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CN112054672B - A DC-DC high voltage gain converter integrating switched capacitor and Y source network - Google Patents

A DC-DC high voltage gain converter integrating switched capacitor and Y source network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112054672B
CN112054672B CN202010908280.1A CN202010908280A CN112054672B CN 112054672 B CN112054672 B CN 112054672B CN 202010908280 A CN202010908280 A CN 202010908280A CN 112054672 B CN112054672 B CN 112054672B
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winding
energy storage
diode
voltage
capacitor
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CN112054672A (en
Inventor
丁新平
郝杨阳
李恺
李海滨
房成群
韦正怡
曹益畅
王凤莲
周明珠
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/06Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of DC-DC conversion equipment, and relates to a DC-DC high-voltage gain converter integrating a switch capacitor and a Y source network, wherein the energy exchange of an input DC power supply and an output is realized by controlling the on-duty ratio D of a switch to finish high-voltage gain, and a switch capacitor unit is formed by deforming a traditional switch capacitor structure and is integrated with the Y source network; the Y source unit is composed of three-winding coupling inductors, and the boost conversion of the output voltage to the direct-current power supply voltage is realized by changing the turn ratio of the coupling windings; the integrated result is reasonable in design, safe in use, simple in operation, high in application potential, few in used devices, low in design cost, low in device loss, high in working efficiency of the circuit and capable of achieving the ideal effect of design requirements.

Description

DC-DC high-voltage gain converter integrating switch capacitor and Y source network
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the technical field of DC-DC conversion equipment, and relates to a DC-DC high-voltage gain converter integrating a switch capacitor and a Y source network.
The background technology is as follows:
At present, the energy crisis and the environmental pollution problem are continuously aggravated, and the rapid development of clean energy and green energy is promoted. The clean energy conversion technologies such as a photovoltaic system, a fuel cell and tidal power generation have great development prospects, and in practical application, the electric energy conversion circuit structures need to have higher efficiency and boost gain, but the boost capacity of a single module in the energy conversion process is too low to obtain higher output voltage. For example, solar power generation is a clean energy source widely used at present, but the output of a solar panel is very low, and a plurality of photovoltaic panels must be output in a combined mode of series-parallel connection to reach the voltage value actually required by the electric power market, but in such a way, the failure rate of the whole power supply system is increased, the whole machine is oversized and the efficiency is low. Therefore, research on how to obtain stable high output voltage by using a separate module becomes a urgent problem to be solved. The Z Source Inverter proposed by the literature 'F.Z.Peng,' Z-Source Inverter, 'IEEE Trans.Ind.applicat, vol.39, no.2, pp.504-510, mar/Apr.2003', realizes boosting and grid-connection functions simultaneously, has the advantages of simple circuit structure and high safety, and the application of the Z Source Inverter in a DC/DC converter is also proved, but the self topology structure of the Z Source network reflects that the boosting capacity is limited, and the premise of obtaining high boosting is higher direct duty ratio. With the deep research, some topology which introduces a switching inductance, a coupling inductance and other unit modules to realize high-voltage gain appears, but the problems of higher circuit voltage stress, low boosting efficiency and the like can appear due to leakage inductance. In addition, the multistage circuit can be cascaded, and higher voltage gain is obtained under the condition of smaller through duty ratio, but the number of components in the circuit is increased, the complexity and design cost of the circuit are increased, and the efficiency of the converter is reduced. On the basis, literature "Y.P.Siwakoti,P.C.Loh,F.Blaabjerg,S.J.Andreasen and G.E.Town,"Y-Source Boost DC/DC Converter for Distributed Generation,"in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol.62,no.2,pp.1059-1069,Feb.2015." proposes a Y source network, the gain of which can be flexibly changed by using a three-winding coupling inductor, the number of used devices is small, and the Y source network has higher working efficiency. Therefore, finding a DC-DC conversion circuit that can obtain higher voltage gain at a lower through duty ratio and has a simple structure and high working efficiency has become a research hotspot in this field.
