CN112059652A - Handle structure of high-speed cutter and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Handle structure of high-speed cutter and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112059652A CN112059652A CN202010859617.4A CN202010859617A CN112059652A CN 112059652 A CN112059652 A CN 112059652A CN 202010859617 A CN202010859617 A CN 202010859617A CN 112059652 A CN112059652 A CN 112059652A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a handle of a knife structure of high-speed cutter relates to high-speed processing cutter field, and it includes handle of a knife body and collet chuck, the handle of a knife body is including continuous one-level cooperation section and second grade cooperation section, one-level cooperation section is toper and its cone angle and keeps away from second grade cooperation section direction setting, the mating holes has been seted up on the surface that one-level cooperation section was kept away from to second grade cooperation section, the collet chuck sets up in the mating holes, the mating holes is interior taper hole, the less bottom surface of mating holes is close to one-level cooperation section setting, the collet chuck is toper and the laminating of its outer surface and the inner wall side of mating holes, and the slide wedge presss from both sides tightly. The application also relates to a manufacturing process of the cutter handle structure of the high-speed cutter, which comprises a rough machining step, a first finish machining step of the cutter handle body, a finish machining step of the matching hole and a second finish machining step of the cutter handle body. This application has the effect that improves connection stability between handle of a knife body and the collet chuck.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of high-speed machining tools, in particular to a tool shank structure of a high-speed tool and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
At present, the development of high-speed machining technology provides important guarantee for the research and development and application of high-speed machining tools, and meanwhile, the high-speed cutting technology also puts various new requirements on the machine tools. Compared with the traditional numerical control machine tool, the high-speed processing machine tool has larger change in structure and performance, and the main components of the high-speed processing machine tool are a high-speed rotary main shaft unit system, a high-speed feeding system, a high-speed machine tool supporting part, a high-speed tool system, a high-speed numerical control system, a high-speed processing monitoring system, an auxiliary system and the like. The high-speed tool system refers to a connecting system of a machine tool spindle and a cutter.
The high-speed tool system in the related art generally includes a main shaft, a tool shank, a clamping mechanism and a tool, the clamping mechanism is used for connecting the tool shank and the tool, and the conventional tool shank and the clamping mechanism are fastened and connected with each other at the end face of the connection through a bolt.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventor believes that in the actual use process, the connection structure between the tool holder and the clamping mechanism in the related art is difficult to meet the precision requirement, and especially when the connection is performed by using bolts, the slight imbalance among a plurality of bolts generates a huge centrifugal force under high-speed rotation, so that the system is suddenly vibrated, the machining process is unstable, the precision and the surface quality of the machined part are seriously affected, and the tool and the spindle are easily damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of poor connection stability between the cutter handle and the clamping mechanism in the related art, the application provides a cutter handle structure of a high-speed cutter and a manufacturing process thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a handle structure of a high-speed tool, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a handle of a knife structure and manufacturing process of high-speed cutter, includes handle of a knife body and collet chuck, the handle of a knife body is including continuous one-level cooperation section and second grade cooperation section, one-level cooperation section is toper and its cone angle and keeps away from second grade cooperation section direction setting, the mating holes has been seted up on the surface that one-level cooperation section was kept away from to second grade cooperation section, the collet chuck sets up in the mating holes, the mating holes is interior taper hole, the less bottom surface of mating holes is close to one-level cooperation section setting, the collet chuck is the toper and laminates with the inner wall side of mating holes on its outer surface, and the slide wedge presss from both sides tightly.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, realize reciprocal anchorage through the mode that the slide wedge was tight between collet chuck and the mating holes, the collet chuck in this application is the clamping mechanism in the correlation technique promptly, compare with the fixed mode between the handle of a knife in the correlation technique and the collet chuck, its structure is simpler, the operation mode is also more simple and convenient, only need insert the collet chuck to the mating holes when fixing, and apply axial force to the collet chuck, make between collet chuck and the mating holes support tightly each other, can realize reciprocal anchorage between collet chuck and the handle of a knife body. The mode that uses the slide wedge to press from both sides tightly fixes, because the collet chuck all can evenly atress on the whole surface that contacts with the mating holes to make the handle of a knife body when driving the collet chuck and rotate, the collet chuck has higher dynamic balance performance, thereby makes the axial stability of the cutter of connection on the collet chuck better, can effectively improve the surface quality of machining precision and processing back work piece.
