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CN112039315B - Zero-crossing detection circuit, PFC circuit and two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit - Google Patents

Zero-crossing detection circuit, PFC circuit and two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112039315B
CN112039315B CN202010765933.5A CN202010765933A CN112039315B CN 112039315 B CN112039315 B CN 112039315B CN 202010765933 A CN202010765933 A CN 202010765933A CN 112039315 B CN112039315 B CN 112039315B
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Prior art keywords
zero
crossing detection
detection circuit
resistor
diode
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CN112039315A (en
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韦康
朱益波
刘宏森
郑煦
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Hangzhou Zhonhen Electric Co ltd
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Hangzhou Zhonhen Electric Co ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/104092 priority patent/WO2022028168A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/083—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the ignition at the zero crossing of the voltage or the current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/175—Indicating the instants of passage of current or voltage through a given value, e.g. passage through zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a zero-crossing detection circuit, which relates to the technical field of zero-crossing detection and comprises a current transformer, a main switching tube and a negative current regulation circuit; the current transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected with the main switching tube in series to form a first converter, and the first converter is connected to an alternating current source in a matching manner; the negative current regulating circuit comprises a first resistor, a third resistor, a comparison unit, a trigger unit and a direct current source; when the first converter flows through the negative current and the value of the negative current is equal to the preset threshold value, the induced current generated by the secondary winding flows into the comparison unit through the second end, the first resistor and the third resistor, so that the trigger unit outputs a zero-crossing signal, and the main switching tube responds to the zero-crossing signal and is turned off. The invention also discloses a PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection and two paths of interleaved parallel PFC circuits. The invention outputs the zero-crossing signal to switch off the corresponding main switching tube when the zero-crossing occurs, thereby improving the reliability of the result and the system efficiency.

Description

Zero-crossing detection circuit, PFC circuit and two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of zero-crossing detection, in particular to a zero-crossing detection circuit, a PFC circuit and two paths of interleaved parallel PFC circuits.
Background
The zero-crossing detection means that: in the power supply system, the waveform is converted from positive half cycle to negative half cycle or negative half cycle to positive half cycle, when the waveform passes through the vicinity of zero position, the system outputs a zero-crossing signal, and the switching circuit responds to the zero-crossing signal to perform corresponding switching.
The existing zero-crossing detection usually adopts the modes of optical coupling isolation or a Hall sensor and the like. However, the above method generally has the problem of low bandwidth, which causes the detected zero crossing to deviate from the real zero crossing, so that a large negative current exists in the switched circuit, thereby reducing the reliability of the corresponding system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a zero-crossing detection circuit, which can accurately output a zero-crossing signal to turn off a corresponding main switching tube when the zero-crossing occurs, and reduce a negative current in a switched circuit, thereby improving the reliability and system efficiency of the circuit.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a zero-crossing detection circuit comprises a current transformer, a main switching tube and a negative current regulating circuit; wherein:
the current transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected with the main switching tube in series to form a first converter, and the first converter is connected to an alternating current source in a matching manner;
the negative current regulating circuit comprises a first resistor, a third resistor, a comparison unit, a trigger unit and a direct current source; the comparison unit is connected with the trigger unit; the direct current source is connected with the comparison unit and the trigger unit; the first end and the second end of the secondary winding are respectively connected to two ends of the first resistor;
when the first converter flows through a negative current and the value of the negative current is equal to a preset threshold value, the induced current generated by the secondary winding flows into the comparison unit through the second end, the first resistor and the third resistor, so that the comparison unit outputs a switching signal, the trigger unit responds to the switching signal to switch from a cut-off state to an operating state and outputs a zero-crossing signal, and the main switching tube responds to the zero-crossing signal and is turned off.
Further, the comparing unit includes a comparing switch tube and a second resistor, the first end is connected to the dc source, the third resistor is connected in series between the second end and the positive end of the comparing switch tube, the second resistor is connected in series between ground and the negative end of the comparing switch tube, the base and the negative end of the comparing switch tube are connected to ground or grounded via a fifth resistor, and the base of the comparing switch tube is connected to the triggering unit.