The invention comprises the following steps:
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and designs and provides a high-gain DC-DC converter integrating a switch capacitor and a Y source network, which can obtain higher voltage gain under the condition of smaller duty ratio, has larger degree of freedom in voltage gain adjustment, uses fewer devices in a circuit structure, has high working efficiency and low failure rate, and can absorb leakage inductance energy of a transformer by a clamping structure to clamp voltage spikes generated on a switch tube S.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the high-gain DC-DC converter main body structure integrating the switch capacitor and the Y source network comprises a direct current power supply, an input energy storage inductor, a first energy storage capacitor, a first diode, a power switch tube, a second energy storage capacitor, a second diode, a first winding, a second winding, a third winding, an output capacitor and a load, wherein one end of the input energy storage inductor is connected with the direct current power supply, the other end of the input energy storage inductor is respectively connected with the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor, the anode of the first diode and the power switch tube, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first energy storage capacitor, the cathode of the first energy storage capacitor and the power switch tube form a clamping circuit together, the voltage peak generated on the power switch tube is clamped, the first winding, the second winding and the third winding which are mutually coupled are connected through the Y source unit, the turns ratio of the second winding and the first winding is n 1, the turns ratio of the third winding and the first winding is n 2, the turns ratio of the second winding and the first winding and the anode of the second winding are respectively connected with the anode of the second diode and the anode of the first diode, the anode of the first diode and the second diode are respectively connected with the anode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode, the first diode and the anode of the first diode and the second diode are respectively, the anode of the first diode and the second diode are connected with the anode of the first diode and the second diode respectively, and the second diode respectively.
The high-gain DC-DC converter realizes energy exchange of an input DC power supply and output through controlling a switch on duty ratio D, completes high-voltage gain, is formed by deforming a traditional switch capacitor structure and is integrated with a Y source network, the Y source unit is formed by three-winding coupling inductors, and realizes boost conversion of output voltage to the DC power supply voltage through changing the turn ratio of the coupling windings.
The power switch tube S is turned on or off by adopting a unipolar SPWM control mode, so that the working efficiency of a switch module is improved, and the switching loss is reduced.
Compared with the existing DC-DC boost converter circuit topological structure, the integrated switch capacitor and Y source network achieve the aim of obtaining high boost gain under the condition of small duty ratio by adjusting the turn ratio of the coupling inductance winding, reduce the voltage stress of the circuit, reduce electromagnetic interference and increase the reliability of the circuit structure by utilizing the connecting mode of the designed coupling inductance winding, and have the advantages of reasonable integral result design, safe use, simple operation, larger application potential, fewer used devices, low design cost, reduced device loss, improved working efficiency of the circuit and ideal effect of design requirements.
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an operating state (state 1) of the power switch S in CCM mode when the first diode D 1 and the second diode D 2 are turned off reversely.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an operating state (state 2) of the present invention when the power switch S is turned on, the first diode D 1 is turned on, and the second diode D 2 is turned off in the reverse direction in CCM mode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an operating state (state 3) of the power switch S in CCM mode when the first diode D 1 and the second diode D 2 are turned on.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state (state 4) of the present invention when the power switch S is turned off, the first diode D 1 is turned off, and the second diode D 2 is turned on in CCM mode.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1:
The circuit diagram of the main structure of the high-gain DC-DC converter integrating the switch capacitor and the Y source network in the embodiment is shown in figure 1, and comprises a DC power supply V g, an input energy storage inductor L 1, a first energy storage capacitor C 1, a first diode D 1, A power switch tube S, a second energy storage capacitor C 2, a second diode D 2, a first winding N 1, a second winding N 2, The third winding N 3, the output capacitor C 0 and the load R 1, one end of the input energy storage inductor L 1 is connected with the direct current power supply V g, and the other end is respectively connected with the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor C 2, The anode of the first diode D 1 is connected with the power switch tube S, the cathode of the first diode D 1 is connected with the anode of the first energy storage capacitor C 1, the cathode of the first energy storage capacitor C 1 is grounded with the power switch tube S, the first diode D 1, The first energy storage capacitor C 1 and the power switch tube S together form a clamping circuit for clamping voltage peak generated on the power switch tube S, three mutually coupled windings, namely a first winding N 1, a second winding N 2, The third winding N 3 is connected in Y-type to form a Y source unit, the turn ratio between the windings is N 1=N2:N1,n2=N3:N1, the homonymous end of the first winding N 1 is respectively connected with the cathode of the first diode D 1 and the anode of the first energy storage capacitor C 1, the homonymous end of the second winding N 2 is respectively connected with the homonymous end of the third winding N 3, the homonymous end of the third winding N 3 is connected with the anode of the second energy storage capacitor C 2, the heteronymous end of the second winding N 2 is connected with the anode of the second diode D 2, and the cathode of the second diode D 2 is respectively connected with the anode of the output capacitor C 0 and the load R 1.
