.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in parallel.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of unit batteries in series.
Optionally, in the method for calculating remaining battery energy, the method for obtaining average power includes:
wherein P is the average power of the single batteries, N is the number of the single batteries, and Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, obtaining the battery state of charge includes: and acquiring the initial battery charge state and the cut-off battery charge state of the discharging of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, the method for obtaining the state of charge of the cut-off battery includes:
acquiring initial battery charge states of a plurality of single batteries, and comparing to obtain the minimum battery charge of the single batteries;
and acquiring the cut-off battery charge state of each single battery through the initial battery charge state and the minimum battery charge state.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, the method for obtaining the cut-off battery state of charge of the single battery through the initial battery state of charge and the minimum battery state of charge includes:
SOC final ＝SOC start -SOC min
wherein SOC is start Initial battery state of charge, SOC, of a single battery final Cut-off battery state of charge, SOC (state of charge) of single battery min The minimum state of charge of the battery cell.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, the corresponding relationship between the battery state of charge and the output energy under different average powers is as follows:
wherein: e is output energy, and P is average power of the single battery; OCV (optical clear video)Open circuit voltage of the single battery; r is ohmic internal resistance of single battery, SOC start Initial battery state of charge, SOC, of a single battery final The CAP is the capacity of the single battery, which is the state of charge of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, a three-dimensional map of average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures is established, and the method for obtaining the remaining battery energy of the single battery through the three-dimensional map of average power, battery state of charge and output energy includes:
establishing a three-dimensional graph of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy according to the corresponding relation between the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
searching a three-dimensional graph for first output energy of which the battery charge state is the initial battery charge state of the single battery and average energy of which the battery charge state is the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery;
the first output energy minus the average energy is the remaining energy of the single battery.
Optionally, in the method for calculating the remaining battery energy, the method for obtaining the remaining battery energy through the remaining battery energy includes: and adding the residual energy of all the single batteries.
In the method for acquiring the residual energy of the battery, provided by the invention, the average power of the single battery in the future period is estimated through the average power (running working condition) of the battery pack of the vehicle in the past period, so that the residual available energy of the battery pack is accurately calculated, and the vehicle can safely run in the future period.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of calculating battery remaining energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention.
The inventor finds that the electric automobile can generate energy loss in the using process, and the energy loss of the part is related to the actual running condition of the electric automobile. Therefore, the estimation result of the remaining available energy of the battery pack in practical application needs to be based on the prediction of the future working condition. Meanwhile, due to the strong time-varying and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the power battery, the output current and voltage of the power battery in a future period of time are difficult to directly calculate. The equivalent circuit model can be used for carrying out equivalent or approximate on the dynamic characteristics of the power battery by building a circuit model formed by electric elements. Meanwhile, the average output power of the battery pack in the past period can also be used as a prediction for the output power of the battery pack in the future period. Based on the equivalent circuit model and the working condition average power, the method can solve the output current and voltage of the power battery in the future, and finally achieves the purpose of estimating the residual available energy of the battery pack.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for calculating remaining battery energy, comprising:
s11: obtaining the corresponding relation of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures;
s12: obtaining the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power;
s13: obtaining the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, and recording the average output power as the average power;
s14: acquiring the charge state and the temperature of the single battery;
s15: calculating the residual energy of the single battery according to the corresponding relation among the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
s16: and calculating the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery.
Before actually calculating the residual energy of the battery pack, the corresponding relation among the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures can be obtained through multiple experimental data. And calculating the actual residual energy of the battery pack according to the average output power, the battery charge state, the temperature and the output energy of the battery pack in the past period of time.
In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the first output power includes:
wherein Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack, upack is the output voltage of the battery pack, i is the output current of the battery pack, and T is the period of time for obtaining the average power. Uppack and i can be obtained by measuring a function table, and T can be a period set by a user, so that the average output power of the vehicle in the past period, namely, the first output power, can be calculated.
In this embodiment, the battery pack may be formed by connecting a plurality of unit cells in parallel, may be formed by connecting a plurality of unit cells in series, or may be formed by connecting a plurality of unit cells in parallel and in series.