Preferably, the tool shank body and the collet are both made of 304 stainless steel, the contact surfaces of the tool shank body and the collet are mirror-finished, the friction coefficient of the contact surfaces of the tool shank body and the collet is in the range of 0.1-0.15, and the wedge lift angle of the collet is 1-10 degrees.
By adopting the technical scheme, in order to meet the self-locking condition of wedge clamping, the lift angle of the wedge needs to be larger than the sum of the friction angles of the two contacted surfaces of the tool handle body and the collet chuck, the friction coefficient range of the two contacted surfaces of the tool handle body and the collet chuck is 0.1-0.15, the friction angle range of the two contacted surfaces of the tool handle body and the collet chuck is 5.7-8.3, the sum range of the two friction angles is 11.4-16.6, the lift angle of the wedge of the collet chuck is 1-10 degrees, the self-locking condition of wedge clamping can be met under most conditions, and the tool handle body and the collet chuck are not easy to separate due to external force.
Preferably, the wedge angle of the collet is 1-3 °.
By adopting the technical scheme, on the basis, the inclined wedge lift angle of the collet chuck is further reduced, namely the taper of the collet chuck is reduced, so that the deviation of the axis between the tool handle body and the collet chuck is smaller after the tool handle body and the collet chuck are installed in a matched mode. When the taper angle of the collet chuck is large, if the diameter direction of the cone has an error of 1 micrometer in the manufacturing process of the collet chuck and the matching hole, the error of the position of the axial end face needs to be controlled within 3 micrometers, after the taper angle of the collet chuck is reduced, the error range of the position of the axial end face can be effectively enlarged under the same error of the diameter of the cone, convenience is brought to the manufacturing of the tool shank body and the collet chuck, and the tool shank body and the collet chuck are more favorably mounted.
Preferably, an end face positioning section is arranged between the first-stage matching section and the second-stage matching section, and the axial projection ranges of the first-stage matching section and the second-stage matching section are all in the axial projection range of the end face positioning section.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the tool shank body is installed, the first-level matching section and the end face positioning section simultaneously position the position of the tool shank body, so that over-positioning is realized, and the axial and radial positioning accuracy and rigidity of the tool shank are higher. Under the condition of high rotation speed, high-speed centrifugal force brought by high rotation speed easily leads to driving expansion difference between the main shaft and the cutter handle body, so that the cutter handle body generates large axial movement, the end face supporting effect of the end face positioning section on the cutter handle body can effectively overcome the axial movement, the working precision of the cutter handle body is further improved, the surface quality of parts after processing is effectively improved, and the service life of the cutter handle is prolonged.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a manufacturing process of a tool shank structure of a high-speed tool, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing process of a tool shank structure of a high-speed tool comprises the following steps,
rough machining, namely roughly machining the outer contours of the tool shank body and the collet chuck on a lathe by using the blank subjected to heat treatment, wherein after rough machining is finished, the machining allowance of the outer surfaces of the primary matching section, the end face positioning section and the secondary matching section of the tool shank body is controlled to be 3-4 mm, the machining allowance of the inner surface of the matching hole in the secondary matching section is controlled to be 2-3 mm, and the machining allowance of the outer surface of the collet chuck is controlled to be 2-3 mm;
a first finish machining step of the cutter handle body, wherein the first finish machining is carried out on the first-stage matching section, the end face positioning section and the second-stage matching section of the cutter handle body, after the first finish machining, machining allowance of the outer surfaces of the first-stage matching section, the end face positioning section and the second-stage matching section is controlled to be 2-3 mm, the axis of the first-stage matching section is taken as a reference axis, the coaxiality of the end face positioning section based on the reference axis is 20 micrometers, the coaxiality of the second-stage matching section based on the reference axis is 10 micrometers, and the verticality of the surface, close to the first-stage matching section, of the end face positioning section based;
a matching hole finish machining step, wherein a first floating clamp is required to be used, the first floating clamp clamps a primary matching section and an end face positioning section of the tool holder body, an inner circle grinding head is used for finish machining the inner wall of the matching hole, the axis of the primary matching section is used as a reference axis, and the coaxiality of the machined matching hole based on the reference axis is 1 micrometer;