The high-gain DC-DC converter realizes energy exchange of an input DC power supply and output through controlling a switch on duty ratio D to finish high-voltage gain, a switch capacitor unit is formed by deforming a traditional switch capacitor structure and is integrated with a Y source network, the Y source unit is formed by three-winding coupling inductors, and the boost conversion of output voltage to the DC power supply voltage is realized by changing the turn ratio of the coupling windings.
The first diode D 1 and the second diode D 2 in this embodiment are fast recovery diodes, which have the characteristics of good switching characteristics and short reverse recovery time, and the internal structure of the fast recovery diode is different from that of a common PN junction diode, and belongs to a PIN junction diode, that is, a base region I is added between a P-type silicon material and an N-type silicon material to form a PIN silicon wafer.
The power switch tube S in the embodiment adopts an SPWM control method, and the SPWM control method comprises a bipolar SPWM control method and a unipolar control method. Compared with a unipolar mode, the bipolar SPWM mode control circuit and the main circuit are simpler, but the higher harmonic component in the output voltage of the unipolar SPWM mode is much smaller than that of the bipolar SPWM mode, so that the switching module is turned on or off by adopting the unipolar SPWM control method, the working efficiency of the switching module can be improved, and the switching loss is reduced.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, the first winding N 1 is connected in parallel to the exciting inductance L m and the series leakage inductance L k, and in the case of the continuous operation mode, the high-gain DC-DC converter has four operating states in total:
In state 1 (fig. 2), the power switch tube S is turned on, the first diode D 1 and the second diode D 2 are turned off reversely, the current loop is shown in fig. 2, the energy on the direct current power supply V g is transferred to the input energy storage inductance L 1 through the power switch tube S, therefore, the current i L1 increases linearly, the V C1 discharges through the power switch tube S, the energy is transmitted to the excitation inductance L m, the leakage inductance L k and the third winding N 3, and meanwhile, the second energy storage capacitance C 2 is charged, and the voltage on the load R 1 remains unchanged basically because the output capacitance C o is large enough.
State 2 (fig. 3) is that the turn-off trigger pulse of the power switch tube S has come, but the power switch tube S will not be turned off immediately due to the influence of the junction capacitance at the two ends of the power switch tube S, the current at the two ends of the power switch tube S decreases rapidly, the voltage increases rapidly, when the anode voltage of the first diode D 1 is higher than the cathode voltage, the first diode D 1 is turned on and continues to be turned on, at this time, the current I L1 and the exciting inductance current I m on the input energy storage inductance L 1 remain unchanged basically, the energy on the leakage inductance L k is transferred to the second energy storage capacitance C 2, and when the current of the power switch tube S decreases to 0, the state ends.
In state 3 (fig. 4), the power switch tube S is turned off, the first diode D 1 and the second diode D 2 are turned on in the forward direction, the input energy storage inductance L 1 discharges energy to the first energy storage capacitor C 1 through the first diode D 1, so that the current i L1 in the input energy storage inductance L 1 drops linearly, and the energy stored in the excitation inductance L m, the leakage inductance L k, the second winding N 2, the third winding N 3 and the second energy storage capacitor C 2 is discharged to the output capacitor C o and the load R l together, and at the same time, since the leakage inductance energy is absorbed, the voltage stress of the switch tube is clamped at V C1 at this time, and when i D1 =0, the state ends.
In state 4 (fig. 5), the power switch tube S is continuously turned off, the first diode D 1 is turned off reversely, the second diode D 2 is continuously turned on in the forward direction, at this time, the direct current power supply V g, the input energy storage inductor L 1, the second energy storage capacitor C 2 and the third winding N 3 are connected in series to output energy, on one hand, the leakage inductance L k stores energy and the exciting inductor L m stores energy to continuously release energy to charge the first energy storage capacitor C 1, and on the other hand, the second winding N 2 is combined to charge the output capacitor C o and provide energy to the load R l via the second diode D 2.