Further, the comparison unit includes a comparison switch tube and a second resistor, the second resistor is connected in series between the dc source and the positive end of the comparison switch tube, the third resistor is connected in series between the first end and the negative end of the comparison switch tube, the second end is grounded, the base of the comparison switch tube is connected to the positive end or connected to the dc source via a fifth resistor, and the base of the comparison switch tube is connected to the trigger unit.
Furthermore, the trigger unit comprises a trigger switch tube and a fourth resistor, the positive end of the trigger switch tube is connected with the direct current source, the fourth resistor is connected between the ground and the negative end of the trigger switch tube in series, and the base of the trigger switch tube is connected with the base of the comparison switch tube; when the trigger unit is switched from a cut-off state to an operating state, the negative end of the trigger switch tube outputs a zero-crossing signal.
Furthermore, the trigger unit comprises a trigger switch tube and a fourth resistor, the fourth resistor is connected in series between the direct current source and the positive end of the trigger switch tube, the negative end of the trigger switch tube is grounded, and the base of the trigger switch tube is connected with the base of the comparison switch tube; when the trigger unit is switched from a cut-off state to an operating state, the positive end of the trigger switch tube outputs a zero-crossing signal.
Furthermore, the negative current regulating circuit further comprises a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected to the trigger unit and receives the zero-crossing signal, and the output end of the controller is connected to the main switching tube; when the trigger signal outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller controls the main switching tube to be switched off.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a zero-crossing detection PFC circuit, which can reduce the negative current flowing through the switched zero-crossing detection circuit when the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are switched, so as to improve the reliability and system efficiency of the circuit.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the zero-crossing detection circuit is applied to a PFC circuit and comprises an alternating current source, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a capacitor, a load and two groups of zero-crossing detection circuits; wherein:
one end of the first inductor is connected to the anode of the alternating current source, the other end of the first inductor is marked as a connecting end f, the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode are both connected with the cathode of the alternating current source, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connecting end f and the cathode of the first diode in a matched mode, the second zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connecting end f and the anode of the second diode in a matched mode, and the capacitor and the load are both connected between the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode in parallel.
The main switching tubes and the trigger units of the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are connected with the controller;
when the trigger unit of the first zero-crossing detection circuit outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller controls the main switching tube of the first zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched off and the main switching tube of the second zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched on; when the trigger unit of the second zero-crossing detection circuit outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller controls the main switching tube of the second zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched off and the main switching tube of the first zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched on.
Further, the main switch tube, the comparison switch tube and the trigger switch tube of the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are all any one of an SI MOSFET tube, an IGBT tube, a GaN MOSFET tube, a SIC MOSFET, a triode, a thyristor and a relay, or a bidirectional switch formed by the combination of the two.