a second finish machining step of the tool shank body, wherein a first constant pressure tip and a second floating tip are used for simultaneously positioning two ends of the tool shank body, wherein, the first constant pressure tip tightly abuts against the end face of the first-stage matching section far away from the end face positioning section and drives the cutter handle body to rotate through the end face, the second floating tip tightly abuts against the matching hole, after the first constant pressure tip and the second floating tip tightly abut against and position the cutter handle body at the same time, grinding the surface of the primary matching section by using a first grinding wheel, grinding the surface of the secondary matching section by using a second grinding wheel, grinding the surface of the end face positioning section by using a third grinding wheel, and after the processing is finished, the axis of the first-stage matching section is used as a reference axis, the coaxiality of the second-stage matching section based on the reference axis is 1 micrometer, and the perpendicularity of the surface, close to the first-stage matching section, of the end face positioning section based on the reference axis is 5 micrometers.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, owing to add man-hour to the handle of a knife body, need to guarantee that one-level cooperation section, second grade cooperation section and cooperation hole department have higher surface accuracy and position accuracy, and add man-hour to the handle of a knife body, inevitable needs fix a position and the centre gripping is rotated in order to drive the handle of a knife body to the handle of a knife body, and leads to processing part surface quality impaired easily in the clamping process, and the many times centre gripping location that many times processing brought, also leads to the precision after the handle of a knife body processing to descend easily. For this reason, in the manufacturing process of this application, at first carry out rough machining to the handle of a knife body to keep great machining allowance, so that carry out the finish machining to the handle of a knife body in later stage in order to reduce the error as far as possible. The purpose of the first finish machining step of the tool shank body is to enable the first-stage matching section and the second-stage matching section to have higher coaxiality, so that higher machining precision is achieved. When carrying out the mating holes finish machining step, fix a position through one-level cooperation section and press from both sides tightly, first anchor clamps that float are less to the damage on one-level cooperation section surface, and make course of working have higher dynamic balance nature, can carry out dynamic adjustment to the error that produces in the course of working, effectively improve the machining precision. After the mating holes processing was accomplished, regard as the benchmark with the mating holes that the processing was accomplished to floating top simultaneously through first constant voltage and the second and fix a position and press from both sides tight the both ends of handle of a knife body, the handle of a knife body is rotated by the top drive of first constant voltage, and in the pivoted, through first emery wheel, second emery wheel and third emery wheel respectively to each part of handle of a knife body surface abrasive machining, in order to improve the surface quality of handle of a knife body and reach required size precision. In the second finish machining step of the cutter handle body, the two centers are used for fixing the cutter handle body, so that the clamping position of the cutter handle body does not need to be repeatedly replaced in the machining process, the positioning precision of the cutter handle body in the machining step cannot be changed, and the part precision of the machined cutter handle body is effectively improved.
Preferably, in the finish machining step of the mating holes, first floating fixture includes first air supporting head, first holding tank has been seted up towards the one side of one-level cooperation section to first air supporting head, first holding tank internal wall face shape cooperatees with one-level cooperation section surface, be provided with first chamber of ventilating in the first air supporting head, first air inlet has been seted up on first air supporting head surface, first air inlet is connected with air supply equipment through rotary joint, first holding tank internal wall face evenly distributed has a plurality of first gas outlets, first air inlet and first gas outlet all with first chamber intercommunication of ventilating, first floating fixture is still including setting up in the first claw of pulling out of first air supporting head side, the terminal of first claw and the terminal surface positioning section keep away from the surface butt of one-level cooperation section.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after air feeder started the air feed, gaseous process rotary joint enters into first ventilation chamber through first air inlet, spout from first gas outlet afterwards, make to form the gaseous membrane of one deck constant voltage between the internal surface of first holding tank and the surface of one-level cooperation section, the first claw of pulling out keeps away from the surface butt of one-level cooperation section to terminal surface positioning section simultaneously, drive the handle of a knife body and rotate when the butt, the gaseous membrane that exists between the internal surface of first holding tank and the surface of one-level cooperation section makes and supports tightly each other between terminal surface positioning section and the first claw of pulling out, the surface that one-level cooperation section was kept away from to the terminal surface positioning section need not to carry out the terminal surface location in the in-service use, so the butt of first claw of pulling out can not exert an influence to the overall positioning precision in the follow-up use.