The schematic diagrams of the working states of the embodiment are shown in fig. 2 to 5, and in one working period, four working states are all provided, so that in order to simplify analysis, leakage inductance on the coupling inductance is ignored in steady-state analysis, the transformer is an ideal transformer, and the turns ratio between windings is n 1=N2:N1,n2=N3:N1. Meanwhile, the loss of the power device is not considered, only the 1,3 modes in the CCM running state are considered, because the time interval of the 2,4 modes in one period is very short, in the first mode, the power switch tube S is conducted, the input energy storage inductor L 1 stores energy through a direct current power supply V g, the excitation inductor L m and the third winding N 3 store energy through a V C1-VC2, and the following equation can be obtained from the graph of FIG. 2:
in mode 3, the power main switch S is turned off, the input energy storage inductance L 1, the excitation inductance L m, and the windings are discharged in series, and the voltages through the inductance and the excitation inductance can be expressed as:
The high-gain DC-DC converter integrating the switch capacitor and the Y source network is obtained by using a voltage volt-second balance principle on the inductor and the exciting inductor, and the gain of the high-gain DC-DC converter under CCM:
example 3:
In this embodiment, when the design requirement output voltage is converted to be more than 10 times of the input voltage, if the design requirement output voltage is calculated according to the expression V o=Vg/(1-D) of the Boost gain of the traditional Boost circuit, when the design requirement 10 times of the Boost gain is reached, the required duty ratio D must reach 0.9, and it is known that the switching tube of the circuit will be in a limit state at this time, so that the working efficiency of the whole circuit can be easily affected, the probability of device damage is increased, and the Boost conversion efficiency of the whole circuit is finally affected. In the present embodiment, according to the analysis of the circuit voltage relationship, the output and input voltage relationship between the integrated switched capacitor and the high-gain DC-DC converter topology of the Y source network in the present invention is:
If the design requires a circuit structure to obtain 10 times of boost gain, when the through duty ratio is 0.4, the number of turns of the coupling winding can reach the output requirement only by meeting n 1=2,n2 =0.76, so when the design requires a very high boost multiple, the occurrence of the limit duty ratio condition is avoided, the switching loss of devices is reduced, the probability of device damage is reduced, the safety and the reliability of the converter topology are further improved, and the working efficiency of the circuit is improved as a whole.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The DC-DC high-voltage gain converter integrating the switch capacitor and the Y source network is characterized in that the main structure comprises a direct-current power supply, an input energy storage inductor, a first energy storage capacitor, a first diode, a power switch tube, a second energy storage capacitor, a second diode, a first winding, a second winding, a third winding, an output capacitor and a load; one end of the input energy storage inductor is connected with a direct current power supply, and the other end of the input energy storage inductor is respectively connected with the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor, the anode of the first diode and the power switch tube; the cathode of the first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first energy storage capacitor, the negative electrode of the first energy storage capacitor is grounded with the power switch tube, the first diode, the first energy storage capacitor and the power switch tube form a clamping circuit together and are used for clamping voltage spikes generated on the power switch tube, three mutually coupled windings are connected with the first winding, the second winding and the third winding through Y-shaped connection to form a Y source unit, the turn ratio of the second winding to the first winding is n 1, the turn ratio of the third winding to the first winding is n 2, the homonymous end of the first winding is respectively connected with the cathode of the first diode and the positive electrode of the first energy storage capacitor, the homonymous end of the first winding is respectively connected with the homonymous end of the second winding and the heteronymous end of the third winding, the homonymous end of the second winding is connected with the positive electrode of the second energy storage capacitor, the cathode of the second diode is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the output capacitor and a load, the DC-DC high-voltage gain converter realizes input direct-current power supply and output power supply through controlling the switch to realize the turn-on ratio D, the high-voltage gain conversion of the switch unit is integrated with the traditional switch capacitor, the high-gain conversion structure is realized, the Y source unit is composed of three windings of coupling inductors, the boosting conversion of the output voltage to the direct-current power supply voltage is realized by changing the turn ratio of the coupling windings, and the on or off of the power switch tube S adopts a unipolar SPWM control mode.
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CN109756140A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-05-14 哈尔滨工业大学 A Y-source inverter with improved boost ratio
CN109818494B (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-11-17 山东科技大学 High-gain voltage type quasi-Y source direct current-direct current converter

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