The invention also aims to provide two paths of interleaved parallel PFC circuits with zero-crossing detection, which can reduce the negative current flowing through the switched zero-crossing detection circuit when the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are switched and the third zero-crossing detection circuit and the fourth zero-crossing detection circuit are switched, thereby improving the reliability of the circuit.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the zero-crossing detection circuit is applied to two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuits and comprises an alternating current source, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a second inductor, a capacitor, a load and four groups of zero-crossing detection circuits; wherein:
the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode are both connected with the cathode of the alternating current source, and the capacitor and the load are both connected between the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode in parallel;
one end of the first inductor is connected to the anode of the alternating current source, the other end of the first inductor is marked as a connection end f1, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f1 and the cathode of the first diode in a matched mode, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f1 and the anode of the second diode in a matched mode;
one end of the second inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the alternating current source, the other end of the second inductor is marked as a connection end f2, the third zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f2 and the cathode of the first diode in a matched mode, and the fourth zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f2 and the anode of the second diode in a matched mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the zero-crossing detection circuit, when a first converter flows through a negative current and the value of the negative current is equal to a preset threshold value, the trigger unit correspondingly outputs a zero-crossing signal, namely no follow current exists in the first converter at the moment, so that the negative current flowing through the switched circuit is reduced, and a reliable basis is provided for subsequent software development; through the replacement of the third resistor, the preset threshold value of the comparison unit is adjusted so as to be more fit with the actual situation, and the flexibility of the zero-crossing detection circuit is further improved;
in the PFC circuit, when the actual waveform of the inductive current is converted from a positive half cycle to a negative half cycle, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is cut off, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit operates to reduce the negative current in the second zero-crossing detection circuit; correspondingly, when the actual waveform of the current is converted from the negative half cycle to the positive half cycle, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is cut off, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit operates to reduce the negative current in the second zero-crossing detection circuit. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a negative current in the zero-cross detection circuit after switching, and to facilitate compensation of input current distortion due to the negative current to reduce input current harmonics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a zero crossing detection circuit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an implementation of the comparison unit according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of another implementation of the comparison unit shown in the second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an implementation of the flip-flop cell of the second embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of another implementation of the trigger unit according to the second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a negative current regulation circuit according to a second embodiment;
fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection according to the third embodiment;
fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection according to the fourth embodiment.
In the figure: 10. a zero-crossing detection circuit; 101. a negative current regulation circuit; 1011. a comparison unit; 1012. a trigger unit; 1013. and a controller.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the description of the invention is given by way of illustration and not of limitation. The various embodiments may be combined with each other to form other embodiments not shown in the following description.
Example one
The embodiment provides a zero-crossing detection circuit, and aims to solve the problem that the zero crossing is difficult to accurately determine for a circuit with follow-current components. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the zero crossing detection circuit 10 includes a current transformer CT, a main switching tube Q1, and a negative current regulation circuit 101.
The current transformer CT comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected with a main switching tube Q1 in series to form a first converter, and the first converter is connected to an alternating current source in a matching mode. The primary winding is provided with a homonymous end and a heteronymous end, the current flowing from the heteronymous end to the homonymous end of the primary winding is recorded as the positive current of the zero-crossing detection circuit, and the current flowing from the homonymous end to the heteronymous end of the primary winding is recorded as the negative current of the zero-crossing detection circuit. The secondary winding also has a homonymous terminal and a synonym terminal, wherein the first terminal a1 may be the homonymous terminal of the secondary winding, the second terminal a2 may be the synonym terminal of the secondary winding, and when a positive current flows through the first converter, an induced current generated by the secondary winding flows out from the first terminal a1, and flows in from the second terminal a2 after passing through the negative regulation circuit 101; on the contrary, when the second converter flows a negative current, the induced current generated by the secondary winding flows out from the second terminal a2, and flows in from the first terminal a1 after passing through the negative regulation circuit 101.
The negative current regulation circuit 101 includes a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a comparison unit 1011, a trigger unit 1012, and a dc source. When the first converter flows a forward current, the first resistor R1 may be regarded as a pull-down resistor, so that the voltage at the second terminal a2 is lower than the voltage at the first terminal a 1; when the second converter is flowing a negative current, the first resistor R1 can be regarded as a pull-up resistor, so that the voltage at the second terminal a2 is higher than the voltage at the first terminal a 1.
One end of the third resistor R3 may be connected to one end of the first resistor R1, the other end of the third resistor R3 and the other end of the first resistor R1 are both connected to the comparing unit 1011, and the comparing unit 1011 has a preset threshold according to the resistance of the third resistor R3, so that the third resistor R3 may be a resistor device with adjustable resistance, such as a sliding varistor.
When the first converter flows through the positive current, the induced current generated by the secondary winding flows out from the first end a1, and is input from the second end a2 after passing through the negative current regulating circuit 101, and at this time, the comparing unit 1011 does not output the switching signal, and the triggering unit 1012 is in the off state;
when the first converter passes through a negative current and the value is smaller than the preset threshold, the induced current generated by the secondary winding flows out from the second end a2, and is input from the first end a1 after passing through the negative current regulating circuit, and at this time, the comparing unit 1011 still does not output the switching signal, and the triggering unit 1012 is still in the off state.