Preferably, in the fine machining step of handle of a knife body second, the central point that first constant voltage top is close to one-level cooperation section's end and one-level cooperation section terminal surface puts the butt, the one end side that first constant voltage top kept away from one-level cooperation section is provided with the second and pulls out the claw, the second pulls out the end of grabbing and the terminal surface butt of one-level cooperation section, and first constant voltage top drives the handle of a knife body and rotates together when rotating.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the apical jack of messenger's handle of a knife body is received all the time and is kept unanimous, and the handle of a knife body rotates under the drive of second claw.
Preferably, in the second finish machining step of the tool holder body, the second floating tip is an outer cone matched with the inner wall of the matching hole, a second ventilating cavity is formed in the second floating tip, a plurality of second gas outlets are formed in the surface, located in the matching hole, of the second floating tip, the end face, far away from the second-level matching section, of the second floating tip is provided with a second gas inlet, the second gas inlet is connected with gas supply equipment, and the second gas inlet and the second gas outlets are communicated with the second ventilating cavity.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when gas supply equipment opened, gaseous from the second air inlet flow to second air outlet department and make and form the even gas film of one deck between second floating tip's surface and the cooperation hole inner wall for the one end that the handle of a knife body is close to second grade cooperation section reaches dynamic balance and has higher rotation accuracy, thereby effectively improves the precision after the handle of a knife body processing.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. through the arrangement of the matching hole and the collet chuck, the effect of improving the processing progress of the part in a wedge clamping manner can be achieved;
2. through the arrangement of the primary matching section and the end face positioning section, the effect of realizing over-positioning of the installation of the cutter handle to improve the machining precision of the installed cutter handle body can be achieved;
3. through the arrangement of the first floating clamp and the second floating center, the effects of improving the machining precision of the tool holder body and improving the surface quality of the tool holder body can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a shank structure of a high-speed tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structures of the first floating fixture and the tool shank body of the manufacturing process of the tool shank structure of the high-speed tool according to the embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structures of a first constant pressure tip and a second floating tip of the manufacturing process of the shank structure of a high speed tool according to the embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals, 1, a tool shank body; 11. a first-stage matching section; 12. an end face positioning section; 13. a secondary matching section; 131. a mating hole; 2. a collet; 3. a first floating jig; 31. a first air bearing head; 311. a first accommodating groove; 312. a first vent lumen; 313. a first air inlet; 314. a first air outlet; 32. a first claw; 33. a rotary joint; 4. a first constant pressure tip; 41. a second claw; 5. a second floating center; 51. a second venting cavity; 52. a second air outlet; 53. a second air inlet; 6. a first grinding wheel; 7. a second grinding wheel; 8. an air supply device.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses handle of a knife structure of high-speed cutter. Referring to fig. 1, the handle structure includes handle body 1 and collet chuck 2, and handle body 1 includes one-level cooperation section 11, terminal surface location section 12 and the second grade location section that links to each other, and one-level cooperation section 11 and second grade cooperation section 13 are all in terminal surface location section 12 in axial projection scope at axial projection scope. One-level cooperation section 11 is the toper and its cone angle and keeps away from the setting of second grade cooperation section 13 direction, and second grade cooperation section 13 keeps away from the surface of one-level cooperation section 11 and has seted up mating holes 131, and collet chuck 2 sets up in mating holes 131, and mating holes 131 is interior taper hole, and the less bottom surface of mating holes 131 is close to one-level cooperation section 11 and sets up, and collet chuck 2 is the toper and its surface and the laminating of the inner wall side of mating holes 131, and the slide clamp sets up between mating holes 131 and collet chuck 2.
