CN112081864A - Tuned mass dampers for out-of-plane vibration control of wind turbine structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tuned mass damper for controlling out-of-plane vibration of a fan structure, which comprises a spring damping system and a prying body, wherein the spring damping system is connected between the front part of a fan cabin and the prying body; the prying body is integrally used as a mass block of the passive tuned mass damper, and fan cabin internal equipment including a gear box, a brake disc and a generator is arranged in the prying body.

Description

Tuned mass dampers for out-of-plane vibration control of wind turbine structures

technical field

The invention relates to a passive tuned mass damper (TMD), which is used for controlling the vibration in the out-of-plane direction (horizontal axis) of a horizontal-axis fan structure, and belongs to the technical field of wind power.

Background technique

Fans rely on huge blades to convert air kinetic energy into mechanical energy and then drive the generator to generate electricity. The blades bear large wind loads in the out-of-plane direction (perpendicular to the rotation plane of the blades), which is the main source of the vibration of the fan structure. Because the wind load of the fan blade in the in-plane direction (the direction of the blade rotation plane) is small, the basic structure of the fan has the characteristics of out-of-plane vibration that is much larger than that of in-plane vibration. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the wind turbine structure, especially the offshore wind turbine with harsher service environment, it is necessary to control the vibration of the wind turbine structure in the out-of-plane direction (main vibration direction).

At present, the installation of TMD is the main means to realize the vibration control of the fan structure. According to the working principle of TMD, it can be divided into passive, semi-active and active systems. Among them, passive TMD systems are widely used in civil engineering structures because of their simple structure, sensitive response and low cost. However, it is difficult to apply the conventional passive TMD system to the wind turbine structure because: (1) the interior space of the wind turbine nacelle is narrow, and it is difficult to accommodate the mass of the TMD, so that the TMD system cannot be installed inside the nacelle; (2) although the top of the tower is There is a certain installation space, but the TMD installed inside the tower cannot rotate with the yaw rotation of the fan. Once the rotation plane of the fan blade changes with the wind direction (in order to capture wind energy to the greatest extent, the fan with the yaw system is always It will keep the rotation plane of the fan blade perpendicular to the wind direction), which cannot effectively control the main vibration direction of the fan, and the installation of the TMD inside the tower top will prevent personnel from entering the engine room for maintenance, and the engineering application feasibility is poor.

In order to ensure that the vibration control direction of the passive TMD is always consistent with the out-of-plane direction of the fan blade, and to solve the engineering problem of being installed inside the fan cabin, the present invention uses the quality of the equipment inside the cabin to design a vibration control that can meet the out-of-plane direction of the fan. Tuned mass dampers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a passive tuned mass damper using the internal mass of a fan nacelle as a TMD mass block, and provides a feasible solution for out-of-plane vibration control of a horizontal-axis fan structure. The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A tuned mass damper for out-of-plane vibration control of a fan structure, comprising a spring damping system and a skid body, wherein the spring damping system is connected between the front part of the fan nacelle and the skid body, and is characterized in that:

The spring damping system includes a rigid connecting rod, a rigid connecting plate, a coil spring and a viscous damper. One end of the rigid connecting rod is fixed at the front of the fan nacelle, and the other end is connected to one end of the coil spring and the other end through the rigid connecting plate. One end of the viscous damper is fixedly connected, and the coil spring and the other end of the viscous damper are connected to the skid to form a passive tuned mass damper;

The whole of the skid is used as the mass block of the passive tuned mass damper, and the internal equipment of the fan nacelle including the gear box, the brake disc and the generator is built in.

Preferably, the tuned mass damper further includes a guide locking beam and a locking mechanism for locking the pry body, and the locking mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston rod and a locking plug, which are fixed above the guide locking beam and lock the The mechanism cooperates with the guide locking beam fixed on the top of the skid body; the guide locking beam includes a guide beam, a rigid cylinder and a locking hole, the guide beam is symmetrically arranged about the rigid cylinder, and its length is greater than the maximum movement amplitude of the skid body. Half, there is a locking hole inside the rigid cylinder. The end of the locking hole is provided with a chamfer that is conducive to the smooth insertion of the locking plug. The hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the piston rod to extend when locking is required, so that the locking plug is inserted into the lock. tight hole.

The tuned mass damper also includes an axial limiter, which is composed of an axial limit baffle and a viscous collision layer, and the axial limit baffle is used to limit the occurrence of the skid. Large-scale sliding; the viscous collision layer can absorb the energy of the skid body hitting the axial limit baffle, and play the role of protecting the axial limiter and increasing energy consumption.

The tuned mass damper further includes lateral limiters, and the lateral limiters are arranged on both sides of the skid body.

A roller and a braking mechanism are arranged at the bottom of the skid.