When the first converter passes through a negative current and the value is equal to the preset threshold value, the induced current generated by the secondary winding flows out from the second end a2, and is input from the first end a1 after passing through the negative current regulating circuit, and at this time, the comparing unit 1011 further outputs a switching signal, and the triggering unit 1012 responds to the switching signal and switches from the cut-off state to the running state, and outputs a zero-crossing signal.
The main switching tube Q1 responds to the zero crossing signal and turns off to turn off the first converter. It should be noted that the main switching tube Q1 may be any one of a SI MOSFET tube, an IGBT tube, a GaN MOSFET tube, a SIC MOSFET, a triode, a thyristor, and a relay, or a bidirectional switch formed by a combination thereof.
To sum up, in the zero-crossing detection circuit 10, when a negative current flows through the first converter and the value of the negative current is equal to the preset threshold, the trigger unit 1012 correspondingly outputs a zero-crossing signal, that is, no follow current exists in the first converter at this time, so that the negative current flowing through the switched circuit is reduced, and a reliable basis is provided for subsequent software development; through the replacement of the third resistor R3, the preset threshold of the comparing unit 1011 is adjusted so as to be more suitable for practical situations, thereby improving the flexibility of the zero-crossing detecting circuit 10.
It should be noted that the secondary winding is not limited to one, and may be multiple windings, and the multiple windings extend out of the first end a1 and the second end a2 after being connected in series in the same direction, so as to multiply the current of the first end a1 and the second end a2, so as to improve the reliability of the part detection result.
As an optional technical solution, referring to fig. 1, the zero-crossing detection circuit further includes a controller 1013, an input end of the controller 1013 is connected to the trigger unit 1012 and receives the zero-crossing signal, and an output end of the controller 1013 is connected to the main switching tube Q1; when the trigger signal outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller 1013 controls the main switching tube Q1 to be turned off. The controller 1013 may employ a DSP processor, a microcontroller, or the like.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a zero-crossing detection circuit, and is performed on the basis of the first embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the comparing unit 1011 may include a comparing switching tube Q2 and a second resistor R2. The first end a1 is connected to a dc source, the third resistor R3 is connected in series between the second end a2 and the positive end of the comparison switch Q2, the second resistor R2 is connected in series between ground and the negative end of the comparison switch Q2, the base and the negative end of the comparison switch Q2 are connected to ground or connected to ground via a fifth resistor, and the base of the comparison switch Q2 is connected to the trigger unit 1012.
The comparison switch tube Q2 may be any one of SI MOSFET tube, IGBT tube, GaN MOSFET tube, SIC MOSFET, triode, thyristor and relay, or a bidirectional switch formed by their combination. In the comparison unit 1011, a current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the comparison switch Q2. For example, when the PNP transistor is used as the comparison switch Q2, the positive terminal is an emitter and the negative terminal is a collector.
By this technical solution, when the negative current of the first converter increases to the preset threshold, the voltage at the second end a2 also increases to meet the conducting range of the comparison switch Q2, so that the comparison switch Q2 outputs a high level to the trigger unit 1012, which is a switching signal.
As an alternative solution, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the comparing unit 1011 includes a comparing switch Q2 and a second resistor R2, the second resistor R2 is connected in series between the dc source and the positive terminal of the comparing switch Q2, the third resistor R3 is connected in series between the first terminal a1 and the negative terminal of the comparing switch Q2, the second terminal a2 is grounded, the base and the positive terminal of the comparing switch Q2 are connected to the dc source or connected to the dc source via a fifth resistor, and the base of the comparing switch Q2 is connected to the triggering unit 1012.