Referring to fig. 1, the tool shank body 1 and the collet chuck 2 are both made of 304 stainless steel, and the surfaces of the tool shank body 1 and the collet chuck 2 that are in contact with each other are mirror-finished, the friction coefficient of the surfaces of the tool shank body 1 and the collet chuck 2 that are in contact with each other ranges from 0.1 to 0.15, the taper angle of the collet chuck 2 is 1 to 10 °, and preferably, the taper angle of the collet chuck 2 is 1 to 3 ° in order to further improve the precision of the tool shank in manufacturing.
The implementation principle of the knife handle structure of the high-speed cutter in the embodiment of the application is as follows: the collet 2 in the application is a clamping mechanism in the related technology, compared with the fixing mode between a tool shank and the collet 2 in the related technology, the structure is simpler, the operation mode is simpler and more convenient, when the collet 2 is fixed, the collet 2 is only required to be inserted into the matching hole 131, axial force is applied to the collet 2, the collet 2 and the matching hole 131 are mutually abutted, and the collet 2 and the tool shank body 1 can be fixed mutually. Use the mode that the slide wedge presss from both sides tightly to fix, because collet chuck 2 all can evenly atress on the whole surface that contacts with mating holes 131 to make handle of a knife body 1 when driving collet chuck 2 and rotate, collet chuck 2 has higher dynamic balance performance, thereby makes the axial stability of the cutter of connection on collet chuck 2 better, can effectively improve the surface quality of machining precision and processing back work piece. In order to meet the self-locking condition of wedge clamping, the lift angle of the wedge needs to be larger than the sum of the friction angles of two contacted surfaces of the tool holder body 1 and the collet chuck 2, the friction coefficient range of the two contacted surfaces of the tool holder body 1 and the collet chuck 2 is 0.1-0.15, the friction angle range of the two contacted surfaces of the tool holder body 1 and the collet chuck 2 is 5.7-8.3, the sum range of the two friction angles is 11.4-16.6, the lift angle of the wedge of the collet chuck 2 is 1-10 degrees, the self-locking condition of wedge clamping can be met under most conditions, and on the basis, the lift angle of the wedge of the collet chuck 2 is further reduced, namely the taper of the collet chuck 2 is reduced, so that the deviation of the axis between the tool holder body 1 and the collet chuck 2 after the tool holder body and the collet chuck 2 are installed in a matched mode is smaller.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a manufacturing process of the knife handle structure of the high-speed knife. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a manufacturing process of a shank structure of a high-speed tool includes a rough machining step, a first finishing step of a shank body, a finishing step of a mating hole, and a second finishing step of the shank body. The rough machining step is to roughly machine the outline of the tool shank body 1 and the outline of the collet chuck 2 on a lathe on the blank after heat treatment, after rough machining is completed, the machining allowance of the outer surfaces of the primary matching section 11, the end face positioning section 12 and the secondary matching section 13 of the tool shank body 1 is controlled to be 3-4 mm, the machining allowance of the inner surface of the matching hole 131 in the secondary matching section 13 is controlled to be 2-3 mm, and the machining allowance of the outer surface of the collet chuck 2 is controlled to be 2-3 mm.
The first finish machining step of handle of a knife body does, carry out the finish machining for the first time to one-level cooperation section 11 of handle of a knife body 1, terminal surface location section 12 and second grade cooperation section 13, after this time finish machining, the machining allowance control of the surface of one-level cooperation section 11, terminal surface location section 12 and second grade cooperation section 13 is between 2-3 millimeters, use the axis of one-level cooperation section 11 as the benchmark axis, terminal surface location section 12 is 20 microns based on the axiality of this benchmark axis, second grade cooperation section 13 is 10 microns based on the axiality of this benchmark axis, the straightness that hangs down based on this benchmark axis is 20 microns on the surface that terminal surface location section 12 is close to one-level cooperation section 11.