Because the present invention adopts the above technical solutions, it has the following advantages: 1. The present invention utilizes the internal equipment of the fan engine room as the mass block of the TMD, which solves the problem that the conventional TMD needs to occupy the super large space of the engine room, and has excellent engineering feasibility; 2. The present invention does not require additional configuration of TMD mass blocks, which greatly reduces the manufacturing cost of TMD; 3. The present invention skid-mounts the equipment inside the engine room, so that the arrangement of the equipment inside the engine room is more tidy and reasonable, which is convenient for the overall hoisting and transportation, and is more beneficial to the TMD. Quick installation; 4. The TMD of the present invention is arranged inside the nacelle and is not affected by the yaw of the fan, which can ensure that the direction of the TMD movement is always consistent with the vibration direction of the fan outside the plane, so that the vibration control of the outside vibration direction of the fan can achieve the best effect. . 5. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, simple and reliable locking and start-stop of TMD work, and good engineering application prospect.

Description of drawings

1 is a front view of a tuned mass damper of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the left side view of A-A section of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the B-B section top view of the present invention;

Description of the symbols in the figure: 1 is the spring damping system; 11 is the rigid connecting rod; 12 is the rigid connecting plate; 13 is the coil spring; 14 is the viscous damper; 2 is the main shaft transmission system; 21 is the driving shaft; 22 is the driven shaft 3 is the axial limiter; 31 is the axial limit baffle; 32 is the viscous collision layer; 4 is the guide rail; 5 is the skid body; 51 is the roller; 52 is the braking mechanism; 6 is the lateral limit 7 is a locking system; 71 is a hydraulic cylinder; 72 is a piston rod; 73 is a locking plug; 74 is a guide locking beam; 741 is a guide beam; 742 is a rigid cylinder; 743 is a locking hole.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention mainly includes a spring damping system 1; a rigid connecting rod 11; a rigid connecting plate 12; a coil spring 13; a viscous damper 14; a main shaft transmission system 2; Axial limiter 3; Axial limit baffle 31; Viscous collision layer 32; Guide rail 4; Skid body 5; Roller 51; Brake mechanism 52; ; Piston rod 72; Locking plug 73; Guide locking beam 74;

As shown in Figure 1, the main body of the TMD of the present invention is composed of a spring damping system 1 and a skid body 5. The spring damping system 1 is installed on the inner wall of the front part of the fan nacelle (the end near the hub), and is connected by a rigid connecting rod 11, a rigid connection The plate 12, the coil spring 13 and the viscous damper 14 are composed. One end of the rigid connecting rod 11 is fixed on the inner wall of the front part of the fan nacelle, and the other end is fixed by the rigid connecting plate 12 to the coil spring 13 and the viscous damper 14. The coil spring 13 and the other end of the viscous damper 14 are connected with the skid body 5, thereby forming a passive TMD system. When the fan tower structure vibrates in the out-of-plane direction, the TMD system constituted by the present invention is generated by the reverse movement of the skid body 5. The inertial force and the damping force of the viscous damper 14 realize the mitigation of vibration in the out-of-plane direction of the fan structure and energy dissipation.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the skid body 5 of the present invention skids the gear boxes, brake discs, generators and other equipment inside the engine room into a whole. As the mass block of the TMD, the interior space of the engine room is fully utilized, and the additional configuration of the TMD is saved. Mass blocks and corresponding installation space requirements. In the specific design, according to the mass of the skid 5 and based on the passive TMD design theory, the parameters of the optimal coil spring 13 and the viscous damper 14 are matched to achieve the optimal vibration control effect.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the fan main shaft transmission system 2 of the present invention is composed of a driving shaft 21 and a driven shaft 22. The driving shaft 21 is provided with a keyway in the axial direction, and the driven shaft 22 is provided with a spline outside. The driven shaft 22 adopts a clearance fit to form a spline pair connection, which can allow the driven shaft 22 to slide along the keyway of the driving shaft 21 while transmitting the rotational torque of the hub, and the end of the driven shaft 22 is connected to the gear box to transmit the power to the gear. box, thus ensuring the normal power generation of the fan and the relative movement of the TMD.

As shown in Figure 1, the bottom of the skid body 5 of the present invention is equipped with a roller 51 and a braking mechanism 52, and a guide rail 4 is provided on the inner bottom plate of the fan cabin along the horizontal axis of the fan. The roller 51 and the guide rail 4 form a guide rail pair, thereby realizing the skid body. Free movement along the horizontal axis of the fan, when the skid 5 needs to stop moving, the braking mechanism 52 can be controlled to lock the roller 51 through a control signal, and the roller 51 is controlled not to roll.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is provided with axial limiters 3 at the front and rear ends of the inner bottom plate of the fan nacelle. The axial limiters 3 are composed of an axial limit baffle 31 and a viscous collision layer 32. The position baffle 31 can limit the large sliding of the skid body 5 to avoid the separation of the driven shaft 22 and the driving shaft 21, resulting in the failure of the power input of the fan hub; and can prevent the skid body 5 from colliding with other auxiliary equipment and structures inside the cabin, Avoid accidents; the addition of the viscous collision layer 32 can absorb the energy of the skid body 5 hitting the axial limit baffle 31 , so as to protect the axial limiter 31 and increase energy consumption.

