CN112083041A - Online testing method for resin content of catalyst layer of fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for testing the resin content of a catalytic layer in a fuel cell, comprising (1) preparation of a standard sample: preparing more than three membrane electrodes with the resin content of the catalyst layer set; (2) establishment of a standard curve: measuring a threshold point of a standard sample, calculating the water capacity of the battery through a theoretical formula, and drawing a standard curve by taking the calculated water capacity of the battery as a y coordinate and the resin content of a catalyst layer as an x coordinate; (3) testing of resin content in the catalytic layer: measuring a threshold point of the fuel cell by adopting the same test method as the standard sample, and calculating the water capacity of the cell; (4) calculation of resin content in the catalytic layer: and establishing a calculation formula of the resin content in the cathode or anode catalyst layer according to the standard curve, and substituting the y value of the tested sample into the formula to calculate the resin content in the corresponding cathode or anode catalyst layer. Compared with the prior art, the testing method is simple and reliable, and has no damage to each component of the fuel cell.

Description

A kind of online test method for resin content of fuel cell catalyst layer

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a method for on-line characterizing resin content in a catalyst layer of a fuel cell.

Background technique

In recent years, fuel cells have been widely used in transportation, portable power supply and other fields due to their environmental friendliness, high energy conversion rate, and rapid start-up at low temperatures, and have very broad development prospects. Membrane electrode (MEA), as the core component of fuel cell, its performance, durability and stability of batch preparation process are one of the key factors that determine whether fuel cell can be produced and applied commercially on a large scale.

The membrane electrode mainly includes a proton exchange membrane, a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer. Among them, the catalytic layer, as the place where the electrochemical reaction occurs, is the key component that determines the performance of the membrane electrode. Usually, the catalytic layer is composed of electrocatalyst and a certain content of resin solution. In addition to the intrinsic activity and content of the catalyst, the content of the resin in the catalytic layer is also the main factor determining the performance of the membrane electrode. The resin content in the catalyst layer is usually characterized by the mass ratio of the resin (Ionomer) to the carbon support (Carbon) in the catalyst, that is, I/C. Since the resin has the ability to conduct protons, adding a certain amount of resin solution to the catalytic layer can improve the proton conductivity of the catalytic layer, thereby improving the performance of the membrane electrode. However, the resin solution distributed on the catalyst surface has a hindering effect on the diffusion of oxygen. Therefore, an excessively high resin content in the catalyst layer will increase the mass transfer resistance in the catalyst layer, thereby reducing the performance of the membrane electrode. To sum up, the resin content in the catalytic layer is a key factor in determining the performance of the membrane electrode.

However, because the resin content in the catalytic layer is usually low, and the resin itself has an organic polymer structure, it is difficult to measure its content by conventional methods such as differential gravimetric method and elemental analysis method. At present, there is no fast and accurate online test method for the resin content in the catalytic layer of fuel cells. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce new technologies and research methods.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing catalyst layer resin content testing technology in the fuel cell technology, the present invention provides an on-line testing method for the fuel cell catalyst layer resin content. The method has the advantages of non-destructive, rapid and accurate, and the purpose of online detection of the resin content of the catalytic layer can be achieved by using this method.

The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

An on-line test method for the resin content of a fuel cell catalyst layer, the method comprising the following steps:

1) Preparation of standard sample for resin content of cathode or anode catalytic layer:

Select the same proton exchange membrane, catalyst, resin solution and gas diffusion layer as the membrane electrode to be tested, and prepare three or more membrane electrodes with the resin content of the catalyst layer set. Except for the resin content of the catalyst layer, the prepared membrane electrodes have other materials and parameters. are the same as the membrane electrode to be tested;

2) Establishment of standard curve:

Measure the threshold point of the standard sample, calculate the water capacity of the battery by theoretical formula, take the calculated water capacity of the battery as the y coordinate, and the resin content of the catalytic layer as the x coordinate, and draw a standard curve;

3) Test of resin content in catalytic layer:

Using the same test method as the standard sample, measure the threshold point of the fuel cell, and calculate the water capacity of the cell;

4) Calculation of resin content in the catalytic layer:

A formula for calculating the resin content in the cathode or anode catalytic layer is established according to the standard curve: y=ax+b;

Among them, a is the slope of the standard curve, b is the intercept of the standard curve, x is the resin content in the catalytic layer, and y is the water capacity of the battery;

The resin content in the cathode or anode catalytic layer of the membrane electrode to be tested can be calculated by substituting the y value of the tested sample in step 3) into the formula.