Referring to fig. 2, the step of finishing the fitting hole is to clamp the primary fitting section 11 and the end surface positioning section 12 of the tool holder body 1 by using the first floating jig 3, finish the inner wall of the fitting hole 131 by using an internal grinding head, and set the axis of the primary fitting section 11 as a reference axis, so that the coaxiality of the machined fitting hole 131 based on the reference axis is 1 micrometer. In this step, first floating fixture 3 that needs to use includes first air supporting head 31, first holding tank 311 has been seted up towards the one side of one-level cooperation section 11 to first air supporting head 31, first holding tank 311 internal wall face shape cooperatees with one-level cooperation section 11 surface, be provided with first air cavity 312 in the first air supporting head 31, first air inlet 313 has been seted up on first air supporting head 31 surface, first air inlet 313 is connected with air supply equipment 8 through rotary joint 33, first holding tank 311 internal wall face evenly distributed has a plurality of first gas outlets 314, first air inlet 313 and first gas outlet 314 all communicate with first air cavity 312, first floating fixture 3 still includes the first claw 32 that sets up in first air supporting head 31 side, the terminal of first claw 32 and terminal surface location section 12 keep away from the surface butt of one-level cooperation section 11.
Referring to fig. 3, the second finishing step of the tool holder body is to position two ends of the tool holder body 1 simultaneously by using a first constant pressure tip 4 and a second floating tip 5, wherein the first constant pressure tip 4 abuts against the end surface of the primary matching section 11 far away from the end surface positioning section 12 and drives the tool holder body 1 to rotate through the end surface, the second floating tip 5 abuts against the matching hole 131, after the first constant pressure tip 4 and the second floating tip 5 abut against and position the tool holder body 1 simultaneously, the surface of the primary matching section 11 is ground by using a first grinding wheel 6, the surface of the secondary matching section 13 is ground by using a second grinding wheel 7, the surface of the end surface positioning section 12 is ground by using a third grinding wheel (not shown in the figure), after the finishing, the axis of the primary matching section 11 is used as a reference axis, and the coaxiality of the secondary matching section 13 based on the reference axis is 1 micron, the perpendicularity of the surface of the end face positioning section 12 close to the primary fitting section 11 based on the reference axis is 5 micrometers. In this step, the end of the first constant pressure tip 4 close to the first-level matching section 11 is abutted against the central position of the end face of the first-level matching section 11, the side face of the end of the first constant pressure tip 4 far away from the first-level matching section 11 is provided with a second pulling claw 41, the end of the second pulling claw is abutted against the end face of the first-level matching section 11, and the first constant pressure tip 4 rotates to drive the tool holder body 1 to rotate together. The second floats top 5 and is the outer toper with mating holes 131 inner wall matched with, is provided with second ventilation chamber 51 in the second floats top 5, and a plurality of second gas outlets 52 have been seted up on the surface that second floats top 5 is located mating holes 131, and second air inlet 53 has been seted up to the terminal surface that second float top 5 kept away from second grade cooperation section 13, and second air inlet 53 is connected with air supply unit 8, and second air inlet 53 and second gas outlet 52 all communicate with second ventilation chamber 51.
