CN112046721A - Automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing, comprising a thrust shaft and a thrust plate, one side of the thrust plate is slidably supported on the inner side of the left end plate, and the other side of the thrust plate is slidably supported with a thrust block inside the bearing shell. A displacement compensation piston is slidably arranged, and a compensation damping spring is supported between the thrust block and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston; the thrust block is provided with a thrust block displacement sensor, and the displacement compensation piston is provided with a piston displacement sensor; hydraulic pressure The oil outlet of the pump is connected to the pressure oil port P port of the hydraulic reversing valve, the A port of the hydraulic reversing valve leads to the hydraulic oil chamber between the displacement compensation piston and the right end plate, and the oil return port T port of the hydraulic reversing valve Connected to the oil tank; the piston displacement sensor and the thrust block displacement sensor are electrically connected with the automatic controller, and the automatic controller is electrically connected with the hydraulic reversing valve. The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing can not only automatically compensate the axial displacement of the thrust shaft, but also effectively reduce the structural vibration of the bearing.

Description

Automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing

technical field

The invention relates to a thrust bearing of a ship main shaft propulsion system, in particular to a thrust bearing device capable of automatically compensating the axial displacement of the thrust shaft.

Background technique

Thrust bearing is the key equipment of the ship's shafting. Its main function is to transmit the driving power of the power unit to the thruster, and transmit the thrust or pulling force generated by the thruster to the hull, so as to make the ship move forward or backward.

When the ship moves forward, the propeller rotates in one direction to generate propulsive force and acts on the thrust shaft, which will increase the static displacement of the thrust shaft along the balance position in the axial direction, especially when the ship's draught or the ship's submerged depth increases, and the position of the propeller is increased. The increase of the external water pressure at the position will generate a larger hydrostatic thrust to the thrust shaft in the cabin, which will push the thrust shaft inward and displace, which will easily cause the phenomenon of "shaft channeling"; Make the thrust shaft push in or pull out. The axial displacement caused by the increase or change of the axial force of the propulsion system will have a great impact on the safe and reliable operation of the ship's propulsion system; the first is the stern shaft sealing system, and the change of the axial balance position will lead to the deterioration of the sealing performance. , especially the axial displacement will cause the end face sealing surface to be over-compressed, the sealing surface wear will increase, the service life will be shortened, or the end face sealing gap will become larger, the sealing performance will decrease, and the leakage will increase; the change of the axial balance position will also make the propeller And the position of the propeller relative to the cabin changes, the operation safety of the propeller decreases, and the propulsion efficiency becomes lower; it is particularly important to eliminate or effectively compensate the axial displacement of the thrust shaft to improve the propulsion performance of the ship.

Axial displacement will also cause changes in the performance of the propulsion system support structure and the shock absorption and noise reduction structure. Due to the non-uniform flow field at the stern, the propeller will generate pulsating axial thrust during operation. The pulsating thrust passes through the propulsion shaft system, thrust bearing, The bearing support structure and the bearing base are transmitted to the hull. During the process, the thrust bearing system acts as a vibration transmission carrier. Especially in the thrust bearing with rigid support structure, the structural vibration caused by the axial force is inevitably transmitted. The noise is transmitted to the hull of the ship, causing the excitation of the hull structure and reducing the comfort of the ship and the concealment of warships.