The comparison switch tube Q2 may be any one of SI MOSFET tube, IGBT tube, GaN MOSFET tube, SIC MOSFET, triode, thyristor and relay, or a bidirectional switch formed by a combination thereof. In the comparison unit 1011, a current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the comparison switch Q2. For example, when the comparison switch Q2 is an NPN transistor, the positive terminal is a collector, and the negative terminal is an emitter.
By this technical solution, when the negative current of the first converter increases to the preset threshold, the voltage of the first terminal a1 is also decreased to meet the conducting range of the comparison switch Q2, so that the comparison switch Q2 outputs a high level to the trigger unit 1012, which is a switching signal.
As an alternative solution, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the triggering unit 1012 includes a triggering switch Q3 and a fourth resistor R4, a positive terminal of the triggering switch Q3 is connected to the dc source, the fourth resistor R4 is connected in series between the ground and a negative terminal of the triggering switch Q3, and a base of the triggering switch Q3 may be connected to a base of the comparison switch Q2 to receive the switching signal; when the trigger unit 1012 receives the switching signal, the trigger unit 1012 switches from the off state to the on state and outputs a zero-crossing signal from the negative terminal of the trigger switch Q3.
The trigger switch tube Q3 may be any one of SI MOSFET tube, IGBT tube, GaN MOSFET tube, SIC MOSFET, triode, thyristor and relay, or a bidirectional switch formed by their combination. It should be noted that, in the comparing unit 1011, a current flows from the positive side to the negative side of the trigger switch Q3. For example, when the PNP transistor is used as the comparison switch Q2, the positive terminal is an emitter and the negative terminal is a collector.
By this solution, when the negative current of the first converter increases to the preset threshold, the triggering unit 1012 may cooperate to output the zero-crossing signal.
As an alternative solution, referring to fig. 1 and 5, the trigger unit 1012 includes a trigger switch Q3 and a fourth resistor R4, the fourth resistor R4 is connected in series between the dc source and the positive end of the trigger switch Q3, the negative end of the trigger switch Q3 is grounded, and the base of the trigger switch Q3 is connected to the base of the comparison switch Q2 to receive the switching signal; when the trigger unit 1012 receives the switching signal, the trigger unit 1012 switches from the off state to the on state and outputs a zero-crossing signal from the negative terminal of the trigger switch Q3.
The trigger switch tube Q3 may be any one of SI MOSFET tube, IGBT tube, GaN MOSFET tube, SIC MOSFET, triode, thyristor and relay, or a bidirectional switch formed by a combination thereof. It should be noted that, in the comparing unit 1011, a current flows from the positive side to the negative side of the trigger switch Q3. For example, when the trigger switch Q3 is an NPN transistor, the positive terminal is a collector, and the negative terminal is an emitter.
By this solution, when the negative current of the first converter increases to the preset threshold, the triggering unit 1012 may cooperate to output the zero-crossing signal.
As an alternative solution, the comparing unit 1011 and the triggering unit 1012 in this embodiment have multiple implementation manners, wherein a combination of the triggering unit 1012 shown in fig. 2 and the triggering unit 1012 shown in fig. 4 is preferably adopted, a circuit diagram after the combination is shown in fig. 6, the comparing switch tube Q2 and the triggering switch tube Q3 both adopt PNP triode, the negative current regulating circuit 101 further includes a third diode D3, an anode of the third diode D3 is connected to a collector of the triggering switch tube Q3, and a cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to a base of the comparing switch tube Q2, so as to play a role of protection.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides a PFC circuit with zero crossing detection, which is shown in fig. 7 and includes the zero crossing detection circuit 10 in the first embodiment and/or the second embodiment. Specifically, the PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection includes an ac source, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1, a capacitor C, a load Rx, and two sets of zero-crossing detection circuits 10. The two sets of zero-crossing detection circuits 10 are respectively recorded as a first zero-crossing detection circuit and a second zero-crossing detection circuit.
