CN112078195B - Elastic anti-filter geotextile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Elastic anti-filter geotextile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/004—Sealing liners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/51—Elastic
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- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种弹性反滤土工布及其制备方法，该弹性反滤土工布由上层弹性纤维复合土工布、弹性无纺布、下层弹性纤维复合土工布这三层依次叠加而成，其中弹性纤维复合土工布由经纱、纬纱和弹性纤维通过上下叠交的方式、相互交织构成井字状结构，在相邻的经纱和相邻的纬纱之间均编织有弹性纤维组成，且经纱、纬纱和弹性纤维彼此之间留有孔隙。本发明采用科学的组成结构和编织工艺，使得反滤土工布具有弹性，使其具有一定的自适应能力，且保证了在弹性形变时，孔隙不会过大，解决了反滤土工布无弹性能力且易老化、开裂等问题。
The invention discloses an elastic anti-filtering geotextile and a preparation method thereof. The elastic anti-filtering geotextile is formed by successively stacking three layers of an upper elastic fiber composite geotextile, an elastic non-woven fabric and a lower elastic fiber composite geotextile. The elastic fiber composite geotextile is composed of warp yarns, weft yarns and elastic fibers by overlapping and interweaving each other to form a well-shaped structure, and elastic fibers are woven between adjacent warp yarns and adjacent weft yarns. and elastic fibers leave pores between each other. The invention adopts the scientific composition structure and weaving process, so that the anti-filter geotextile has elasticity, so that it has a certain self-adaptive ability, and ensures that the pores will not be too large during elastic deformation, and solves the problem of the inelasticity of the anti-filter geotextile. capacity and easy to aging, cracking and other problems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reverse filtration geotextile, in particular to an elastic reverse filtration geotextile and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for preventing and controlling the penetration damage of engineering in the engineering construction process and can be deformed in a self-adapting way.
Background
With the continuous construction of national infrastructures in China, a novel material, namely geotextile, is applied to engineering after wood, steel bars and concrete, wherein the reverse filter geotextile is widely applied to foundation pit engineering, road bed and side slope engineering, sewage treatment, refuse landfill and other various engineering and plays a vital role in preventing and treating the seepage damage of the engineering. The engineering function of the reverse filtration geotextile is as follows: the soil particles under the action of osmotic pressure can be kept from losing while liquid (such as underground water) is permeated, and the phenomena of 'piping' and 'gushing' can be effectively prevented particularly in hydraulic engineering.
In fact, with the continuous development of construction engineering, foundation pit engineering, road bed and side slope engineering, garbage landfill side slope and other engineering need elastic reverse filtering geotextile with longer service life and self-adaptive deformation to adapt to micro deformation in engineering. However, the existing reverse filtering geotextile can not meet the requirements, and has the following defects: 1. the mechanical strength is poor, particularly the tensile strength and the deformability are poor, and the phenomena of aging, cracking and the like easily occur in various use environments; 2. the knitting process is single, the structure composition is simple, and the elasticity and the self-adaptive deformability are not provided.
Therefore, in order to meet the existing construction requirements and lower later maintenance cost, and solve the problems that the anti-filtration geotextile has no elastic capability and is easy to age and crack, the elastic anti-filtration geotextile with a scientific structure and a certain self-adaptive deformation capability is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an elastic reverse filtering geotextile and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides an elastic reverse filtering geotextile, which is formed by sequentially overlapping an upper layer elastic fiber composite geotextile, an elastic non-woven fabric and a lower layer elastic fiber composite geotextile; the elastic fiber composite geotextile consists of warp yarns, weft yarns and elastic fibers; the warp yarns and the weft yarns are interwoven to form a # -shaped structure in an up-and-down overlapping mode, and elastic fibers are woven between every two adjacent warp yarns and every two adjacent weft yarns; the warp yarns, the weft yarns and the elastic fibers are provided with pores.
Furthermore, the transverse weft yarns and the elastic fibers are uniformly distributed, and the longitudinal warp yarns and the elastic fibers are uniformly distributed, so that the sizes of all pores of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile are ensured to be the same.
Further, the warp, weft and elastic fibers of the elastic fiber composite geotextile are woven together by a warp knitting machine.
Further, the warp, weft and elastic fiber yarns in the elastic fiber composite geotextile are interwoven together not only in a plane but also in the thickness direction, so that a non-layered integral structure is formed.
Furthermore, the elastic non-woven fabric takes chemical fiber as a raw material, elastic master batches are added into the chemical fiber, and the elastic non-woven fabric has the functions of water permeation and sand filtration of the non-woven fabric through chemical or hot melting adhesion, has elasticity, is stable in chemical property, can adapt to different environments, and is wide in application range.
Further, the pore size of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is enough to prevent most of silt in the application environment of the geotextile from permeating.