At present, most of the thrust bearings on ships or boats use hydraulic dynamic pressure thrust bearings or rolling element thrust bearings. Neither hydrodynamic thrust bearings nor rolling thrust bearings can compensate or adjust the axial displacement of the thrust shaft. Thrust bearings have to withstand huge axial thrust, and the axial displacement or axial movement of the thrust shaft is often unavoidable, which directly affects the safe and reliable operation of the ship's propulsion system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing that can automatically compensate the axial displacement of the thrust shaft and can effectively reduce the structural vibration.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing of the present invention includes a thrust shaft and a thrust plate fixedly arranged on the thrust shaft, the thrust shaft is rotatably supported on the left end plate and the right end plate, and the left end plate and the right end plate are respectively It is fixedly installed at both ends of the bearing shell, and radial sliding bearings are also supported on the thrust shaft; one side of the thrust plate is slidably supported on the inner side of the left end plate, and the other side of the thrust plate is slidably supported with a thrust block. The thrust block is hollowly sleeved on the thrust shaft; a displacement compensating piston is slidably arranged in the bearing housing, the hydraulic oil chamber is located between the outer end of the displacement compensating piston and the inner side of the right end plate, and is supported between the thrust block and the inner end of the displacement compensating piston Compensation shock spring; a thrust block displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust block, and a piston displacement sensor is arranged on the displacement compensation piston; the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pressure oil port P port of the hydraulic reversing valve, and the hydraulic changer The A port of the direction valve leads to the hydraulic oil chamber between the displacement compensation piston and the right end plate, and the T port of the hydraulic reversing valve is connected to the oil tank; the two sides of the thrust plate are respectively connected with the pressure oil between the left end plate and the thrust block. The gap is communicated with the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump; the piston displacement sensor and the thrust block displacement sensor are electrically connected with the automatic controller, and the automatic controller is electrically connected with the hydraulic reversing valve.

In the above technical solution, since the displacement compensating piston is slidably arranged in the bearing housing, and the compensating damping spring is supported between the displacement compensating piston and the thrust block, when the thrust shaft is displaced under the action of an external axial force, the thrust shaft is displaced and displaced. At the equilibrium position, the displacement compensating piston exerts a reverse thrust on the thrust shaft through the thrust block and the thrust disc under the drive of the hydraulic system, which offsets the offset force of the external force on the thrust shaft, so that the thrust shaft maintains the original equilibrium position and biases the displacement. can be compensated; when the hydraulic reversing valve is in the position shown in the figure, the hydraulic oil chamber at the top of the displacement compensation piston is in a closed state, and the thrust shaft is in a balanced position; when the thrust shaft receives an internal push and an external force, the hydraulic pump pressure oil passes through the hydraulic reversing valve. Entering into the hydraulic oil chamber at the piston end, the displacement compensation piston exerts a reverse external thrust on the thrust shaft; the effect of force balance and displacement compensation is achieved; when the thrust shaft is subjected to external pulling force, the pressure oil in the hydraulic oil chamber at the piston end passes through the shaft again. The hydraulic reversing valve relieves pressure, returning the thrust shaft to the equilibrium position. In addition, because the thrust block displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust block, and the piston displacement sensor is arranged on the displacement compensation piston, the use of dual sensor monitoring can effectively correct and verify the axial displacement of the thrust shaft and the compensation displacement of the piston. The displacement accuracy and compensation accuracy of the axial displacement of the thrust shaft are greatly improved; and the displacement signal of the displacement sensor is calculated and analyzed by the automatic controller and the hydraulic reversing valve is controlled to adjust the piston position in time to ensure that the thrust shaft is not offset. Displacement sensor, automatic controller and hydraulic reversing valve constitute a closed-loop control system of thrust shaft displacement. In addition, a compensation damping spring is supported between the thrust block and the displacement compensation piston, which can effectively absorb the vibration caused by the change of the axial force of the thrust shaft, and at the same time, the additional viscous damping effect generated by the hydraulic oil can effectively suppress the axial force pulsation. The transmission of the generated structural vibration noise to the hull of the ship. The pressure oil gap between the two sides of the thrust plate and the left end plate and the thrust block respectively leads to the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump, forming a hydrostatic sliding bearing with a stable pressure oil film, strong bearing capacity, high reliability and long service life.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the displacement compensation piston is sealingly slidably supported on the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing, and the inner hole surface of the displacement compensation piston is sealingly slidably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate. The inner surface and convex cylindrical surface, the outer end surface of the displacement compensation piston and the inner cavity surface of the bearing shell enclose a hydraulic oil cavity. This structure can generate a force along the axial direction of the thrust shaft.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a thrust block support is fixedly connected to the side of the thrust block, and the thrust block support is axially movably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate; on the thrust block support and the displacement compensation piston A plurality of compensating damping springs are supported along the circumferential direction between the inner ends. Easy to manufacture and install.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radial sliding bearing is installed between the right end plate and the thrust shaft. Has a stable meridional support.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, an annular oil groove is provided on the inner surface of the left end plate, the annular oil groove and the corresponding side surface of the thrust plate form a pressure oil gap, and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump passes through the corresponding one-way valve, pressure regulating valve in turn. The valve and left hydrostatic oil nipple lead to this pressure oil gap. The thrust block is provided with an annular oil groove, the annular oil groove and the corresponding side surface of the thrust plate form a pressure oil gap, and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump leads to the oil outlet through the corresponding one-way valve, pressure regulating valve and right static pressure oil nozzle in turn. pressure oil gap. A stable pressure oil film can be formed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piston displacement sensor is mounted on the bearing housing, and the piston displacement sensor corresponds to the position of the displacement compensation piston; the thrust block displacement sensor is mounted on the right end plate, and the thrust block displacement sensor is connected to the thrust block. corresponding position. It can effectively improve the accuracy of monitoring data.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic reversing valve is a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve. It can realize the pressurization, pressure maintenance and pressure relief of the hydraulic oil chamber at the piston end.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected with a relief valve and an accumulator in parallel. Effectively ensure the hydraulic stability of the hydraulic circuit.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an oil return nozzle is installed on the bearing housing and/or the left end plate, and the oil return nozzle leads to the oil tank. Ensure the return of hydraulic oil to the hydrostatic bearing on both sides of the thrust plate.