In this embodiment, the method for obtaining average power includes:
wherein P is the average power of the single batteries, N is the number of the single batteries, and Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack. The battery pack may be formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series or in parallel, if the battery packs are connected in parallel, the voltages among the single batteries are the same, the currents are different, if the battery packs are connected in series, the currents are the same, and the voltages are different, so that the sum of the power of the N single batteries is the power of the battery pack.
In this embodiment, obtaining the battery state of charge includes: the method for acquiring the initial battery charge state and the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery discharge comprises the following steps: the battery management system obtains initial battery charge states of a plurality of single batteries, and the battery charge states with the minimum single batteries are obtained through comparison; and calculating the cut-off battery state of charge of the single battery through the initial battery state of charge and the minimum battery state of charge of the single battery. The initial battery state of charge in the invention is derived from the battery state of charge estimation result obtained by the battery state of charge estimation module in the battery management system. The initial battery state of charge may be estimated by the battery management system, and may be obtained without calculation, as is known.
Specifically, the state of charge of the cut-off battery of the single battery is calculated by the following formula:
SOC final ＝SOC start -SOC min
wherein SOC is start Initial battery state of charge, SOC, of a single battery final Cut-off battery state of charge, SOC (state of charge) of single battery min The minimum state of charge of the battery cell. Here, the initial battery state of charge and the off-state of charge refer to the initial battery state of charge at the start of discharge and the off-state of charge at the end of discharge in the remaining usable energy estimation process. Considering the difference of the charge states of the single batteries in the battery pack, the charge states of the initial battery and the stop battery are different. The current of each single battery in the series battery pack is consistent, the influence of the capacity difference is ignored, and the charge state change of each single battery is consistent. When any single battery in the battery pack reaches the lower cut-off voltage, the discharging time of the battery pack is the discharging time of the battery pack, namely the SOC min Cut-off discharge when the charge state of the single battery is 0, and cut-off charge states of other single batteries are SOC start,k Subtracting SOC min 。
In this embodiment, at different temperatures, the correspondence between the average power, the battery state of charge and the output energy is as follows:
wherein: e is output energy, P is monomer electricityAverage power of the pool; OCV is the open circuit voltage of a single cell; r is ohmic internal resistance of single battery, SOC start Initial battery state of charge, SOC, of a single battery final The CAP is the capacity of the single battery, which is the state of charge of the single battery. The specific calculation method for obtaining the corresponding relation between the battery charge states and the output energy under different average powers comprises the following steps of calculating the relation between the output voltage and the current of the single battery through the following formula:
U t ＝OCV-iR (1)
wherein U is t Is the terminal voltage of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of a single cell; r is the ohmic internal resistance of the single battery. The terminal voltage of the unit cell is calculated by subtracting the product of the internal resistance of the unit cell and the current flowing through the unit cell from the open circuit voltage of the unit cell. It is assumed that the battery cells are discharged from a starting battery state of charge to a stopping battery state of charge at a constant temperature and power P for a period of time in the future.
Second, calculating the relation between the output power and the current and the voltage of the single battery by the following formula
P＝-i 2 R+iOCV (2)
Wherein P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of a single cell; r is the ohmic internal resistance of the single battery.
Thirdly, the output current calculated from the formula (2) of the second step is:
wherein P is the average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of a single cell; r is the ohmic internal resistance of the single battery, and i is the output current. The obtained output current has two values, and the smaller value is selected. The output current i has two values through calculation, and in the next calculation, the value used by the output current i is selected as a small value of the two values.
Thirdly, calculating the output energy of the single battery according to the following formula in the prior art:
whereas idt=3600 CAPd SOC
Thus, the final calculation results in
Wherein t is start For the start time of discharge, t final For the discharge cutoff time, E is the output energy of the single battery, CAP is the capacity of the single battery, U t Is the terminal voltage of the single battery. By taking the formula (1) and the formula (3) into the formula (4)
In this embodiment, a three-dimensional map of average power, battery state of charge and output energy at different temperatures is established, and the method for calculating the residual energy of the single battery by using the three-dimensional map of average power, battery state of charge and output energy includes: establishing a three-dimensional Map graph of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy according to the corresponding relation between the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures; searching a three-dimensional Map graph for first output energy of which the battery charge state is the initial battery charge state of the single battery and average energy of which the battery charge state is the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery; the first output energy minus the average energy is the remaining energy of the single battery. The method can be used for inquiring the first output energy and the average energy of each single battery so as to calculate the residual available energy of each single battery. The calculation efficiency of the residual available energy of the single battery can be improved by establishing three-dimensional Map graphs of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures.