Furthermore, the elasticity of the elastic fiber composite geotextile is smaller than that of the elastic non-woven fabric, and the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is sewn together by a needle punching method or a stitch bonding method, so that the elastic reverse filtering geotextile has the elasticity, and the pore enlargement caused by the overlarge elasticity can be avoided, and the silt penetrates through the elastic reverse filtering geotextile.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the elastic fiber composite geotextile: using polymer (such as rubber) as raw material, drawing the polymer into yarn form by raising temperature to make warp yarn and weft yarn; then weaving warp yarns and weft yarns together with elastic fibers by using a warp knitting machine to manufacture the elastic fiber composite geotextile;
(2) preparing an elastic non-woven fabric: chemical fiber is used as a raw material, and elastic master batches are added into the chemical fiber, so that the non-woven fabric has the functions of water permeation and sand filtration and has elasticity through chemical or hot melt adhesion;
(3) the three layers of the upper elastic fiber composite geotextile, the elastic non-woven fabric and the lower elastic fiber composite geotextile are sewn together by a needle punching method or a stitch bonding method to form the elastic reverse filtering geotextile.
Furthermore, the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is sewn by using a needle machine, and the tightness and the composite fastness of the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile are ensured by adopting one-time or two-time needle punching in the sewing process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the elastic reverse filtering geotextile has scientific structural composition and weaving process, can improve the mechanical strength of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile, namely enhance the tensile strength, can prolong the service life and adapt to different environments, and has wide engineering application scenes.
2. In the weaving process, the elastic fiber is woven to have elasticity, but the elasticity of the elastic fiber has a certain limit due to the restraint of warp yarns and weft yarns, and the aperture size of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile can be limited by adopting a scientific structure that a layer of elastic non-woven fabric is sandwiched between two layers of elastic fiber composite geotextile, so that the problem that the aperture is enlarged due to elastic deformation and sandy soil is filtered through the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is solved.
3. The elastic reverse filtering geotextile can be deformed in a self-adaptive manner, and can adapt to the micro deformation in various engineering constructions under the condition that the micro deformation is generated in the engineering, so that the problems that the reverse filtering geotextile is broken and does not adhere to a rock-soil layer and the like after the micro deformation is generated in the engineering in the using process are solved.
4. The elastic reverse filtering geotextile is sewn by adopting a common needling technology, so that the batch production of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is easy to realize, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of an elastic reverse filter geotextile construction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the manner in which the elastic fiber composite geotextile is woven;
wherein: the elastic fiber composite geotextile comprises 1 part of elastic fiber composite geotextile, 1-1 part of warp yarns, 1-2 parts of weft yarns, 1-3 parts of elastic fibers and 2 parts of elastic non-woven fabrics.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the elastic reverse filtering geotextile provided in this embodiment is formed by sequentially stacking an upper elastic fiber composite geotextile 1, an elastic nonwoven fabric 2, and a lower elastic fiber composite geotextile 1; the elasticity of the elastic fiber composite geotextile 1 is smaller than the elastic non-woven fabric 2, the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is sewn together by a needle punching method or a stitch bonding method, and the scientific structure of the elastic non-woven fabric layer is clamped between the two layers of elastic fiber composite geotextiles, so that the aperture size of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile can be limited, the elastic geotextile is prevented from being enlarged due to elastic deformation, and the silt penetrates through the elastic reverse filtering geotextile.
As shown in fig. 2, the elastic fiber composite geotextile 1 is composed of warp yarns 1-1, weft yarns 1-2 and elastic fibers 1-3, and is woven together by a warp knitting machine; the warp yarns 1-1 and the weft yarns 1-2 are interwoven to form a # -shaped structure in an up-and-down overlapping mode, and elastic fibers 1-3 are woven between every two adjacent warp yarns 1-1 and every two adjacent weft yarns 1-2; the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is characterized in that holes are reserved among the warp yarns 1-1, the weft yarns 1-2 and the elastic fibers 1-3 are uniformly arranged, and the warp yarns 1-1 and the elastic fibers 1-3 are uniformly arranged in the longitudinal direction, so that the sizes of all the holes of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile are the same, and the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is prevented from enabling silt to penetrate through the elastic geotextile due to different sizes of the holes when used for filtering silt reversely.
Specifically, the three yarns of the elastic fiber composite geotextile 1, namely the warp yarns 1-1, the weft yarns 1-2 and the elastic fibers 1-3 are interwoven with each other in a plane and also interwoven with each other in the thickness direction, so that a non-layered integral structure is formed.
Specifically, the elastic non-woven fabric 2 is made of chemical fibers as a raw material, wherein the elastic master batch is added, and the non-woven fabric has the water permeation and sand filtration functions of the non-woven fabric through chemical or hot melting adhesion, has elasticity, is stable in chemical property, can adapt to different environments, and is wide in application range.