Description of drawings

The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of an automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the thrust bearing structure in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .

In the figure, 1—coupling, 2—thrust shaft, 3—radial sliding bearing, 4—right end plate, 5—displacement compensation piston, 6—compensation damping spring, 7—bearing housing, 8—oil return nozzle, 9 —Right static pressure oil nozzle, 10—Left end plate, 11—Left static pressure oil nozzle, 12—Thrust plate, 13—Piston displacement sensor, 14—Thrust block, 15—Thrust block support, 16—Piston pressure oil nozzle, 17—Thrust Block displacement sensor, 18—pressure regulating valve, 19—check valve, 20—automatic controller, 21—accumulator, 22—hydraulic reversing valve, 23—pressure gauge, 24—relief valve, 25—hydraulic pump , 26 - fuel tank.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing is provided with a convex disc-shaped thrust disc 12 on the thrust shaft 2, and the thrust shaft 2 and the thrust disc 12 are connected as a whole; Coupling 1, the coupling 1 is a rigid coupling. A left end plate 10 and a right end plate 4 are rotatably supported on the thrust shaft 2 on the left and right sides of the thrust plate 12 through rolling bearings, and a cylindrical bearing housing 7 is fixedly installed between the left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4. The thrust shaft 2 At the centerline position of the bearing housing 7 , the left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4 , seals are provided on the mounting surfaces of the left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4 and the two ends of the bearing housing 7 .

A displacement compensating piston 5 is slidably arranged in the bearing housing 7. The center position of the displacement compensating piston 5 is provided with a central through hole. The outer surface of the bearing shell is slidably supported on the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing 7 through the sealing ring. The right end plate 4 is provided with a cylindrical boss at the center of the circular base plate; the inner hole surface of the displacement compensation piston 5 is slidably supported on the convex cylindrical surface outside the cylindrical boss of the right end plate 4 through the corresponding sealing member. A radial sliding bearing 3 is installed between the inner hole surface of the cylindrical boss of the right end plate 4 and the thrust shaft 2 . The radial sliding bearing 3 includes a sliding sleeve sleeved on the pushing shaft 2 and a sliding sleeve installed on the right end plate 4 The bearing bush, the inner surface of the right end plate 4 and the convex cylindrical surface, the outer end surface of the displacement compensation piston 5 and the inner cavity surface of the bearing shell 7 form an annular hydraulic oil cavity.