Based on the above scheme, preferably, in the step 2), the test method of the threshold point of the standard sample is as follows: assemble the prepared standard sample into a single fuel cell cell, place it on the battery evaluation table, measure the given temperature, pressure and The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the condition of dry gas intake flow, and the threshold point of the fuel cell is determined according to the curve.

Based on the above scheme, preferably, in the step 2), the specific method for measuring the threshold point of the standard sample (see CN100413134C) is: placing the assembled fuel cell on the battery evaluation bench, and at a given temperature, pressure and dry gas inlet Under the condition of air flow, carry out a linear load change scan, start from the activation polarization area, go to the diffusion polarization area, and return immediately when the set value is reached; the dynamic data acquisition of the current and voltage during the scanning process is carried out until the scanning stops, and the The data collected by scanning is drawn into a transient current-voltage curve, and the intersection of the forward scan line and the return scan line of the drawn curve is the threshold point determined by the battery. In the present invention, the transient current-voltage curve is determined under certain conditions. The threshold point process is illustrated in Figure 1.

Based on the above solution, preferably, in the step 2), the formula for calculating the water capacity of the fuel cell is as follows:

为电极内电化学反应所生成的水的质量，

为尾气带出的水的质量，Q_total为电池放电的总电量，F为法拉第常数(96485C mol^-1)，i为电池电流，t₁为门槛点在前行扫描线出现的时间，t₂为门槛点在返回扫描线出现的时间，

为尾气带出的水的物质的量，

为水的摩尔质量(18g mol^-1)，P为水蒸气的分压(Pa)，V为水蒸气的体积(m³)，R为气体常数(8.314Pa m³ mol^-1K^-1)，T为反应气进口温度，P_total为气体入口压力，ΔRH为反应气进出口湿度差，P_sat为饱和蒸气压，V_out为尾气体积，f为反应气流速，

为电池内部的容水量。in,

is the mass of water produced by the electrochemical reaction in the electrode,

is the mass of water brought out by the exhaust gas, Q _total is the total amount of electricity discharged by the battery, F is the Faraday constant (96485C mol ^-1 ), i is the battery current, t ₁ is the time when the threshold point appears on the previous scanning line, t ₂ is the time when the threshold point appears on the return scan line,

is the amount of water carried out by the exhaust gas,

is the molar mass of water (18g mol ^-1 ), P is the partial pressure of water vapor (Pa), V is the volume of water vapor (m ³ ), R is the gas constant (8.314Pa m ³ mol ^-1 K ^-1 ) , T is the inlet temperature of the reaction gas, P _total is the gas inlet pressure, ΔRH is the humidity difference between the inlet and outlet of the reaction gas, P _sat is the saturated vapor pressure, V _out is the volume of the exhaust gas, f is the flow rate of the reaction gas,

is the water capacity inside the battery.

Based on the above solution, preferably, in the resin solution, the resin is one or more of perfluorosulfonic acid resin and non-fluorosulfonic acid resin, and the solvent is water, alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol.

Based on the above scheme, preferably, in the step 1), the preparation method of the membrane electrode is as follows: using a brushing method, a blade coating method, a transfer printing method, a spraying method, a screen printing method or an inkjet printing method to prepare the catalytic The layers are prepared on proton exchange membranes or gas diffusion layers.

Based on the above solution, preferably, the method is based on the fact that the resin content of the catalytic layer is inversely proportional to the water capacity of the battery, so formula conversion is required to obtain the resin content in the cathode or anode catalytic layer.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The test method is highly feasible, simple and reliable;

2. The test process is on-line detection, and there is no damage to the components of the fuel cell membrane electrode;

3. The detection is fast. For the membrane electrodes of the same catalyst, proton exchange membrane and gas diffusion layer, the standard equation can be substituted to quickly determine the detection result.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the transient current-voltage curve and threshold point of the fuel cell with cathode/anode Pt loading of 0.4/0.2 mg cm ^-2 at 40°C, 101 kPa, and intake hydrogen/air of 40/200 ml min ^-1 schematic diagram.