As shown in FIG. 2, the present invention is provided with a lateral stopper 6 in the middle section of the top of the fan nacelle, and the lateral stopper 6 is arranged on both sides of the skid body 5, which can limit the small amplitude of the skid body 5 caused by the vibration in the fan surface. Shake to prevent the skid body 5 from derailing and affecting the normal operation of the TMD.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention is provided with a locking mechanism 7 at the top of the fan nacelle. The locking mechanism 7 is composed of a hydraulic cylinder 71 , a piston rod 72 and a locking plug 73 . The guiding and locking beams 74 work together to realize the locking of the TMD prying body.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the guide locking beam 74 is composed of a guide beam 741 , a rigid cylinder 742 and a locking hole 743 . The guide beam 741 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the rigid cylinder 742 , and its length is greater than half of the maximum movement amplitude of the prying body 5 , a locking hole 743 is opened inside the rigid cylinder 742 , and the end of the locking hole 743 is chamfered to facilitate the smooth insertion of the locking plug 73 . When installing in engineering applications, ensure that the locking hole 743 and the locking plug 73 can be completely aligned when the skid body 5 is in a static equilibrium position.

When the fan encounters extreme working conditions or the TMD needs to stop working during shutdown and maintenance, the hydraulic cylinder 71 is controlled by the control signal to drive the piston rod 72 to extend, so that the locking plug 73 slightly touches the guide beam 741, and the to-be-slid body 5 slides to the locking plug When 73 is aligned with the locking hole 743, the hydraulic cylinder 71 continues to drive the piston rod 72 to extend until the locking plug 73 is inserted into the bottom of the locking hole 743. By further increasing the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 71, the pry body 5 is locked in the Static equilibrium position; after the skid body 5 stops moving, the braking mechanism 52 can be triggered to brake through the control signal, thereby locking the roller 51, further locking the skid body 5, and realizing the fixation in the TMD system.

When the fan needs TMD to intervene to control its vibration, the control signal controls the locking mechanism 7 to retract the piston rod 72, the locking plug 73 is pulled out from the locking hole 743, and the braking mechanism 52 releases the roller 51, The skid 5 reciprocates under the action of inertial force and spring restoring force, so as to control the vibration of the fan in the out-of-plane direction.

Through the above scheme, installing the passive TMD provided by the present invention is not affected by the yaw of the fan, can significantly alleviate the vibration level in the main vibration direction of the fan, reduce the fatigue damage of the fan structure, and greatly improve the safety and reliability of the fan structure in service. .

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A tuned mass damper for controlling out-of-plane vibration of a fan structure comprises a spring damping system and a pry body, wherein the spring damping system is connected between the front part of a fan cabin and the pry body. The method is characterized in that:

the spring damping system comprises a rigid connecting rod, a rigid connecting plate, a spiral spring and a viscous damper, one end of the rigid connecting rod is fixed at the front part of the fan cabin, the other end of the rigid connecting rod is fixedly connected with one end of the spiral spring and one end of the viscous damper through the rigid connecting plate, and the other ends of the spiral spring and the viscous damper are connected with the prying body to form the passive tuned mass damper;

the prying body is integrally used as a mass block of the passive tuned mass damper, and fan cabin internal equipment including a gear box, a brake disc and a generator is arranged in the prying body.

2. The tuned mass damper according to claim 1, further comprising a guide lock beam for locking the pry body and a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a piston rod and a locking plug, and is fixed above the guide lock beam, and the locking mechanism cooperates with the guide lock beam fixed to the top of the pry body; the guide locking beam comprises a guide beam, a rigid cylinder and locking holes, the guide beam is symmetrically arranged relative to the rigid cylinder, the length of the guide beam is larger than half of the maximum movement amplitude of the prying body, the locking holes are formed in the rigid cylinder, chamfers which are beneficial to smooth insertion of locking plugs are arranged at the end parts of the locking holes, and the hydraulic cylinder is used for driving the piston rod to extend when locking is needed, so that the locking plugs are inserted into the locking holes.

3. The tuned mass damper according to claim 1, further comprising an axial stop comprised of an axial stop baffle for limiting substantial sliding of the sled and a viscous bump layer; the viscous collision layer can absorb the energy of the prying body impacting the axial limiting baffle, and the axial limiter is protected and the energy consumption is increased.

4. The tuned mass damper according to claim 1, further comprising lateral stops disposed on both sides of the pry.

5. The tuned mass damper according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein a roller and detent mechanism is provided at the bottom of the pry body.

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