The implementation principle of the manufacturing process of the knife handle structure of the high-speed knife in the embodiment of the application is as follows: because when the cutter handle body 1 is machined, the first-stage matching section 11, the second-stage matching section 13 and the matching hole 131 are required to have higher surface precision and position precision, when the cutter handle body 1 is machined, the cutter handle body 1 is inevitably required to be positioned and clamped to drive the cutter handle body 1 to rotate, the surface quality of the machined part is easily damaged in the clamping process, and the precision of the machined part of the cutter handle body 1 is easily reduced due to multiple clamping and positioning caused by multiple times of machining. For this reason, in the manufacturing process of this application, at first carry out rough machining to handle of a knife body 1 to keep great machining allowance, so that carry out the finish machining to handle of a knife body 1 in the later stage in order to reduce the error as far as possible. The purpose of the first finish machining step of the tool shank body is to enable the first-stage matching section 11 and the second-stage matching section 13 to have higher coaxiality, so that higher machining precision is achieved. When carrying out the mating holes finish machining step, fix a position through one-level cooperation section 11 and press from both sides tightly, first anchor clamps 3 that float are less to the damage on one-level cooperation section 11 surface, and make course of working have higher dynamic balance nature, can carry out dynamic adjustment to the error that produces in the course of working, effectively improve the machining precision. After the matching hole 131 is processed, the matching hole 131 which is processed is used as a reference, the two ends of the knife handle body 1 are positioned and clamped through the first constant-pressure center 4 and the second floating center 5, the knife handle body 1 is driven to rotate by the first constant-pressure center 4, and when the knife handle body rotates, the first grinding wheel 6, the second grinding wheel 7 and the third grinding wheel are used for grinding the surfaces of the parts of the knife handle body 1 respectively, so that the surface quality of the knife handle body 1 is improved, and the required size precision is achieved. In the second finish machining step of the cutter handle body, the two centers are used for fixing the cutter handle body 1, so that the clamping position of the cutter handle body 1 does not need to be repeatedly replaced in the machining process, the positioning precision of the cutter handle body 1 in the machining step cannot be changed, and the part precision of the machined cutter handle body 1 is effectively improved.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a handle of a knife structure of high-speed cutter, includes handle of a knife body (1) and collet chuck (2), handle of a knife body (1) is including one-level cooperation section (11) and second grade cooperation section (13) that link to each other, one-level cooperation section (11) are the toper and its cone angle and keep away from second grade cooperation section (13) direction setting, matching hole (131) have been seted up on the surface that one-level cooperation section (11) were kept away from in second grade cooperation section (13), collet chuck (2) set up in matching hole (131), its characterized in that: the matching hole (131) is an inner taper hole, the smaller bottom surface of the matching hole (131) is arranged close to the first-stage matching section (11), the collet chuck (2) is conical, the outer surface of the collet chuck is attached to the side surface of the inner wall of the matching hole (131), and a wedge is clamped between the matching hole (131) and the collet chuck (2).
2. The shank structure of a high-speed tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tool handle body (1) and the collet chuck (2) are both made of 304 stainless steel, the surfaces of the tool handle body (1) and the collet chuck (2) which are in contact are subjected to mirror surface treatment, the friction coefficient of the surfaces of the tool handle body (1) and the collet chuck (2) which are in contact ranges from 0.1 to 0.15, and the wedge lift angle of the collet chuck (2) ranges from 1 to 10 degrees.
3. The shank structure of a high-speed tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: the wedge lift angle of the collet (2) is 1-3 degrees.
4. The shank structure of a high-speed tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: an end face positioning section (12) is arranged between the first-stage matching section (11) and the second-stage matching section (13), and the axial projection range of the first-stage matching section (11) and the axial projection range of the second-stage matching section (13) are both in the axial projection range of the end face positioning section (12).