FIG. 2 is a standard curve of resin content of the catalyst layer obtained in Example 1 with a Pt loading of 0.2 mg cm ⁻² .

FIG. 3 is a standard curve of resin content of the catalyst layer with a Pt loading of 0.1 mg cm ⁻² obtained in Example 4. FIG.

Figure 4 shows the corresponding positions of the data points of the test samples obtained in Examples 1-3 in the standard curve of the resin content of the catalyst layer with a Pt loading of 0.2 mg cm ^-2 .

Figure 5 shows the corresponding positions of the data points of the test samples obtained in Examples 4-6 in the standard curve of the resin content of the catalyst layer with a Pt loading of 0.1 mg cm ^-2 .

FIG. 6 is a current density (i)-time (t) curve corresponding to the calculation process of the water capacity of the fuel cell in Example 1. FIG.

Detailed ways

Example 1

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.2 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C = 0.7, cathode I/C = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, membrane electrodes with an effective area of 5cm ^-2 , the above four membrane electrodes were assembled into a single fuel cell cell, placed in the battery On the evaluation platform, measure the transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of 40°C, 101kPa, and the dry gas intake flow rate of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 , and determine the threshold point of the fuel cell, which are (current density) , mA cm ^-2 / voltage, V): 497/0.567, 331/0.642, 285/0.384, 81/0.418;

Calculate the fuel cell water capacity according to formulas 1-5, respectively (mg): 38.98, 25.74, 11.96, 3.69. Taking one of them as an example, the calculation process of the fuel cell water capacity is as follows:

Taking the water capacity of the fuel cell as the y-coordinate and the resin content of the cathode catalyst layer as the x-coordinate, a standard curve was drawn. The calculation formula obtained by fitting the standard curve is: y=-59.82x+55.99.

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.2 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.4, membrane electrode with effective area of 5cm ^-2 , assembled as a single fuel cell and placed on the battery evaluation table, measured at 40°C, 101kPa, dry gas intake The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the flow rate of 40ml min ^-1 of hydrogen and 200ml min ^-1 of air is used to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /voltage, V) 392/0.608, according to formula 1- 5 Calculate the water capacity of the fuel cell. Taking the above water capacity into y=-59.82x+55.99; the resin content of the cathode catalyst layer is obtained as I/C=0.42, and the error compared with the actual content is 5%.

Example 2

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.2 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, membrane electrodes with an effective area of 5 cm ^-2 , the above four membrane electrodes were assembled into a single fuel cell and placed in the battery for evaluation On the stage, measure the transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of 40°C, 101kPa, and the dry gas intake flow rate of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell, respectively (current density, mAcm ^-2 /voltage, V): 497/0.567, 331/0.642, 285/0.384, 81/0.418; Calculate the fuel cell water capacity according to formula 1-5, respectively (mg): 38.98, 25.74, 11.96, 3.69, the It is taken as the y coordinate, and the resin content of the cathode catalytic layer is taken as the x coordinate, and a standard curve is drawn.

The calculation formula obtained by fitting the standard curve is: y=-59.82x+55.99.

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.2 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.6, membrane electrode with effective area of 5cm ^-2 , assembled as a single fuel cell and placed on the battery evaluation table, measured at 40°C, 101kPa, dry gas intake The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 was determined to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /voltage, V) 299/0.478, according to formula 1- 5 Calculate the water capacity of the fuel cell. Taking the above water capacity into y=-59.82x+55.99; the resin content of the cathode catalyst layer is obtained as I/C=0.58, and the error compared with the actual content is 3.33%.

Example 3

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.2 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, membrane electrodes with an effective area of 5 cm ^-2 , the above four membrane electrodes were assembled into a single fuel cell and placed in the battery for evaluation On the stage, measure the transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of 40°C, 101kPa, and the dry gas intake flow rate of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell, respectively (current density, mAcm ^-2 /voltage, V): 497/0.567, 331/0.642, 285/0.384, 81/0.418; Calculate the fuel cell water capacity according to formula 1-5, respectively (mg): 38.98, 25.74, 11.96, 3.69, the It is taken as the y coordinate, and the resin content of the cathode catalytic layer is taken as the x coordinate, and a standard curve is drawn.

