CN112068082B - Target polarization parameter estimation method based on fully polarized conformal MIMO radar - Google Patents
Target polarization parameter estimation method based on fully polarized conformal MIMO radar Download PDFInfo
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/024—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using polarisation effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/414—Discriminating targets with respect to background clutter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/415—Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/418—Theoretical aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention provides a target polarization parameter estimation method based on a full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, which is used for solving the problems of low target polarization parameter estimation precision and high calculation complexity, and comprises the following implementation steps: setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar; receiving an echo signal matrix by a receiving end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar; calculating the weight of the received wave beam formation; obtaining a polarized channel echo signal; calculating a pulse compression weight; and obtaining target polarization parameter estimation. The method utilizes the weight formed by the conformal array and the receiving beam, improves the estimation precision of the target polarization parameter, and can be used for identifying, tracking and detecting the moving target by the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and further relates to a target polarization parameter estimation method based on a full-polarization conformal multi-input multi-output MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) radar in the technical field of radar. The estimated moving target polarization parameter can be used for identifying, tracking and detecting the moving target by the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar.
Background
A conformal array antenna refers to an array antenna attached to a carrier surface and attached to the carrier, i.e., the array antenna needs to be conformally mounted on a surface of a fixed shape, thereby forming a non-planar conformal antenna array. In modern wireless communication systems, conformal array antennas are called as a research hot spot in the antenna field because they can conform to the surface of carrier platforms running at high speed, such as airplanes, missiles, satellites, etc., and do not destroy the shape structure and aerodynamics of the carrier. The MIMO radar system uses a plurality of pairs of receiving and transmitting antennas to receive and transmit signals at the same time, and can respectively irradiate a measured target from different directions, so that more characteristic information about the measured target is detected. The MIMO radar uses mutually orthogonal waveforms, so that interference to the radar itself and interference from other systems is greatly reduced, and the detection and parameter estimation performance of the radar is improved. MIMO radar has a higher degree of freedom than conventional radar.
A low-complexity polarization parameter estimation tracking device and method are disclosed in the patent literature of the university of Hangzhou electronic technology (patent application number CN2019111094363, application publication number CN 110837075A) of the university of Hangzhou electronic technology. The device comprises an antenna signal processing module and a polarization parameter estimation module, wherein the antenna signal processing module comprises a plurality of subarray signal processing modules, and is used for carrying out beam forming on analog signals received by a mixed dual-polarized antenna array and converting the analog signals into digital signals; the polarization parameter estimation module is used for performing signal processing on the output of the antenna signal processing module and estimating the polarization parameters of the incoming waves. The method has the defects that the main lobe is widened and the side lobe is raised when the planar phased array scans in a large range, so that the estimation accuracy of the target polarization parameters is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a target polarization parameter estimation method based on a full-polarization conformal MIMO radar aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, the echo signal matrix is multiplied by the weight of the receiving beam forming of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar to carry out phase compensation to obtain the polarized channel echo signal, the polarized channel echo signal is subjected to pulse compression by the pulse compression weight and is arranged in a vector form to obtain the target polarization parameter estimation, and the problems of low target polarization parameter estimation precision and high calculation complexity in the prior art are solved.
The idea for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar; receiving an echo signal matrix by a receiving end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar; calculating the weight of the received wave beam formation; obtaining a polarized channel echo signal; calculating a pulse compression weight; and obtaining target polarization parameter estimation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific implementation steps of the present invention include the following:
(1) Setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar:
setting antenna arrangement modes of a full-polarization conformal MIMO radar comprising a horizontal arrangement mode and a vertical arrangement mode, and transmitting MIMO signals through a conformal array transmitting end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar;
(2) Receiving an echo signal matrix by a receiving end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar;
(3) The weights for the receive beamforming are calculated as follows:
V＝A r * (QQ H ) -1
wherein V represents the weight of the receive beam forming of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, A r Polarized receive antenna beam representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, (·) * Representing the conjugate operation, Q represents the polarization parameter at which the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ, (-) H Representing conjugate transpose operations, (. Cndot.) -1 Representing a pseudo-inversion operation;
(4) Obtaining polarized channel echo signals:
multiplying the echo signal matrix by using the weight of the received wave beam formation to perform phase compensation, so as to obtain a polarized channel echo signal;
(5) The pulse compression weights are calculated according to the following formula:
wherein U represents a pulse compression weight, S represents a transmitting signal of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, N s Representing the total number of symbols of a transmitted signal in a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, A t Polarized transmit antenna beam representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, R s A covariance matrix representing a transmit signal of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar;
(6) Obtaining target polarization parameter estimation:
pulse compression is carried out on the polarized channel echo signals by utilizing the pulse compression weight values, and the polarized channel echo signals are arranged in a vector form, so that target polarization parameter estimation is obtained:
wherein ,representing the target polarization parameter estimate, vec (·) represents vector operation, and B represents the echo signal matrix received by the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the conformal array transmitting end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar transmits the MIMO signal, so that the defect that a main lobe is widened and a side lobe is raised when a plane phased array scans in a large range in the prior art is overcome, and the method has the advantage of high estimation precision of target polarization parameters.