One end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the ac source, the other end is denoted as a connection terminal f, the anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are both connected to the negative electrode of the ac source, the first zero-cross detection circuit is connected between the connection terminal f and the cathode of the first diode D1 in a matched manner, the second zero-cross detection circuit is connected between the connection terminal f and the anode of the second diode D2 in a matched manner, and the capacitor C and the load Rx are both connected in parallel between the cathode of the first diode D1 and the anode of the second diode D2.
It is worth mentioning here that the ac power source outputs a positive current or a negative current during one cycle, which are not the positive current and the negative current flowing through the first converter.
When the alternating current source is in a positive half cycle, the second diode D2 is conducted, the main switching tube Q1 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit is turned off, the main switching tube Q1 of the second zero-crossing detection circuit is conducted, the current sequentially passes through the alternating current source, the first inductor L1, the second zero-crossing detection circuit, the second diode D2 and the alternating current source, and meanwhile, the first inductor L1 stores energy; when the main switch tube Q1 of the second zero-crossing detection circuit is turned off, the main switch tube Q1 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit is turned on, and in the first zero-crossing detection circuit, the current is the forward current of the first converter, and the current sequentially flows through an alternating current source, a first inductor L1, a first zero-crossing detection circuit, a load Rx, a second diode D2 and an alternating current source.
When the ac source is in the positive half cycle, the main switch Q1 of the second zero-cross detection circuit is turned off, and the main switch Q1 of the first zero-cross detection circuit is turned on, and this current is the forward current of the first converter in the first zero-cross detection circuit, referring to the circuit diagrams shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the first zero-cross detection circuit, the induced current of the current transformer CT flows out from the first terminal a1, flows through the first resistor R1, and generates a negative voltage between the second terminal a2 and the first terminal a1, and the current flows back to the first current transformer CT from the second terminal a2, at this time, the voltage of the first terminal a1 is equal to the output voltage VCC of the dc source, the voltage of the second terminal a2 is equal to VCC plus the voltage generated on R1, that is the second terminal a2 is a negative voltage relative to the first terminal a1, and the base of the trigger switch Q3 outputs a high-level switching signal.
When the ac source is in the negative half cycle, the main switch Q1 of the second zero-cross detection circuit is turned off, and the main switch Q1 of the first zero-cross detection circuit is turned on, in the first zero-cross detection circuit, the current is the negative current of the first inverter, which can refer to the circuit diagrams shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the first zero-cross detection circuit, when the current flowing through the second diode D2 decreases to zero, the second diode D2 is continuously turned on, so that the current of the second diode D2 increases, at this time, the current transformer senses the current of CT flowing out from the second end a2, the current flows through the first resistor R1 to generate a positive voltage between the second end a2 and the first end a1, the current flows back to the current transformer CT from the first end a1, the voltage of the second end a2 is equal to VCC plus the voltage generated on the first resistor R1, the second end a2 is a positive voltage relative to the first end a1, when the negative current increases to a preset value set by the first resistor R1, the conduction of the trigger switch Q3 and the inversion of the collector of the trigger switch Q3 from high level to low level generate an edge signal, which is a zero-crossing signal that can be captured by the controller.
On the contrary, when the ac source is in the negative half cycle, the first diode D1 is turned on, the main switching tube Q1 of the second zero-cross detection circuit is turned off, and the main switching tube Q1 of the first zero-cross detection circuit is turned on, in the second zero-cross detection circuit, the current is the forward current of the first converter, the current sequentially passes through the ac source-the first diode D1-the first zero-cross detection circuit-the first inductor L1-the ac source, and at the same time, the first inductor L1 stores energy; when the main switch Q1 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit is turned off, the main switch Q1 of the second zero-crossing detection circuit is turned on, and the current flows through the ac source, the first diode D1, the load Rx, the second zero-crossing detection circuit, the first inductor L1, and the ac source in sequence.
By the technical scheme, when the actual waveform of the current is converted from the positive half cycle to the negative half cycle, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is cut off, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit operates to reduce the negative current in the second zero-crossing detection circuit; correspondingly, when the actual waveform of the current is converted from the negative half cycle to the positive half cycle, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is cut off, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit operates to reduce the negative current in the second zero-crossing detection circuit. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the negative current in the zero-cross detection circuit 10 after switching, and facilitate compensation of input current distortion due to the negative current to reduce input current harmonics.