One side of the thrust plate 12 is slidably supported on the inner side of the left end plate 10, the other side of the thrust plate 12 is slidably supported with a thrust block 14, the thrust block 14 is vacantly sleeved on the thrust shaft 2, and the side of the thrust block 14 is fixedly connected with a thrust force The block support 15 and the thrust block support 15 are supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate 4 in an axially movable manner, so the thrust block 14 and the thrust block support 15 which are fixedly connected to each other can only be operated along the axial direction of the thrust shaft 2. Axial movement.

An annular oil groove is provided on the inner side of the left end plate 10, the inner side of the left end plate 10 and the corresponding side of the thrust plate 12 are relative sliding surfaces, and the annular oil groove on the left end plate 10 and the corresponding side of the thrust plate 12 form a pressure oil gap. The thrust block 14 is also provided with an annular oil groove. The corresponding side surface of the thrust block 14 and the thrust plate 12 is a relative sliding surface. The annular oil groove on the thrust block 14 and the corresponding side surface of the thrust plate 12 form a pressure oil gap. The pressure oil in the pressure oil gap is conducive to the formation of a pressure oil film on the opposite sliding surface.

A number of compensation damping springs 6 are evenly supported in the circumferential direction between the inner end face of the displacement compensation piston 5 and the thrust block support 15. The compensation damping springs 6 are helical cylindrical compression springs. The displacement compensation piston 5 passes through the compensation damping spring 6 and the thrust block 14 act on the thrust disc 12.

A piston displacement sensor 13 is provided on the displacement compensation piston 5, and the piston displacement sensor 13 is installed on the bearing housing 7. The piston displacement sensor 13 adopts a common position sensor such as a strain type or an inductance type. corresponding to the location. A thrust block displacement sensor 17 is provided on the thrust block 14. The thrust block displacement sensor 17 is installed on the right end plate 4, and its position corresponds to the position of the thrust block 14. The thrust block displacement sensor 17 also adopts a commonly used position sensor.

The hydraulic pump 25 is a plunger pump. The pressure oil of the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 is connected to the pressure oil port P of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 through the check valve 19. The hydraulic reversing valve 22 is a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve. . The A port of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 leads to the hydraulic oil chamber between the displacement compensation piston 5 and the right end plate 4 , and the oil return T port of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 is connected to the oil tank 26 .

The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 is also connected to the pressure oil gap between the thrust plate 12 and the left end plate 10 through the corresponding one-way valve 19, the pressure regulating valve 18 and the left static pressure oil nozzle 11. Similarly, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 Through the check valve 19 on the corresponding side and the right static pressure oil nozzle 9 of the pressure regulating valve 18 in turn, it leads to the pressure oil gap between the thrust plate 12 and the thrust block 14 . The left static pressure oil nozzle 11 is installed on the left end plate 10 , and the right static pressure oil nozzle 9 is installed on the bearing housing 7 . The hydraulic pump leading to the pressure oil gap and the hydraulic oil cavity can be the same hydraulic pump or two hydraulic pumps respectively.

The position signals monitored by the piston displacement sensor 13 and the thrust block displacement sensor 17 are transmitted to the automatic controller 20 by means of electrical connection, and the automatic controller 20 adopts a suitable common automatic control system. The automatic controller 20 processes and calculates the position signal of the displacement sensor and sends out a control signal. The control signal controls the action of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 so that the spool of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 is at the corresponding position.

A relief valve 24 and an accumulator 21 are connected in parallel to the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25, and a pressure gauge 23 is also connected in parallel on the hydraulic oil circuit. An oil return nozzle 8 is installed on both the bearing housing 7 and the left end plate 10 , and the oil return nozzle 8 leads to the oil tank 26 so as to lead the oil in the inner cavity of the bearing housing 7 to the oil tank 26 .