Secondly, the invention uses the weight of the received wave beam formation to carry out phase compensation on the matrix multiplication of the echo signals, overcomes the defect of high calculation complexity of estimating the polarization parameters by respectively using the digital wave beam output signals in the horizontal and vertical polarization directions in the prior art, and has the advantage of low calculation complexity of the target polarization parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a constellation diagram of target polarization parameter estimation in a simulation experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the mean square error of the target polarization parameter estimation with the signal to noise ratio in the simulation experiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The specific steps of the implementation of the present invention are further described with reference to fig. 1.
And step 1, setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar.
And setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar comprising a horizontal arrangement mode and a vertical arrangement mode, and transmitting MIMO signals through a conformal array transmitting end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar.
And step 2, receiving an echo signal matrix by a receiving end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar.
Step 3, calculating the weight of the received beam forming according to the following formula:
V＝A r * (QQ H ) -1
wherein V represents the weight of the receive beam forming of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, A r Polarized receive antenna beam representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, (·) * Representing the conjugate operation, Q represents the polarization parameter at which the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ, (-) H Representing conjugate transpose operations, (. Cndot.) -1 Representing a pseudo-inversion operation.
And 4, obtaining a polarized channel echo signal.
And multiplying the echo signal matrix by using the weight of the received wave beam formation to perform phase compensation, thereby obtaining the polarized channel echo signal.
Step 5, calculating a pulse compression weight according to the following formula:
wherein U represents a pulse compression weight, S represents a transmitting signal of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, N s Representing the total number of symbols of a transmitted signal in a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, A t Polarized transmit antenna beam representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, R s A covariance matrix representing the transmitted signal of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar.
And 6, obtaining target polarization parameter estimation.
Pulse compression is carried out on the polarized channel echo signals by utilizing the pulse compression weight values, and the polarized channel echo signals are arranged in a vector form, so that target polarization parameter estimation is obtained:
wherein ,representing the target polarization parameter estimate, vec (·) represents vector operation, and B represents the echo signal matrix received by the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar.
The target polarization parameter estimation formula is obtained by the following steps.
First, calculating polarized transmitting antenna beams and polarized receiving antenna beams of the full-polarized conformal MIMO radar according to the following formula:
A t ＝diag(a t (θ))P T
A r ＝diag(a r (φ))Q T
wherein ,At Polarized transmit antenna beams representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, diag (·) representing the conversion of vectors into a diagonal matrix operation, a t (θ) represents a transmit array steering vector where the transmit antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ, and P represents a polarization parameter where the transmit antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ, (-) T Representing the transpose operation, A r Representing polarized receive antenna beams of a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar,representing a receive array steering vector at which the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ, and Q represents a polarization parameter at which the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ.
Secondly, matching and filtering an echo signal matrix received by a receiving end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar by using a matched filtering vectorization formula, and arranging the echo signal matrix in a vector form to obtain a matched and filtered echo signal vector:
where r represents the matched filtered echo signal vector, vec (·) represents the vector operation, and S represents the transmit signal waveform of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, (·) H Representing conjugate transpose operation, B represents an echo signal matrix received by a receiving antenna array of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, N s Representing the total number of symbols of the transmitted signal in a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar.
Thirdly, calculating weights of two polarized receiving antenna beams according to the following formula:
where W represents the weights of the two polarized receive antenna beams of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar,represents the Kronecker product operation, R s A covariance matrix representing the transmitted signal of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar.
And fourthly, performing phase compensation and normalization processing on the echo signal vector after matching and filtering by utilizing the weight values of the two polarized receiving antenna beams to obtain the following target polarization parameter estimation:
wherein ,representing the target polarization parameter estimate, I representing the identity matrix, (. Cndot.) -1 Representing a pseudo-inversion operation.
The effects of the present invention will be further described by simulation.
1. Simulation conditions:
the simulation of the present invention is performed in the software environment of MATLAB R2019 a.