As an optional technical solution, the PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection may further include a controller 1013, and the main switching tube Q1 and the triggering unit 1012 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are both connected to the controller 1013. The processor is not limited to use with a DSP processor or microcontroller.
When the trigger unit 1012 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit outputs a zero-crossing signal, the processor controls the main switch tube Q1 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit to be turned off and the main switch tube Q1 of the second zero-crossing detection circuit to be turned on; when the trigger unit 1012 of the second zero-crossing detection circuit outputs a zero-crossing signal, the processor controls the main switch tube Q1 of the second zero-crossing detection circuit to be turned off and the main switch tube Q1 of the first zero-crossing detection circuit to be turned on.
Through the technical scheme, the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are conveniently coordinated in a comprehensive mode, and the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit use the same processor, so that the complexity of the PFC circuit with the zero-crossing detection function is reduced, and the advantages of saving resources and simplifying circuits are achieved.
Example four
The present embodiment provides a two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit with zero crossing detection, which is shown in fig. 8 and includes the zero crossing detection circuit 10 in the first embodiment and/or the second embodiment. Specifically, it includes an ac source, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a capacitor C, a load Rx, and four sets of zero-crossing detection circuits 10. The four groups of zero-cross detection circuits 10 are respectively recorded as a first zero-cross detection circuit, a second zero-cross detection circuit and a fourth zero-cross detection circuit.
The anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are both connected with the cathode of the alternating current source, and the capacitor C and the load Rx are both connected in parallel between the cathode of the first diode D1 and the anode of the second diode D2;
one end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the alternating current source, the other end is denoted as a connection terminal f1, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection terminal f1 and the cathode of the first diode D1 in a matched manner, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection terminal f1 and the anode of the second diode D2 in a matched manner; one end of the second inductor L2 is connected to the positive electrode of the ac source, and the other end is denoted as a connection terminal f2, the third zero-cross detection circuit is connected between the connection terminal f2 and the cathode of the first diode D1, and the fourth zero-cross detection circuit is connected between the connection terminal f2 and the anode of the second diode D2.
The specific operation of the two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection in this embodiment may refer to the description of the PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection in the third embodiment, and is not described herein again.
As an optional technical solution, the two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection may further include a controller 1013, and each of the zero-crossing detection circuit 10, the main switching tube Q1, and the triggering unit 1012 are connected to the controller 1013. The processor is not limited to a DSP processor or a microcontroller, and the specific operation of the controller 1013 may also refer to the related description of the PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection in the third embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A zero-crossing detection circuit is characterized by comprising a current transformer, a main switching tube and a negative current regulation circuit; wherein:
the current transformer comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected with the main switching tube in series to form a first converter, and the first converter is connected to an alternating current source in a matching manner;
the negative current regulating circuit comprises a first resistor, a third resistor, a comparison unit, a trigger unit and a direct current source; the comparison unit is connected with the trigger unit; the direct current source is connected with the comparison unit and the trigger unit; the first end and the second end of the secondary winding are respectively connected to two ends of the first resistor;
when the first converter flows through a negative current and the value of the negative current is equal to a preset threshold value, induced current generated by the secondary winding flows into a comparison unit through a second end, a first resistor and a third resistor, so that the comparison unit outputs a switching signal, the trigger unit responds to the switching signal to switch from a cut-off state to an operating state and outputs a zero-crossing signal, and the main switching tube responds to the zero-crossing signal and is turned off;
the comparison unit comprises a comparison switch tube and a second resistor, the first end of the comparison switch tube is connected with the direct current source, the third resistor is connected between the second end and the positive end of the comparison switch tube in series, the second resistor is connected between the ground and the negative end of the comparison switch tube in series, the base electrode and the negative end of the comparison switch tube are connected with the ground or grounded through a fifth resistor, and the base electrode of the comparison switch tube is connected to the trigger unit;
or the comparison unit comprises a comparison switch tube and a second resistor, the second resistor is connected in series between the direct current source and the positive end of the comparison switch tube, the third resistor is connected in series between the first end and the negative end of the comparison switch tube, the second end is grounded, the base electrode of the comparison switch tube is connected with the positive end or connected with the direct current source through a fifth resistor, and the base electrode of the comparison switch tube is connected to the trigger unit.