The preparation method of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the elastic fiber composite geotextile 1: using polymer (such as rubber) as raw material, drawing the polymer into yarn form by raising temperature to make warp yarn 1-1 and weft yarn 1-2; then weaving warp yarns 1-1 and weft yarns 1-2 together with elastic fibers 1-3 by using a warp knitting machine to manufacture the elastic fiber composite geotextile 1;
(2) preparing an elastic non-woven fabric 2: chemical fiber is used as a raw material, and elastic master batches are added into the chemical fiber, so that the non-woven fabric has the functions of water permeation and sand filtration and has elasticity through chemical or hot melt adhesion;
(3) the three layers of the upper elastic fiber composite geotextile 1, the elastic non-woven fabric 2 and the lower elastic fiber composite geotextile 1 are sewn together by a needle punching method or a stitch bonding method to form the elastic reverse filtering geotextile.
Specifically, the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is sewn by using a needle machine, and the tightness and the composite fastness of the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile are ensured by adopting one-time or two-time needle punching in the sewing process.
A specific application scenario of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile of the present embodiment is given below, but not limited thereto: conveying the elastic reverse filtering geotextile to a road subgrade construction site from a factory, after leveling an area to be paved, paving the elastic reverse filtering geotextile to the area, wherein in the construction process, the lapping of about more than 10cm is needed between every two pieces of elastic reverse filtering geotextile, and after the paving is finished, continuing to construct the road subgrade; when the construction process, the road bed takes place small deformation, and the elasticity that lays is anti-strains geotechnological cloth self-adaptation and is out of shape in order to adapt to the small deformation in the engineering, guarantees that the elasticity is anti-strains geotechnological cloth and laminates road bed rock and soil layer all the time, makes its anti-effect of straining not influenced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and although the present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (3)
1. The elastic reverse filtering geotextile is characterized by being formed by sequentially overlapping an upper layer elastic fiber composite geotextile (1), an elastic non-woven fabric (2) and a lower layer elastic fiber composite geotextile (1); the elastic fiber composite geotextile (1) consists of warp yarns (1-1), weft yarns (1-2) and elastic fibers (1-3); the warp yarns (1-1) and the weft yarns (1-2) are interwoven to form a # -shaped structure in an up-down overlapping mode, and elastic fibers (1-3) are woven between every two adjacent warp yarns (1-1) and every two adjacent weft yarns (1-2); pores are reserved among the warp yarns (1-1), the weft yarns (1-2) and the elastic fibers (1-3);
the transverse weft yarns (1-2) and the elastic fibers (1-3) are uniformly distributed, and the longitudinal warp yarns (1-1) and the elastic fibers (1-3) are uniformly distributed, so that the sizes of all pores of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile are ensured to be the same; the size of the pores of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile meets the requirement of preventing most of silt in the application environment of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile from permeating;
warp (1-1), weft (1-2) and elastic fibers (1-3) of the elastic fiber composite geotextile (1) are woven together through a warp knitting machine; in the elastic fiber composite geotextile (1), three yarns, namely warp yarns (1-1), weft yarns (1-2) and elastic fibers (1-3), are interwoven together in a plane and in the thickness direction, so that a non-layered integral structure is formed;
the elastic non-woven fabric (2) takes chemical fibers as raw materials, and elastic master batches are added into the raw materials and are subjected to chemical or hot melting bonding to enable the non-woven fabric to have the functions of water permeation and sand filtration and elasticity;
the elasticity of the elastic fiber composite geotextile (1) is smaller than the elastic non-woven fabric (2), and the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filter geotextile is sewn together through a needle punching method or a stitch bonding method, so that the elastic reverse filter geotextile has elasticity, and the pore enlargement caused by the overlarge elasticity can be avoided, and the silt penetrates through the elastic reverse filter geotextile.
2. A method of making the elastic reverse filter geotextile of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing the elastic fiber composite geotextile (1): taking polymer as raw material, drawing the polymer into a yarn form by raising temperature to make warp (1-1) and weft (1-2); then weaving warp yarns (1-1) and weft yarns (1-2) together with elastic fibers (1-3) by using a warp knitting machine to manufacture the elastic fiber composite geotextile (1);
(2) preparing an elastic nonwoven (2): chemical fiber is used as a raw material, and elastic master batches are added into the chemical fiber, so that the non-woven fabric has the functions of water permeation and sand filtration and has elasticity through chemical or hot melt adhesion;
(3) the three layers of the upper elastic fiber composite geotextile (1), the elastic non-woven fabric (2) and the lower elastic fiber composite geotextile (1) are sewn together by a needle punching method or a stitch-bonding method to form the elastic reverse filtering geotextile.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile is sewn by a needle machine, and the tightness and the composite fastness of the three-layer structure of the elastic reverse filtering geotextile are ensured by one or two times of needle punching in the sewing process.
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