2. The simulation content:
the simulation experiment of the invention adopts a full-polarization conformal MIMO radar with a multifunctional transmitting and receiving array, the antenna arrangement form of the conformal array is set to be 5 horizontally polarized antennas and 5 vertically polarized antennas, and the target azimuth angle isThe polarization parameter of the transmitting antenna array is->The polarization parameters of the receiving antenna array are as followsThe target polarization scattering matrix is->Signal to noise ratio SNR = -10dB.
3. Simulation experiment and effect analysis:
the simulation experiment of the invention continuously receives 100 target echo signals through the simulation full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, and the target polarization parameter estimation result obtained by adopting the method of the invention is shown in fig. 2 and 3.
Fig. 2 is a constellation diagram of target polarization parameter estimation in a simulation experiment of the present invention. Wherein the abscissa in fig. 2 represents the real part and the ordinate represents the imaginary part. In fig. 2 "·" represents the polarization parameter estimation value, and "×" represents the polarization parameter true value. As can be seen from fig. 2, by comparing the estimated value of the polarization parameter with the actual value of the polarization parameter, the estimated value of the target polarization parameter is approximately equal to the actual value, which indicates that the estimated value of the target polarization parameter obtained by the present invention has higher estimation accuracy.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the mean square error of the target polarization parameter estimation with the signal to noise ratio in the simulation experiment of the present invention. Wherein the abscissa in fig. 3 represents the signal-to-noise ratio and the ordinate represents the target polarization parameter estimation mean square error. The graph in fig. 3 shows the case where the mean square error of the target polarization parameter estimation varies with the signal-to-noise ratio. The curve in fig. 3 shows that as the signal-to-noise ratio increases, the mean square error of the target polarization parameter estimation decreases, and the estimation accuracy is continuously improved, so that the target polarization parameter estimation obtained by the method has higher estimation accuracy.
Claims (1)
1. The target polarization parameter estimation method based on the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar is characterized by setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, performing phase compensation on an echo signal matrix by using a received beam forming weight, and performing pulse compression on a polarized channel echo signal by using a pulse compression weight, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Setting an antenna arrangement form of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar:
setting antenna arrangement modes of a full-polarization conformal MIMO radar comprising a horizontal arrangement mode and a vertical arrangement mode, and transmitting MIMO signals through a conformal array transmitting end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar;
(2) Receiving an echo signal matrix by a receiving end of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar;
(3) The weights for the receive beamforming are calculated as follows:
V＝A r * (QQ H ) -1
wherein V represents the weight of the receive beam forming of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, A r Polarized receive antenna beam representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, (·) * Representing the conjugate operation, Q represents the polarization parameter at which the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar is pointed in the spatial direction θ, (-) H Representing conjugate transpose operations, (. Cndot.) -1 Representing a pseudo-inversion operation;
(4) Obtaining polarized channel echo signals:
multiplying the echo signal matrix by using the weight of the received wave beam formation to perform phase compensation, so as to obtain a polarized channel echo signal;
(5) The pulse compression weights are calculated according to the following formula:
wherein U represents a pulse compression weight, S represents a transmitting signal of the full-polarization conformal MIMO radar, N s Representing the total number of symbols of a transmitted signal in a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, A t Polarized transmit antenna beam representing a fully polarized conformal MIMO radar, R s A covariance matrix representing a transmit signal of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar;
(6) Obtaining target polarization parameter estimation:
pulse compression is carried out on the polarized channel echo signals by utilizing the pulse compression weight values, and the polarized channel echo signals are arranged in a vector form, so that target polarization parameter estimation is obtained:
wherein ,representing the target polarization parameter estimate, vec (·) represents vector operation, and B represents the echo signal matrix received by the receive antenna array of the fully polarized conformal MIMO radar.
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| EP2577875A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2013-04-10 | Ubiqam Ltd. | Method and system of interference cancelation in collocated tranceivers configurations |
| CN103412286A (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2013-11-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Transmitting polarization optimizing DOA (direction of arrival) evaluation method based on MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar |
| CN109143197A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of 2D-DOA and polarization estimation method of the polarization MIMO radar based on auxiliary array element |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2577875A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2013-04-10 | Ubiqam Ltd. | Method and system of interference cancelation in collocated tranceivers configurations |
| CN103412286A (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2013-11-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Transmitting polarization optimizing DOA (direction of arrival) evaluation method based on MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar |
| CN109143197A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of 2D-DOA and polarization estimation method of the polarization MIMO radar based on auxiliary array element |
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