In this embodiment, the battery pack remaining energy obtaining method includes: and adding the residual energy of all the single batteries. The battery pack may be formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series or in parallel, if the battery packs are connected in parallel, the voltages among the single batteries are the same, the currents are different, if the battery packs are connected in series, the currents are the same, the voltages are different, and the residual available energy of the battery pack is the sum of the residual available energy of the plurality of single batteries.
In summary, in the method for acquiring the remaining battery energy provided by the embodiment of the invention, the average power (running condition) of the battery pack of the vehicle in the past period of time is estimated to be the average power of the single battery in the future period of time, so that the remaining available energy of the battery pack is accurately calculated, and the vehicle can safely run in the future period of time.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art will make any equivalent substitution or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the invention, and the technical solution of the invention is not departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method of obtaining battery remaining energy, comprising:
obtaining the corresponding relation of average power, battery charge state and output energy at different temperatures;
obtaining the average output power of the battery pack in a past period of time, and recording the average output power as first output power;
obtaining the average output power of the single battery in a future period of time through the average output power in the past period of time, marking the average output power as second output power, and taking the second output power as average power;
acquiring the charge state and the temperature of the single battery;
obtaining the residual energy of the single battery through the corresponding relation among the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
obtaining the residual energy of the battery pack through the residual energy of the single battery;
and obtaining the corresponding relation of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures according to the capacity, the battery charge state, the open-circuit voltage, the ohmic internal resistance and the average power of the single battery.
2. The method of obtaining battery residual energy according to claim 1, wherein the method of obtaining the first output power includes:
wherein Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack, upack is the output voltage of the battery pack, i is the output current of the battery pack, and T is the period of time for obtaining the average power.
3. The method for obtaining residual energy of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is composed of a plurality of unit cells connected in parallel.
4. The method for obtaining residual energy of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is composed of a plurality of unit cells connected in series.
5. The method for acquiring the remaining battery energy as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the method for acquiring the average power comprises:
wherein P is the average power of the single batteries, N is the number of the single batteries, and Ppack is the average output power of the battery pack.
6. The method of obtaining battery remaining energy of claim 5, wherein obtaining a battery state of charge comprises: and acquiring the initial battery charge state and the cut-off battery charge state of the discharging of the single battery.
7. The method for acquiring the battery remaining energy as defined in claim 6, wherein the method for acquiring the state of charge of the cutoff battery comprises:
acquiring initial battery charge states of a plurality of single batteries, and comparing to obtain the minimum battery charge of the single batteries;
and acquiring the cut-off battery charge state of each single battery through the initial battery charge state and the minimum battery charge state.
8. The method of obtaining battery remaining energy as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method of obtaining the cut-off battery state of charge of the unit battery by the initial battery state of charge and the minimum battery state of charge comprises:
SOC final ＝SOC start -SOC min
wherein SOC is start Initial battery state of charge, SOC, of a single battery final Cut-off battery state of charge, SOC (state of charge) of single battery min The minimum state of charge of the battery cell.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the battery state of charge at different average powers corresponds to the output energy as follows:
wherein: e is output energy, and P is average power of the single battery; OCV is the open circuit voltage of a single cell; r is ohmic internal resistance of single battery, SOC start Initial battery state of charge, SOC, of a single battery final The CAP is the capacity of the single battery, which is the state of charge of the single battery.
10. The method of obtaining battery residual energy according to claim 9, wherein the step of creating a three-dimensional map of average power, battery state of charge, and output energy at different temperatures, and obtaining the battery residual energy from the three-dimensional map of average power, battery state of charge, and output energy comprises:
establishing a three-dimensional graph of the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy according to the corresponding relation between the average power, the battery charge state and the output energy at different temperatures;
searching a three-dimensional graph for first output energy of which the battery charge state is the initial battery charge state of the single battery and average energy of which the battery charge state is the cut-off battery charge state of the single battery;
the first output energy minus the average energy is the remaining energy of the single battery.
11. The method of obtaining battery residual energy according to claim 10, wherein the method of obtaining battery residual energy from the battery residual energy comprises: and adding the residual energy of all the single batteries.
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