The calculation formula obtained by fitting the standard curve is: y=-59.82x+55.99.

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.2 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.8, membrane electrode with an effective area of 5cm ^-2 , assembled into a single fuel cell and placed on the battery evaluation table, measured at 40°C, 101kPa, dry gas intake The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the flow rate of 40ml min ^-1 of hydrogen and 200ml of air min ^-1 was used to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /voltage, V) 146/0.402, according to formula 1- 5 Calculate the water capacity of the fuel cell. Taking the above water capacity into y=-59.82x+55.99; the resin content of the cathode catalyst layer is obtained as I/C=0.83, and the error compared with the actual content is 3.75%.

Example 4

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.1 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, membrane electrodes with an effective area of 5 cm ^-2 , the above four membrane electrodes were assembled into a single fuel cell and placed in the battery for evaluation On the stage, measure the transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of 40°C, 101kPa, and the dry gas intake flow rate of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell, respectively (current density, mAcm ^-2 /voltage, V): 472/0.414, 416/0.477, 225/0.422, 117/0.489, calculate the fuel cell water capacity according to formula 1-5, take it as the y coordinate, and the cathode catalytic layer resin content as the x coordinate, Plot a standard curve.

The calculation formula obtained from the standard curve fitting is: y=-33.62x+31.06.

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.1 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.4, membrane electrode with effective area of 5cm ^-2 , assembled as a single fuel cell and placed on the battery evaluation table, measured at 40°C, 101kPa, dry gas intake The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the flow rate of 40ml min ^-1 of hydrogen and 200ml min ^-1 of air was used to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /voltage, V) 438/0.453, according to formula 1- 5 Calculate the water capacity of the fuel cell. Taking the above water capacity into y=-33.62x+31.06; the resin content of the cathode catalytic layer is obtained as I/C=0.39, and the error compared with the actual content is 2.5%.

Example 5

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.1 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, membrane electrodes with an effective area of 5 cm ^-2 , the above four membrane electrodes were assembled into a single fuel cell and placed in the battery for evaluation On the stage, measure the transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of 40°C, 101kPa, and the dry gas inlet flow rate of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 , to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /Voltage, V): 472/0.414, 416/0.477, 225/0.422, 117/0.489, calculate the fuel cell water capacity according to formula 1-5, take it as the y coordinate, the cathode catalytic layer resin content as the x coordinate, draw the standard curve.

The calculation formula obtained from the standard curve fitting is: y=-33.62x+31.06.

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.1 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.6, membrane electrode with effective area of 5cm ^-2 , assembled as a single fuel cell and placed on the battery evaluation table, measured at 40°C, 101kPa, dry gas intake The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the flow rate of 40ml min ^-1 of hydrogen and 200ml min ^-1 of air is used to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /voltage, V) 334/0.436, according to formula 1- 5 Calculate the water capacity of the fuel cell. Taking the above water capacity into y=-33.62x+31.06; the resin content of the cathode catalyst layer is obtained as I/C=0.63, and the error compared with the actual content is 5%.

Example 6

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.1 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, membrane electrodes with an effective area of 5 cm ^-2 , the above four membrane electrodes were assembled into a single fuel cell and placed in the battery for evaluation On the stage, measure the transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of 40°C, 101kPa, and the dry gas inlet flow rate of hydrogen 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 , to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /Voltage, V): 472/0.414, 416/0.477, 225/0.422, 117/0.489, calculate the fuel cell water capacity according to formula 1-5, take it as the y coordinate, the cathode catalytic layer resin content as the x coordinate, draw the standard curve.

The calculation formula obtained from the standard curve fitting is: y=-33.62x+31.06.