Claims (10)

1. An automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing, comprising a thrust shaft (2), and a thrust plate (12) fixedly arranged on the thrust shaft (2), characterized in that: the thrust shaft (2) is rotatably supported on the left end plate (10) and the right end plate (4), the left end plate (10) and the right end plate (4) are fixedly installed on both ends of the bearing shell (7) respectively, and radial sliding bearings ( 3); one side of the thrust plate (12) is slidably supported on the inner side of the left end plate (10), and a thrust block (14) is slidably supported on the other side of the thrust plate (12). The thrust block (14) An empty sleeve is placed on the thrust shaft (2); a displacement compensation piston (5) is slidably arranged in the bearing housing (7), and the hydraulic oil chamber is located between the outer end of the displacement compensation piston (5) and the inner side of the right end plate (4). A compensation damping spring (6) is supported between the thrust block (14) and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston (5); a thrust block displacement sensor (17) is arranged on the thrust block (14), and the displacement compensation piston ( 5) A piston displacement sensor (13) is provided on it; the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) is connected to the pressure oil port P of the hydraulic reversing valve (22), and the A port of the hydraulic reversing valve (22) leads to the displacement The hydraulic oil chamber between the compensation piston (5) and the right end plate (4), the oil return port T of the hydraulic reversing valve (22) is connected to the oil tank (26); the two sides of the thrust plate (12) are respectively connected to the left end plate ( The pressure oil gap between 10) and the thrust block (14) is communicated with the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25); the piston displacement sensor (13) and the thrust block displacement sensor (17) are connected with the automatic controller (20) Electrically connected, the automatic controller (20) is electrically connected with the hydraulic reversing valve (22). 2. The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer surface of the displacement compensation piston (5) is sealingly slidably supported on the inner cavity surface of the bearing shell (7), and the displacement compensation piston (5) ) is sealingly slidingly supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate (4), the inner surface and convex cylindrical surface of the right end surface (4) and the outer end surface of the displacement compensation piston (5) and the inner The cavity surface encloses a hydraulic oil cavity. 3 . The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1 , wherein a thrust block support ( 15 ) is fixedly connected to the side surface of the thrust block ( 4 ), and the thrust block support ( 15 ) can be axially connected. 4 . It is movably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate (4); between the thrust block support (15) and the inner end of the displacement compensating piston (5), a plurality of compensating damping springs (6) are supported along the circumferential direction. 4 . The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the radial sliding bearing ( 3 ) is installed between the right end plate ( 4 ) and the thrust shaft ( 2 ). 5 . 5. The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: an annular oil groove is provided on the inner surface of the left end plate (10), and the annular oil groove and the corresponding side surface of the thrust plate (12) enclose a pressure Oil gap, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) leads to the pressure oil gap through the corresponding one-way valve (19), pressure regulating valve (18) and left static pressure oil nozzle (11). 6 . The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1 , wherein an annular oil groove is provided on the thrust block ( 14 ), and the annular oil groove and the corresponding side surface of the thrust plate ( 12 ) form a pressure oil gap. 7 . , the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) leads to the pressure oil gap through the corresponding one-way valve (19), the pressure regulating valve (18) and the right static pressure oil nozzle (9). 7. The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piston displacement sensor (13) is mounted on the bearing housing (7), the piston displacement sensor (13) and the displacement compensation piston (5) The positions are corresponding; the thrust block displacement sensor (17) is installed on the right end plate (4), and the thrust block displacement sensor (17) corresponds to the position of the thrust block (4). 8 . The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the hydraulic reversing valve ( 22 ) is a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve. 9 . 9 . The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump ( 25 ) is connected with a relief valve ( 24 ) and an accumulator ( 21 ) in parallel. 10 . 10. The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: an oil return nozzle (8) is installed on the bearing housing (7) and/or the left end plate (10), and the oil return nozzle (8) leads to the Fuel tank (26).

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