2. A zero-crossing detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger unit comprises a trigger switch tube and a fourth resistor, a positive end of the trigger switch tube is connected with the dc source, the fourth resistor is connected in series between ground and a negative end of the trigger switch tube, and a base of the trigger switch tube is connected with a base of the comparison switch tube; when the trigger unit is switched from a cut-off state to an operating state, the negative end of the trigger switch tube outputs a zero-crossing signal.
3. A zero-crossing detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger unit comprises a trigger switch tube and a fourth resistor, the fourth resistor is connected in series between the direct-current source and a positive end of the trigger switch tube, a negative end of the trigger switch tube is grounded, and a base of the trigger switch tube is connected with a base of the comparison switch tube; when the trigger unit is switched from a cut-off state to an operating state, the positive end of the trigger switch tube outputs a zero-crossing signal.
4. A zero-crossing detection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the negative current regulation circuit further comprises a controller, an input terminal of the controller is connected to the trigger unit and receives the zero-crossing signal, and an output terminal of the controller is connected to the main switching tube; when the trigger signal outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller controls the main switching tube to be switched off.
5. A PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection, characterized in that the zero-crossing detection circuit of any one of claims 1-4 is applied to a PFC circuit, and comprises an AC source, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a capacitor, a load and two sets of zero-crossing detection circuits; wherein:
one end of the first inductor is connected to the anode of the alternating current source, the other end of the first inductor is marked as a connecting end f, the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode are both connected with the cathode of the alternating current source, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connecting end f and the cathode of the first diode in a matched mode, the second zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connecting end f and the anode of the second diode in a matched mode, and the capacitor and the load are both connected between the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode in parallel.
6. The PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection according to claim 5, further comprising a controller, wherein the main switching tubes and the trigger units of the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are connected with the controller;
when the trigger unit of the first zero-crossing detection circuit outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller controls the main switching tube of the first zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched off and the main switching tube of the second zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched on; when the trigger unit of the second zero-crossing detection circuit outputs a zero-crossing signal, the controller controls the main switching tube of the second zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched off and the main switching tube of the first zero-crossing detection circuit to be switched on.
7. The PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection according to claim 6, wherein the main switching tube, the comparison switching tube and the trigger switching tube of the first zero-crossing detection circuit and the second zero-crossing detection circuit are all bidirectional switches formed by any one of SI MOSFET tubes, IGBT tubes, GaN MOSFET tubes, SIC MOSFETs, triodes, thyristors and relays, or a combination thereof.
8. A two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit with zero-crossing detection is characterized in that the zero-crossing detection circuit of any one of claims 1-4 is applied to the two-way interleaved parallel PFC circuit and comprises an alternating-current source, a first diode, a second diode, a first inductor, a second inductor, a capacitor, a load and four groups of zero-crossing detection circuits; wherein:
the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode are both connected with the cathode of the alternating current source, and the capacitor and the load are both connected between the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode in parallel;
one end of the first inductor is connected to the anode of the alternating current source, the other end of the first inductor is marked as a connection end f1, the first zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f1 and the cathode of the first diode in a matched mode, and the second zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f1 and the anode of the second diode in a matched mode;
one end of the second inductor is connected to the positive electrode of the alternating current source, the other end of the second inductor is marked as a connection end f2, the third zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f2 and the cathode of the first diode in a matched mode, and the fourth zero-crossing detection circuit is connected between the connection end f2 and the anode of the second diode in a matched mode.
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