Using 70% Pt/C (Vulcan XC) as the catalyst and 5% Nafion solution as the resin solution, the anode/cathode Pt loadings were: 0.2/0.1 mg cm ^-2 on the NR-211 membrane by spraying method, and the catalyst layer resin The content is: anode I/C=0.7, cathode I/C=0.8, membrane electrode with effective area of 5cm ^-2 , assembled as a single fuel cell and placed on the battery evaluation table, measured at 40°C, 101kPa, dry gas intake The transient current-voltage curve of the battery under the conditions of hydrogen flow of 40ml min ^-1 and air 200ml min ^-1 was determined to determine the threshold point of the fuel cell (current density, mA cm ^-2 /voltage, V) 154/0.462, according to formula 1- 5 Calculate the water capacity of the fuel cell. Taking the above water capacity into y=-33.62x+31.06; the resin content of the cathode catalyst layer is obtained as I/C=0.77, and the error compared with the actual content is 3.75%.

Claims (7)

1. an on-line testing method for the resin content of a fuel cell catalytic layer, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: 1) Preparation of standard samples: Select the same proton exchange membrane, catalyst, resin solution and gas diffusion layer as the membrane electrode to be tested, and prepare three or more membrane electrodes with the resin content of the catalyst layer set. Except for the resin content of the catalyst layer, the prepared membrane electrodes have other materials and parameters. are the same as the membrane electrode to be tested; 2) Establishment of standard curve: Measure the threshold point of the standard sample, calculate the water capacity of the battery by theoretical formula, take the calculated water capacity of the battery as the y coordinate, and the resin content of the catalytic layer as the x coordinate, and draw a standard curve; 3) Test of resin content in catalytic layer: Using the same test method as the standard sample, measure the threshold point of the fuel cell, and calculate the water capacity of the cell; 4) Calculation of resin content in the catalytic layer: A formula for calculating the resin content in the cathode or anode catalytic layer is established according to the standard curve: y=ax+b; Among them, a is the slope of the standard curve, b is the intercept of the standard curve, x is the resin content in the catalytic layer, and y is the water capacity of the battery; The resin content in the cathode or anode catalytic layer of the membrane electrode to be tested can be calculated by substituting the y value of the tested sample in step 3) into the formula. 2. testing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in, The test method of the threshold point of the standard sample is as follows: Assemble the prepared standard sample into a single fuel cell, place it on the battery evaluation table, and measure the transient current-voltage of the battery under the conditions of given temperature, pressure and dry gas intake flow. curve, according to which the fuel cell threshold point is determined. 3. testing method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 2), the concrete measuring method of threshold point of standard sample is: the assembled fuel cell is placed on battery evaluation table, given temperature, Under the conditions of pressure and dry gas intake flow, perform a linear load-changing scan, starting from the activation polarization area, to the diffusion polarization area, and return immediately when the set value is reached; dynamic data acquisition of the current and voltage during the scanning process, Until the scan stops, the data collected by the scan is drawn into a transient current-voltage curve, and the intersection of the forward scan line and the return scan line of the drawn curve is the threshold point determined by the battery. 4. testing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2), fuel cell water capacity calculation formula is as follows:

in,

is the mass of water produced by the electrochemical reaction in the electrode,

is the mass of water brought out by the exhaust gas, Q _total is the total amount of electricity discharged by the battery, F is the Faraday constant 96485C mol ^-1 , i is the battery current, t ₁ is the time when the threshold point appears on the previous scanning line, and t ₂ is the threshold point at the time when the return scan line appears,

is the amount of water carried out by the exhaust gas,

is the molar mass of water 18g mol ^-1 , P is the partial pressure Pa of water vapor, V is the volume m ³ of water vapor, R is the gas constant 8.314Pa m ³ mol ^-1 K ^-1 , T is the inlet temperature of the reaction gas, P _total is the gas inlet pressure, ΔRH is the humidity difference between the inlet and outlet of the reactant gas, P _sat is the saturated vapor pressure, V _out is the volume of the exhaust gas, f is the flow rate of the reactant gas,

is the water capacity inside the battery. 5. test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described resin solution, resin is one or more in perfluorosulfonic acid resin, non-fluorosulfonic acid resin, and solvent is water, alcohol or Hydroalcoholic mixture. 6. testing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1), the preparation method of membrane electrode is: adopt brushing method, scraping method, transfer printing method, spraying method, screen printing method Or the catalytic layer is prepared on the proton exchange membrane or the gas diffusion layer by the inkjet printing method. 7 . The test method according to claim 1 , wherein the resin content of the catalytic layer is inversely proportional to the water capacity of the battery. 8 .

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