5. The manufacturing process of the tool shank structure of the high-speed tool according to claim 4, wherein: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
rough machining, namely roughly machining the outline of the tool shank body (1) and the outline of the collet chuck (2) on a lathe by using the blank subjected to heat treatment, wherein after rough machining is finished, the machining allowance of the outer surfaces of a primary matching section (11), an end face positioning section (12) and a secondary matching section (13) of the tool shank body (1) is controlled to be 3-4 mm, the machining allowance of the inner surface of a matching hole (131) in the secondary matching section (13) is controlled to be 2-3 mm, and the machining allowance of the outer surface of the collet chuck (2) is controlled to be 2-3 mm;
a first finish machining step of the cutter handle body, wherein first finish machining is carried out on a first-stage matching section (11), an end face positioning section (12) and a second-stage matching section (13) of the cutter handle body (1), after the first-stage matching section, machining allowance of the outer surfaces of the first-stage matching section (11), the end face positioning section (12) and the second-stage matching section (13) is controlled to be 2-3 mm, the axis of the first-stage matching section (11) is taken as a reference axis, the coaxiality of the end face positioning section (12) based on the reference axis is 20 microns, the coaxiality of the second-stage matching section (13) based on the reference axis is 10 microns, and the perpendicularity of the surface, close to the first-stage matching section (11), of the end face positioning section (12);
a matching hole finish machining step, wherein a first floating clamp (3) is required to be used, the first floating clamp (3) clamps a primary matching section (11) and an end face positioning section (12) of the cutter handle body (1), an inner circle grinding head is used for finish machining the inner wall of a matching hole (131), the axis of the primary matching section (11) is used as a reference axis, and the coaxiality of the machined matching hole (131) based on the reference axis is 1 micrometer;
a second finish machining step of the cutter handle body, wherein two ends of the cutter handle body (1) are simultaneously positioned by using a first constant pressure tip (4) and a second floating tip (5), wherein the first constant pressure tip (4) tightly abuts against the end face of the primary matching section (11) far away from the end face positioning section (12) and drives the cutter handle body (1) to rotate through the end face, the second floating tip (5) tightly abuts against the matching hole (131), after the first constant pressure tip (4) and the second floating tip (5) tightly abut against and position the cutter handle body (1), the surface of the primary matching section (11) is ground by using a first grinding wheel (6), the surface of the secondary matching section (13) is ground by using a second grinding wheel (7), the surface of the end face positioning section (12) is ground by using a third grinding wheel, and after the machining is finished, the axis of the primary matching section (11) is used as a reference axis, the coaxiality of the secondary matching section (13) based on the reference axis is 1 micrometer, and the perpendicularity of the surface, close to the primary matching section (11), of the end face positioning section (12) based on the reference axis is 5 micrometers.
6. The tool shank structure of the high-speed tool and the manufacturing process thereof according to claim 5, wherein: in the finish machining step of the matching hole, the first floating clamp (3) comprises a first air floating head (31), one surface, facing the primary matching section (11), of the first air floating head (31) is provided with a first accommodating groove (311), the shape of the inner wall surface of the first accommodating groove (311) is matched with the outer surface of the primary matching section (11), a first ventilation cavity (312) is arranged in the first air floating head (31), the surface of the first air floating head (31) is provided with a first air inlet (313), the first air inlet (313) is connected with an air supply device (8) through a rotary joint (33), a plurality of first air outlets (314) are uniformly distributed on the inner wall surface of the first accommodating groove (311), the first air inlet (313) and the first air outlets (314) are communicated with the first ventilation cavity (312), and the first floating clamp (3) further comprises first pulling claws (32) arranged on the side surface of the first air floating head (31), the tail end of the first pulling claw (32) is abutted to the surface, far away from the first-stage matching section (11), of the end face positioning section (12).
7. The tool shank structure of the high-speed tool and the manufacturing process thereof according to claim 6, wherein: in the fine machining step of handle of a knife body second, the central point that first constant voltage top (4) is close to one-level cooperation section (11) puts the butt with the central point of one-level cooperation section (11) terminal surface, the one end side that one-level cooperation section (11) was kept away from in first constant voltage top (4) is provided with second and pulls out claw (41), the second is pulled out the terminal of grabbing and the terminal surface butt of one-level cooperation section (11), and first constant voltage top (4) drive handle of a knife body (1) when rotating and rotate together.
8. The tool shank structure of the high-speed tool and the manufacturing process thereof according to claim 7, wherein: in the fine machining step of handle of a knife body second, floating tip (5) of second is the outer toper with mating holes (131) inner wall matched with, floating tip (5) of second is provided with second ventilation chamber (51), floating tip (5) of second is located the surface of mating holes (131) and has seted up a plurality of second gas outlets (52), floating tip (5) of second keeps away from the terminal surface of second grade cooperation section (13) and has seted up second air inlet (53), second air inlet (53) are connected with air feeder (8), second air inlet (53) and second gas outlet (52) all communicate with second ventilation chamber (51).
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|---|---|
| CN112059652B (en) | 2022-05-20 |
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